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A thorough Human Factors Engineering (HFE) process was implemented to develop a new Teriparatide Pen for the treatment of osteoporosis. The pen provides a cost-effective treatment alternative to branded teriparatide pens. The HFE process ensured that the pen was safe and effective to use and fulfilled the regulatory requirements.The HFE process utilized a risk-based approach that included understanding the users and other use characteristics, preliminary analyses including a thorough risk assessment, a formative and two validation studies. The studies were carried out with intended users - patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals (HCPs) - in the form of simulated use assessments.The preliminary analyses supported the design of the pen's user interface, including its Instructions for Use (IFU). The formative study helped to optimize the user interface. The validation study results were largely favorable but indicated a minor scope for improvement. The IFU was therefore further improved, and a bridging validation study assessed the revised IFU and found it to be effective in supporting the correct use of the pen.The HFE process ensured and demonstrated that the Teriparatide Pen was safe and effective for its intended use.

Continuous adsorption experiments are carried out in a fixed-bed to evaluate the performance of a newly developed low-cost adsorbent (activated neem bark, ANB) for the removal of Cr(VI) along with other metal ions (Cu & Zn) from aqueous solutions. The effect of initial Cr(VI) concentration, mass of adsorbent and flow rate on the breakthrough curve are studied. It is observed that as there is an increase in the initial concentration of Cr(VI) from 50 to 100 mg L −1 , the mass of the adsorbent from 25 to 175 g, and flow rate from 5 to 15 mg L −1 , the breakthrough time decreases from 24.78 to 13.875 h, increase from 9.25 to 111.66 h and decrease from 35.09 to 8.26 h, respectively. The effect on the performance of the ANB for Cr(VI) adsorption is also studied in the presence of Cu and Zn. The breakthrough time is achieved earlier in the presence of Cu and Zn in the feed stream. The fixedbed adsorption process parameters such as saturation loading capacity, breakthrough time, total percentage removal of Cr(VI), the fraction of unused bed length, adsorption exhaustion rate and empty bed residence time are calculated for different experimental runs. The experimental results are likewise applied to the Yoon‐Nelson and the Yan kinetic models. The kinetic parameters for both the models are calculated and reported in this study.

An aerobic mixed culture collected in the form of activated sludge was enriched for Cr(VI) reduction. An indigenous microorganism was isolated from the enriched aerobic mixed culture and identified as Pseudomonas taiwanensis. Bioremediation studies were carried out for treating Cr(VI)-contaminated wastewater using the indigenous microorganism. The kinetic studies were carried out for initial Cr(VI) concentrations ranging from 20 to 200 mg L−1. The maximum consumption of Cr(VI) obtained was 108.3 mg L−1 for an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 150 mg L−1 at a solution pH of 7.0. The effect of nutrient dosage and pH were studied to get their optimum values. The same isolated bacterial strain was also used to treat Cr(VI)-contaminated industrial wastewater collected from a local plating industry. Various growth kinetic models, such as Monod, Powell, Haldane, Luong, and Edward models, were fitted with the obtained experimental data. The obtained results for different growth kinetic models indicate that ...

Chitosan being a biodegradable material would be an eco-friendly and effective alternative in the cleaning up of oil spills. In the present study, adsorbent (Chitosan) was prepared from the seafood industry waste, prawn shells for removal of oil from aqueous solution. Batch experiments were carried out to study the kinetics for the removal of oil from oil–water solutions using chitosan. The effect of various influencing parameters such as contact time, pH, initial concentration, and mass of adsorbent were studied. The equilibrium time for adsorption of oil on chitosan was obtained as 6 min. The maximum capacity of chitosan to adsorb oil from oil–water solution was found to be 17.96 g g−1 of adsorbent. The removal efficiency was observed to be higher in the acidic medium. The adsorption properties of chitosan have been attributed mainly to its positive charge. The equilibrium data was tested with the Langmuir isotherm and excellent correlation was obtained.

In the present study, activated flyash — a low-cost adsorbent, is used as for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions. Flyash is activated by giving heat treatment and with the use of concentrated sulfuric acid (98% w/w). Batch adsorption experiments are carried out to investigate the effect of influencing process parameters such as initial pH, change in pH during adsorption, contact time, adsorbent amount, and initial Cr(VI) concentration. The maximum adsorption of Cr(VI) on activated flyash is found at an initial pH value of 1. The value of pH increases with increase in adsorption of Cr(VI). The equilibrium data for adsorption of Cr(VI) on activated flyash is tested with different adsorption isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich—Peterson, Koble—Corrigan, Tempkin, Dubinin—Radushkevich and generalized isotherm models. The Koble—Corrigon isotherm model is found to be the most suitable one for Cr(VI) adsorption using activated flyash. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained is 21.9 mg g−1 at ...

The design procedure for a single layer thin sheet microwave absorber which exhibits broad band characteristics is described in this communication. Using the proposed design approach, single layer absorbers of thickness less than 7mm in S-band, 5mm in C-band, 4mm in X-band & 3mm in Ku-band to give a minimum 1OdB absorptions over their entire respective bands, have been theoretically designed. Barium Hexa-ferrite as the radar absorbing material and rubber as binderare used in the design. Based on the design detail, a thin sheet absorber for entire Ku-band operation has been fabricated and tested. The practically obtained results for absorptions agree very closely with the theoretically predicted values. This order of absorptions and bandwidth were so far achieved by the use of multilayered absorbers rather than a single layer as in proposed design. These types of absorbing sheets are very useful in military applications for reducing radar cross section.