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Formation of mineral scales of carbonate and sulphate poses significant problems in cooling water systems. For the control of calcium carbonate and calcium sulphate scales, a novel environmentally friendly type of scale inhibitor ALn was synthesized. The antiscale property of the ALn copolymer towards CaCO3 and CaSO4 in the artificial cooling water was studied through static scale inhibition tests, The observation shows that both CaCO3 and CaSO4 inhibition increase with increasing the degree of polymerization of ALn from 5 to 15, and the dosage of ALn plays an important role on CaCO3 and CaSO4 inhibition. The effect on formation of CaCO3 and CaSO4 was investigated with combination of scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction analysis, respectively. Inhibition mechanism is proposed that the interactions between calcium and polyethylene glycol are the fundamental impetus to restrain the formation of the scale in cooling water systems.

The inhibition of calcite crystal growth by acrylic acid-allylpolyethoxy carboxylate-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid (AA-APEY-AMPS, PAYS for short) was investigated in the cooling-water system. The terpolymer was prepared via the copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA), allylpolyethoxy carboxylate (APEY) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), whose structures were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR. In this study, we have investigated the effect of the agent concentration and the ratio of the reactant. The experimental results show that AA-APEY-AMPS is an effective chelating scale inhibitor and it has high efficiency toward scales and nearly 90% for calcium carbonate and 100% for calcium sulfate. The produced crystals were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. It appears that the crystal shape, size, and the morphology of scale have changed apparently at the dosage of 5 mg/L. Based on the contrast experiment of the problem of scal...

Novel double-hydrophilic block copolymers, acrylic acid (AA)-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane sulfonate (AMPS)-oxalic acid-allypolyethoxy carboxylate (APEM) was specially designed and synthesized from allyloxy polyethoxy ether (APEG) to inhibit the precipitation of CaCO3 and CaSO4. The structure of the copolymer was characterized by FT-IR and H1-NMR. Using the static experiment method, the scale inhibition efficiencies for CaCO3 and CaSO4 scale were investigated. It was shown that AA-AMPS-APEM exhibited excellent ability to control inorganic minerals scales, with approximately 97.1% CaSO4 inhibition and displayed significant ability to prevent the formation of CaCO3 scales. The synthesized AA-AMPS-APEM was also compared with that of current commercial inhibitors. The effect of the copolymer addition on the crystals of CaCO3 and CaSO4 scales morphology and structures were examined through scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray diffraction studies (XRD). It proved...