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Rungia pectinata is an important traditional Chinese herbal medicine from the family Acanthaceae. The complete chloroplast genome (cp genome) of the genus Rungia was sequenced for the first time. T...

Justicia leptostachya is an endemic species in China. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of J. leptostachya was generated by de novo assembly using whole genome next generation sequen...

Aphelandra knappiae is an important plant from the family Acanthaceae. The complete chloroplast genome of the genus Aphelandra was sequenced for the first time. The plastome of A. knappiae was 152,...

This article investigates the limit cycles within type-1 linear systems under PID-type of relay feedback. The problem is generalised from the identification of friction models of servo mechanical systems via limit-cycle experiments under dual-channel relay feedback. Locations of limit cycles are given so that the exact durations between two consecutive switchings of relays can be determined via numerical computation. After this, local stability of limit cycles can be checked via the Jacobian of Poincare map. Examples are analysed using proposed theorems.

A pedestrian contact sensor in the car bumper is a potential solution to trigger an active hood system. Because of the high level of temperature dependency for the bumper foam stiffness, the sensor output can be unstable at varying temperatures. A new contact sensor was, therefore, developed to provide a temperature-independent measurement for pedestrian impacts. This study analysed the performance of the bumper-pedestrian contact sensor system. First, a baseline finite element (FE) bumper model of a production car was developed and validated. On the basis of the baseline model, an improved bumper model was subsequently developed to meet the requirements of the lower leg form impact tests proposed by Working Group 17 of the European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee. Second, an FE human lower extremity model was developed. Using this model, the baseline and improved bumper models were further evaluated in terms of the predicted knee ligament raptures and long bone fractures. Finally, the new contact sensor was built into the improved bumper model. A performance study was then conducted to evaluate the sensor effectiveness. Consequently, a better diameter for the sensor tube was identified in terms of the temperature stability and mass sensitivity of the sensor output.

This paper presents a control algorithm for a platoon of vehicles. We employ the radial basis function neural networks (NNs) to approximate unknown vehicle dynamics. A direct adaptive method used to update the NN weights on-line is proposed. It is shown that the proposed controller is of the decentralized type and ensures platoon stability. The performance of the controller is illustrated by simulations.

In this paper, we present a decentralized neural network (NN) adaptive technique for control of robot manipulators in the presence of unknown non-linear functions. Radial basis function NNs are used to approximate the non-linear functions to include the case of both parametric and dynamic uncertainty in each subsystem. The robustifying terms are added to the controllers to overcome the effects of the interconnections. The stability can be guaranteed by using a rigid proof. Finally, simulation is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

In this article, we develop a predictive controller for ram velocity of an injection-molding machine. First, we select a state model with process disturbances to design the predictive controller. Second, by making use of a steady-state Kalman filter suggested by Kwon et al., an observer is presented to predict the process states. Next, we discuss the closed-loop characteristics of the proposed controller. Finally, simulations results reveal that the proposed control has a good setpoint tracking performance and disturbance rejection.

In this paper, we develop a completely self-contained controller (SCC) for implementing all functions of autonomous intelligent cruise control (AICC). SCC consists of two modules: the decision module analyses the current scenario and infers control mode that associates with a certain manoeuvre; the control module implements the command provided by the decision. A rule-based logic is used in the decision to infer an appropriate manoeuvre. To execute the manoeuvre, a control scheme in the control module is designed to implement this task. It is proven that the proposed SCC can avoid slink-effect occurring when a vehicle string is moving on a highway. Examples are given to show that SCC can handle all possible traffic scenarios with satisfactory performance. The potential flow increases when all vehicles on a highway equipped with the proposed controller are examined by running a highway simulator in which the traffic is under very realistic assumptions.

The performance analysis of vehicle following integrated control between the throttles and the brakes is important for platoon design. In this paper, we propose an integrated control within throttles and brakes for vehicle following systems. We assume that the control states of lead vehicle, such as throttles or brakes, can be transmitted to the following vehicles. Every following vehicle then determines the switching by the use of the lead state. Based on this switching policy, we derive a sufficient condition for individual vehicle stability. Furthermore, we study the platoon performance and then give conditions for avoiding slinky-effects. Simulations show that the proposed method can help achieve the platoon performance.

In this paper, we study the robust stability of a linear system with uncertainties. By considering the. sign of the uncertain bounds and utilizing matrix measures, an improved result of robust stability is presented. Furthermore, the proposed method is extended to linear time-delay systems with uncertainties. Several examples are given to illustrate the advantages of the presented method.

Actuator delays can substantially degrade the performance of vehicle following control. In this paper, we investigate the control design problem of vehicle following systems with actuator delay. The main requirement in designing such systems is to ensure the stability of the individual vehicle and that there are no slinky-effects in the platooning. Based on Lyapounov's method, we first construct a constant bound for the time delay to guarantee the individual vehicle stability. Next, we derive a condition for achieving no slinky-effects. Finally, we prove that the proposed control laws can achieve zero steady state errors