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Most athletes will suffer from knee arthritis (KOA), but the current medical methods have many problems, such as poor effect, slow recovery and so on. With the development of nanotechnology, nanotu...

Chronic heart failure (CHF), referred to as chronic heart failure, is the end stage of most cardiovascular diseases and the leading cause of death. One-dimensional nanomaterials have related applic...

The emergence of nanotechnology provides a new method for the development and application of nanomaterials in the medical field. Nanoparticles could promote the expression of vascular endothelial g...

The process of basketball is often accompanied by physical injury, serious fractures of limbs will also occur. At present, the most common treatment for limb fracture is surgery, which can repair t...

With the rapid development of industry and transportation in China, the incidence rate of open fracture caused by high energy injuries such as traffic accidents and falling height is increasing yea...

Methods of treating bone defects include autogenous bone and allogeneic bone transplantation, tissue engineering technology, gene therapy, growth factor and adjuvant therapy of physical therapy, et...

Chronic low back represents one of the major causes of disability worldwide. Our narrative review has the purpose of highlighting the evidence supporting the different rehabilitative techniques described for its management. In total, 26 studies were found suitable to be included in the review (14 articles about pilates, six about McKenzie (MK), one article about Feldenkrais, three about Global Postural Rehabilitation (GPR) and two about Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation). The effect of exercise therapy was examined for each single study through changes in the main clinical outcomes (pain, disability,) quality of life (QoL) and psychological aspects and the targeted aspects of physical function (muscle strength, mobility, muscular activity and flexibility). All the techniques are effective for the study groups with respect to the control groups in reducing pain and disability and improving the QoL and maintaining benefits at follow-up; pilates, Back School, MK and Feldenkrais methods reduce pain and are more efficient than a pharmacological or instrumental approach in reducing disability and improving all psychological aspects also. GPR shows long lasting results for the last outcome. To date, it is difficult to affirm the superiority of one approach over another. Further high quality research is needed to confirm the effect of these techniques, together with the use of more appropriate evaluation measures.

The benefits of exercise training in virtually all humans, including those with a clinically stable chronic disease are numerous. The potential value lies in the fact that functional capacity is oftentimes significantly compromised. Exercise training not only play a role in reversing some of the pathophysiologic processes associated with chronic diseases but also improves clinical trajectory. Given the significant pathologic consequences associated with pulmonary hypertension and its implications for deteriorating right ventricular function as well as the perceived potential for a precipitous and possibly critical drop in cardiac output during periods of physical exertion, exercise training was historically not recommended for these patients. More recently, a promising body of literature demonstrating the safety and efficacy of exercise training (with benefit on exercise capacity, peak oxygen consumption and quality of life) in pulmonary hypertension patients has emerged, but the conclusion about the effects of exercise training were non-exhaustive and therefore there is still a lack of knowledge regarding exercise training for these patients. Thus, we aim to ascertain the current effectiveness of exercise rehabilitation for pulmonary hypertension by performing a brief overview on the latest currently available evidences in such an "at a glance" synopsis addressed to summarize/quantify the more recent existing body of literature. KEY MESSAGES Exercise training was historically not recommended in pulmonary hypertension. Recently, exercise training safety-efficacy in pulmonary hypertension has emerged. Exercise training should be recommended in addition to optimal medical therapy.

This case report presents a familiar problem experienced by competitive runners. It includes the assessment and management of a ‘masters’ runner, combining musculoskeletal medicine approaches with exercise rehabilitation.

Cardiac rehabilitation exercise prescriptions should be based on exercise stress tests; however, limitations in performing stress tests in this setting typically force reliance on subjective measures like the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI). We developed and evaluated a treadmill-based exercise tolerance test (ETT) to provide objective physiologic measures without requiring additional equipment or insurance charges. The ETT is stopped when the patient's Borg scale rating of perceived exertion (RPE) reaches 15 or when any sign/symptom indicates risk of an adverse event. Outcomes of the study included reasons for stopping; maximum heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and rate pressure product; and adverse events. We tested equivalence to the DASI as requiring the 95% confidence interval for the mean difference between DASI and ETT metabolic equivalents (METs) to fall within the range (–1, 1). Among 502 consecutive cardiac rehabilitation patients, one suffered a panic attack; no other adverse events occurred. Most (80%) stopped because they reached an RPE of 15; the remaining 20% were stopped on indications that continuing risked an adverse event. Mean maximum systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and rate pressure product were significantly (P < 0.001) below thresholds of the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Two patients’ heart rates exceeded 150 beats per minute, but their rate pressure products remained below 36,000. The mean difference between DASI and ETT METs was −0.8 (−0.98, −0.65), indicating equivalence at our threshold. In conclusion, the ETT can be performed within cardiac rehabilitation, providing a functional capacity assessment equivalent to the DASI and objective physiologic measures for developing exercise prescriptions and measuring progress.

Wheelchair sports first began in the 1940s, when competitive wheelchair-based activities were devised to provide rehabilitation exercise for returning servicemen, who would use their regular “day chairs” to compete with each other in the field of play. Many advances have since taken place to improve both regular day chairs and the increasingly specialised sports wheelchairs and other associated equipment that have evolved to meet the needs of the people that use them. For example, substantially lighter materials and structures are now used in designs that result in reduced user fatigue and extend the period of comfortable manual propulsion that can be sustained. This improves the quality of everyday life for day chair users and increases the level of performance amongst wheelchair athletes. Specially developed electronic sensors and computer equipment is also used to monitor relevant performance parameters. This aids the assessment of the effectiveness of rehabilitation exercise and also assists performan...

Physiotherapy is reported to be an integral part of patient management in the intensive care unit (ICU) of hospitals in industrialised countries. There is substantial literature which supports the role of respiratory management and rehabilitation of critically ill patients, although there is a paucity of randomised controlled trials in this area and trials examining patient outcomes. The aims of this review are to present the current evidence for the role of physiotherapists in the adult ICU. The efficacy of 'chest physiotherapy' on short-term patient physiological outcomes has been studied extensively and there is moderate-to-strong evidence in support of its role. The safety of physiotherapy treatment in ICU has also recently been established. In addition, there is growing evidence for the role of exercise rehabilitation beginning in ICU and extending to beyond ICU discharge. Urgent research is required by physiotherapists to establish the effectiveness of such treatments.

We aimed to qualitatively evaluate the experiences of a group of 14 Australian Vietnam Veterans, including five who stated being diagnosed with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, participating in a 40-week exercise programme.The veterans provided prospective feedback on perceptions, attitudes and opinions related to the programme via a series of three focus groups. A content analysis using the grounded theory approach was used to categorize the main themes to emerge from the transcribed data.The main findings included (a) the group's perceived lifestyle prior to participating in the programme, such as working long hours, social isolation and low motivation levels, (b) lifestyle and psychological changes as a result of the exercise programme, such as decreased anger levels, increased mental awareness, energy levels and daily resilience, and (c) increased social support. The veterans nominated the interaction and support arising from the classes, in addition to participation in the exercise per se, as being associated with the perceived benefits in personal lifestyle.The findings suggest that physical activity programmes set up within the community specifically for Vietnam Veterans may benefit them psychologically as well as physically.

Objectives. Currently, there is limited research on the effectiveness of rehabilitative exercises for neck pain patients generally, and chronic neck pain patients in particular. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that dysfunction of cervicocephalic kinesthesia, as measured by head repositioning accuracy (HRA), is present in many chronic patients, and that active eye-head-neck, co-ordination exercises, may be useful in terms of patients' rehabilitation.The purpose of this study was twofold: i. to determine if there was a difference in HRA in chronic neck pain subjects versus controls; ii. to assess the effect of a rehabilitative exercise program on chronic neck pain subjects' HRA and reported levels of pain.Method A prospective, intervention study on a convenience sample of chronic neck pain subjects (> 3 months duration) versus age and gender matched, asymptomatic control subjects was conducted. Exclusion criteria included any form of active treatment (> 1 per month) for musculoskeletal compl...

Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation is currently underused, even though exercise is one of the few nonsurgical interventions that can make heart disease patients feel better physically and mentally. Benefits include increased muscle strength, lowered heart rate, increased stroke volume, and increased submaximal and maximal working capacity. Patients in cardiac rehabilitation programs, however, often do not exercise enough to obtain maximal benefit. Programs should ideally be initiated under supervision to provide the correct regimen and requisite vigorous activity. Subsequent moderate exercise regimens can be done at home. All patients should engage in lifelong maintenance programs.

(1999). An Overview of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Rehabilitation. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 29-33.

A survey of the literature was undertaken to review the evolution of the posterior pelvic tilt exercise (PPTE) and to evaluate the use of the PPTE in treatment programs for low back pain (LBP). The review then focused on electromyographic (EMG) evidence supporting the clinical claims of improved posture, abdominal muscle strength, trunk stability and decreased pain associated with the PPTE.The recruitment patterns and the level of activation during the PPTE for the abdominal and the trunk extensor muscles in different postures have not been clearly established for normal subjects or those with LBP. Minimal evidence supporting the role of the hip extensor muscles in performing the pelvic tilt was found. Claims that the PPTE activates the abdominal or hip extensor muscles to a level that would promote strengthening cannot be substantiated. It is suggested that EMG biofeedback could potentially assist in decisions to use the PPTE.

Twenty-seven adults (10 men, 17 women) with chronic pulmonary disease participated in a 30-day rehabilitation program including aerobic exercise, education, and stress management. Mean age of the sample was 55.5± 15.8 years (Range:27-83 years). Subjects underwent assessments of physiological functioning, neuropsychological functioning, and psychological well-being before (Time 1) and after (Time 2) the exercise program. Using a median age split, the sample was divided into older adult (mean age-68.6± 9.2) and middle-aged (mean age= 43.4 ± 9.5) groups, and data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance, with age as a between subjects factor. The exercise intervention has no significant effect on indicators of pulmonary function, but both age groups achieved significant gains in cardiopulmonary endurance. Middle-aged subjects functioned at a higher level than older adult subjects at both times of measurement, and middle-aged subjects achieved significantly greater gains in walking distance than old...

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of variation in the order of four different isokinetic velocity exercise protocols on muscle torque production. Twenty‐two subjects were randomly assigned to four exercise trials, each containing an isokinetic exercise session involving the dominant knee extensor and flexor. Each trial consisted of performing two sets of 10 repetitions at velocities of 30°, 90°, 150°, and 210° per second in varying order. Peak torque (Nm), average peak torque (Nm), and average torque (Nm) were used to make comparisons between the four protocols. Univariate analysis showed no significant effect (p >0.05) of varying the order of isokinetic velocity of muscle contraction in the four protocols described for any of the three torque measurements. It was concluded that varying the pattern of isokinetic velocity at which a specific torque is developed does not interfere with general or specific torque at a particular velocity of contraction.

In brief: Cardiac rehabilitation as a distinct c health care service is of fairly recent origin, and existing programs are rather broad and nonstandardized. Consequently, the malpractice crisis that has engulfed the medical profession may well affect professionals who practice cardiac rehabilitation. Various legal issues and concerns face cardiac rehabilitation programs, as they do any other health care provider group. The adoption of written program policies and procedures, set in accordance with national standards of practice, can address the legal and practical problems. Obtaining effective informed consent from patients and using various risk management techniques can also assist in the operation of safe and legally defensible cardiac rehabilitation programs.

Compliance is more likely in cardiac exercise rehabilitation when participants perceive more benefits than drawbacks. Encouragement from other participants, friends, health care professionals, and family promotes compliance.