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This work deals with evaluating the hydrogel prepared from copper-crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose as a controlled release system of fertilizer. In this respect, the behavior of gel was compared...

In the current study erythropoietin (EPO) loaded trimethyl chitosan/tripolyphosphate nanoparticles-embedded in a thermosensitive hydrogel was prepared. The influence of the main experimental factor...

The current study aimed to develop PEGylated trimethyl chitosan (TMC) coated emulsomes (EMs) conjugated with octreotide for targeted delivery of sorafenib to hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) of HepG2. Sorafenib loaded TMC coated EMs were prepared by the emulsion evaporation method and characterized concerning particle size, zeta potential, drug encapsulation efficiency, and

A major challenge in ocular therapeutics is poor bioavailability of drug, 1% or even less of the instilled dose is absorbed and frequent administration of conventional products leads to poor adherence to therapy. Hence, the present study is to synthesize N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC), a water-soluble chitosan derivative and to prepare flurbiprofen (FLU):hydroxyl propyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) complex-loaded nanoparticles for treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis which aims to increase the residence time in ocular tissue, thus enhancing patient compliance and improved efficacy.TMC was synthesized and characterized byN-methyl quaternization of CS was confirmed byThe developed TMC nanoparticles offered prolonged release potential for transmucosal ocular delivery of hydrophobic flurbiprofen.

The application of natural carbohydrate polysaccharides for antigen delivery and its adjuvanation potential has garnered interest in the scientific community in the recent years. These biomaterials are considered favorable candidates for adjuvant development due to their desirable properties like enormous bioavailability, non-toxicity, biodegradability, stability, affordability, and immunostimulating ability. Chitosan is the one such extensively studied natural polymer which has been appreciated for its excellent applications in pharmaceuticals. Trimethyl chitosan (TMC), a derivative of chitosan, possesses these properties. In addition it has the properties of high aqueous solubility, high charge density, mucoadhesive, permeation enhancing (ability to cross tight junction), and stability over a range of ionic conditions which makes the spectrum of its applicability much broader. It has also been seen to perform analogously to alum, complete Freund's adjuvant, incomplete Freund's adjuvant, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate adjuvanation, which justifies its role as a potent adjuvant. Although many review articles detailing the applications of chitosan in vaccine delivery are available, a comprehensive review of the applications of TMC as an adjuvant is not available to date. This article provides a comprehensive overview of structural and chemical properties of TMC which affect its adjuvant characteristics; the efficacy of various delivery routes for TMC antigen combination; and the recent advances in the elucidation of its mechanism of action.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of varying degrees of quaternization (DQ: 22, 35 and 41%) on the preparation and characterization of insulin (INS)-loaded polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) prepared by N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC). A two factor-five level central composite design was used for the optimization. The concentrations of INS and TMC were defined as independent variables, while the entrapment efficiency (EE%) and loading efficiency (LE%) as dependent variables. The three optimized INS-TMC PECs were characterized for their size, zeta potential, EE% and LE%. The morphology and electrostatic interaction of PECs were evaluated. Then, the stability in the enzyme solution and in vitro release as well as mucoadhesive properties of the three PECs were all investigated. The results showed that the size and EE% of the optimum formulations were significantly decreased using TMC of higher DQ, while the zeta potential and LE% were slightly influenced by DQ. The stability assay exhibited partial protection of TMC PECs, and the better protective effect was observed for PECs of higher DQ. The in vitro release study presented different initial and sustained release behaviors of INS-TMC PECs and the mucin adsorption study confirmed a positive correlation between the DQ and the mucoadhesive property of PECs.