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In this article, steel slag, desulfurization slag of molten iron during steelmaking, and red iron oxide in cold rolling were used as coal-burning additives respectively. The effect of waste slag on coal combustion was investigated by tests on a bench-scale fluidized bed with analyzer for the composition of flue gas. The results indicated that the moderate amounts of industrial waste slag, which were used as coal-burning additives, played a catalytic role in coal combustion, desulfurization, and denitrification, and it was advantageous to the resources recycling.

Direct current field (DCF) has been applied on an aluminising specimen and powder aluminising agents to overcome conventional powder pack aluminising (CPA)’s shortcomings of high treating temperature, long soaking time and low efficiency in utilising aluminising media. The specimen in the shape of plate or tube was taken as cathode of the DCF. The anode in the shape of plate or column paralleled to the specimen. Effects of DCF on CPA have been studied. The treated case’s microstructure, phase, thickness and oxidation resistance have been investigated. The results show that DCF has the function of enhancing aluminising with great energy saving, even at a temperature below 750°C. The aluminised case endows plain carbon steel with superior resistance to oxidisation in air at a high temperature of 850°C. Mechanisms of DCF’s effects to CPA have been proposed, which were discussed from two aspects of the DCF’s thermal and non‐thermal effects to the aluminising process.

The TiO2 films prepared from a sol–gel precursor were deposited on glass substrates using spin coating technique. Titania sols were doped with and without a pore generating agent, polyethylene glycol (PEG), to evaluate the effect of porosity on the superhydrophilicity of the coatings. The crystalline phase and surface morphology of the TiO2 thin films were characterised by XRD, SEM and scanning measurement station (SMS). Wetting behaviour of the resulting films were characterised using contact angle measurements. This particular porous surface prepared from 0·5M tetrabutyl titanate with PEG sintered at 450°C was in anatase form and has maximum specific surface area and average roughness. The results show that the PEG doped anatase TiO2 film exhibits superhydrophilic characteristic, although it is not exposed to ultraviolet irradiation. Finally, the formation mechanism and the property–structure relationship were discussed in detail.

Impurities in InCl3 electrolyte increase during the course of continuous electrolytic refining of indium and affect the achievable purity of indium. In order to remove impurities, a method of purifying InCl3 electrolyte by ion exchange was investigated and the theoretical possibility of removing impurities by ion exchange is described in the present paper. It is shown that InCl3 electrolyte can be purified by basic anion exchange resin 717 (R≡N.Cl−). The optimum experimental conditions are as follows: indium 50–100 g L−1, hydrochloric acid 0·1 mol L−1 and space velocity 1 m3 m−3 h−1. The purity in InCl3 electrolyte can exceed 99·96% after purification by resin 717. Therefore, resin 717 is suggested as an excellent adsorption agent for purification of InCl3 electrolyte.