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The New Zealand psyllid fauna is characterised by a large number of endemic Triozidae. These species have been subject to changes in generic placement through their taxonomic history. Powellia Mask...

A new family, genus and species of scale insect is described from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. The male specimen of Macrodrilus bostrychus gen et sp. nov. in the new family Macrodrilidae (Hemipter...

Liu, X., Qiao, G.X., Yao, Y. & Ren, D., 28 March 2019. A new species of the aphid family Burmitaphididae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphidomorpha) from Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber. Alcheringa 43...

To penetrate tree bark, arboreal aphids of the genus Stomaphis Walk. (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Lachninae) have proboscides up to three times their body length. Our observations of S. quercus (...

International audience; Fossil wing of Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha with peculiar venation is described from the lower Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) of Bascharage (Grand-duchy of Luxembourg). It represents new family Xulsigiidae fam. nov., comprising a new genus and species Xulsigia karetsa gen. et sp. nov. It is placed preliminarily in extinct infraorder Pincombeomorpha for the presence of three branches of median vein. Key to families of Pincombeomorpha is given and the taxonomic position and venation features of the new fossil are discussed.

SummaryBecause correct identification of insects is crucial for pest management involving chemical or biological control agents, we have used a molecular approach to identify and characterize specimens of the cotton pest Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae) present in different regions of Pakistan. The specimens were analyzed through DNA sequence analysis of their mitochondrial COI (mtCOI) gene using an improved procedure that could distinguish between the pest and its associated parasitoid. Our analysis showed no variation among the mealybug specimens from different geographical locations of Pakistan and confirmed that this is the same species and haplotype that is infesting cotton plants in other parts of Asia. This information will assist in the development of biological control programs against P. solenopsis in Pakistan and other Asian countries.

The Chinese Cacopsylla species associated with Spiraea are revised. Three new species (Cacopsylla falcata sp. nov., C. nocturna sp. nov. and C. qilianensis sp. nov.) are described, and two [C. hyalinonemae Li and Yang, 1989 and C. spiraeicola (Li, 2011) comb. nov.] are redescribed. A new combination is also proposed for Cacopsylla tetrotaenialis (Li and Yang, 1989) comb. nov. Among the five species, C. falcata and C. qilianensis are affirmed to develop on Spiraea, as fifth instar immatures were found. The host plants of the other species remain uncertain. Based on morphological grounds, it is suggested that C. falcata and C. nocturna are closely related, but that the five species associated with Spiraea do not constitute a monophyletic group.

Yang, G., Yao, Y.Z. & Ren, D., iFirst. Poljanka strigosa, a new species of Protopsyllidiidae (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha) from the Middle Jurassic of China. Alcheringa, 1–6. ISSN 0311-5518. A new fossil species, Poljanka strigosa sp. nov., of the extinct family Protopsyllidiidae is described from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia, China. The new species is characterized by wings bearing long, stiff setae that are evident as stained impressions in the fine sedimentary rock. Comparison between Protopsyllidiidae and extant psylloids suggests that Protopsyllidiidae is probably closely related to extant psylloids.

The Thysanoptera and sternorrhynchous Hemiptera induce galls through feeding action, a behavior similar to that in the Cecidomyiidae. Salivary glands of gall-founding female thrips include greater quantities of hydrolyzing enzymes and soluble proteins than those in either males or pupae, which possibly alter the host-tissue metabolism, enabling galls to develop. Piercing-and-sucking mouthparts of the Hemiptera are adapted for an exclusively liquid diet – either the plant sap from vascular elements or the fluids from living nonvascular cells. Hemipteran-salivary chemistry alters the hormonal balance in the host, triggering gall development. Soluble proteins in the saliva of nymphs are critical. Gall-inducing Hemiptera vigorously take oxygen from the ‘gall’ tissue, which triggers auxin activity. Gall-inducing behaviors in the Thysanoptera and Sternorrhyncha are similar in that gall induction occurs by the feeding action of a single female, and gall-founding females disperse over short distances seeking youn...

This study presents the list of aphid species (family Aphididae, a total of 102 species representing 49 genera) collected in the Gorodok Highland (Belarus) in 1996, 2000, 2002, 2007 and 2008 with comments on their distribution. 17 species are new for the aphid fauna of Belarus. The list of aphid species of the Belarusian fauna has been extended to include 343 species. Comments on host specificity and key morphological characters of the Belarusian populations of Macrosiphum knautiae and M. rosae are given.

This work is an assessment of the biogeographical, taxonomic, biological and phylogenetic knowledge of the poorly defined family Eriococcidae. The study of its geographical diversity shows the richness of the Palearctic fauna on which the present analysis focuses. The numerous systems dealing with the taxonomy of Eriococcidae are detailed, and the specific taxonomical status of the genus Eriococcus, which contains 155 out of the 175 known Palearctic species is reevaluated. The phylogeny of the palaearctic members of the scale insect family Eriococcidae is reconstructed, using 9 genera and 52 species. Three more scale insect species belonging to 3 families were used as outgroups. The cladistic analysis of 130 morphological characters of the adults resulted in 10 most parsimonious trees, placing Eriococcus buxi as the sister-group of all other sampled Eriococcidae. The genera Acanthococcus, Rhizococcus, Greenisca and Anophococcus appear as para- or polyphyletic, but the weakness of most of the clad...

This study presents the list of aphid species (families Aphididae and Adelgidae, a total of 108 species of 49 genera) collected in the Curonian Spit (Lithuania) in 1985, 1988, 1989, 1991 and 2004 with comments on their distribution. Twenty five species are new to the aphid fauna of Lithuania and 12 species to the entire eastern Baltic region. One species – Schizaphis muhlenbergiae – is reported for the first time from Europe and the Palaearctic region. The Curonian Spit so far is the northernmost finding place of Aphis psammophila, Macrosiphoniella hillerislambersi, Macrosiphum ptericolens and Periphyllus singeri. Comments on the morphological peculiarities and/or biological characters of the local samples of Megoura litoralis, Schizaphis muhlenbergiae, Titanosiphon minkiewiczi, Xerobion judenkoi and Aphis psammophila are given.

The aphid genus Pentatrichosiphum Basu, 1969 is reviewed. Pentatrichosiphum longirostrum n. sp. from Lauraceae in Hainan, China is described. Pentatrichosiphum luteum Basu, 1969 is recorded for the first time from China, the first record of this genus. Some hitherto unknown morphs of P. luteum are described. The genus is redefined and keys to the four known species worldwide are also provided. The taxonomic status of Pentatrichosiphum is discussed based on morphological characters. Type specimens are deposited in the Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (ZMCAS).

The species of Encarsia Forster known from Australia are revised. This study is based mainly on material collected over the last 10 years. Ninety‐four species are recognized, including 38 new species, and seven new records for Australia. All species are fully described or diagnosed, and illustrated by microphotographs. Seven new specific synonymies are proposed and two lectotypes are designated. A key to the females of Australian species of Encarsia is provided. The known hosts and distribution are summarized. The diversity of the Australian Encarsia fauna is discussed.

Porphyrophora is one of several hypogeal genera in the scale insect family Margarodidae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea). Historically, it has been of great economic importance as a source of carmine dye but has been superseded by artificial aniline dyes. Some Porphyrophora species are currently important crop pests, particularly in western Asia. However, adult female Porphyrophora are all remarkably uniform in structure and are difficult to identify. The present paper redescribes the adult females of 24 species of Porphyrophora from Europe, the Middle East and North Africa and describes 3 new species (P. chelodonta Vahedi, P. jakubskii Vahedi and P. jashenkoi Vahedi). A key is provided to separate the species of Porphyrophora covered here. It is considered that P. cynodontis (Archangelskaia) is probably a synonym of P. hamelii Brandt although this synonymy is not being formally introduced here.

The aim of this paper was to summarise the present knowledge about Cryptomyzus species in Lithuania. Seven species of the genus Cryptomyzus are listed: C. alboapicalis, C. galeopsidis, C. korschelti, C. leonuri, C. ribis, C. stachydis and C. ulmeri, the latter being a new species to the Lithuanian fauna. Three more European species are expected to be found in Lithuania, because their host plants are present in the country. The species complex C. galeopsidis represents a particular problem in Lithuania, because the key characters offered by Guldemond (1991a) for discrimination between aphid species appeared to be of little use when considering Lithuanian material.

The ground pearls comprise the scale insect family Margarodidae s. str., and are subterranean plant sucking parasites on roots of a wide variety of plants. Some ground pearls are serious destructive pests of grape vines, sugar cane, oil palms, cotton or lawn grass around the world. Both female and male development is characterised by an apodous, feeding 2nd-instar nymph, called a cyst. The cyst is primarily circular and often colourful, shiny, metallic or pearl-like, from which the common name “ground pearls” is derived. Other unique features are the strongly developed prothoracic legs for digging, the construction of a protective test from their own liquid excreta in which the cyst is enclosed and a behavioral adaptation by modification of their life-cycle to survive in adverse environmental conditions. The 10 genera, currently include 105 species, form a monophyletic group with a worldwide distribution. First-instar nymphs and cysts are feeding instars; however, adults male and females lack mou...

Resume Les Matsucoccidae du bassin Mediterraneen avec une liste mondiale des especes (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) – Les Cochenilles matsucoccides, dont certaines sont tres nuisibles, vivent dans l’hemisphere Nord, ou elles sont phytophages, s’alimentant exclusivement sur Pinus spp. La revision taxonomique des especes mediterraneennes a permis de confirmer leur statut d’especes valides, malgre les variations importantes de certains caracteres morphologiques dependant des facteurs environnementaux. Pour la redescription et l’illustration du genre, Matsucoccus matsumurae Kuwana, l’espece type du genre, du Japon a ete utilisee. Les especes Mediterraneennes, M. feytaudi, M. pini et M.josephi sont redecrites et illustrees. Une clef pour leur identification est proposee en utilisant des caracteres morphologiques et des donnees quantifiees. Chez M. feytaudi, tous les stades du developpement, mâle et femelle, sont examines et illustres. Les lectotypes de M. feytaudi et M. pini sont designes. Des informat...

The first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) from Guangzhou, China, is presented. The circular mitogenome is 14,996 bp in length with an A + T content of 74.5%, and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes (tRNAs), two rRNA genes and an AT-rich control region. Synteny was identical to the ancestral insect mitogenomes. All PCGs start with ‘ATN’ codons. Eleven PCGs use the complete termination codons (‘TAA’ or ‘TAG’), while the remaining two (cox2 and nad5) use a single ‘T’ as the stop codon. All tRNAs have the typical cloverleaf structure, except for trnTrp which lacks the variable arm and trnSer (AGN) which lacks the dihydrouridine arm. A phylogenetic tree, including 12 members of Sternorrhyncha, was constructed based on the 13 PCGs sequences. The resulting phylogenetic tree matched the established taxonomic scheme based on morphology.

Aphid species Panaphis juglandis (Goeze), Aphis nepetae Kalt., Dysaphis tulipae (B. de F.) and Myzus (Nectarosiphon) ascalonicus Donc. are recorded for the fauna of Lithuania for the first time with comments on their general distribution areas, life cycles, host specificity and potential harmfulness.

Azuraleurodicus pentarthrus Martin gen. and sp. n. is described from three different host plant families in Central and northern South America. Adults of both sexes were reared in culture and adult characters are discussed in addition to those of puparia. The systematic position of Azuraleurodicus within the Aleurodicinae is discussed. One new combination, Aleuronudus ferrisi (Sampson and Drews) comb. n., is here proposed in the course of discussion. The secretion of blue wax by whiteflies is discussed and illustrated by colour photographs. Two species of hymenopterous parasitoids, Dirphys aphania Polaszek sp. n. and Encarsiella pithecura, Polaszek sp. n. emerged from puparia of Azuraleurodicus pentarthrus and are here described.

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Poratrioza sinica (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) has been sequenced and annotated in this study. This mitogenome is 14,863 bp in length with an A + T content of 72.0%, and contains 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes that are arranged in the same order as that of the putative ancestral insect mitogenome. All protein-coding genes start with ATN codons except for nad5, which uses TTG as the initial codon. All the transfer RNA genes have the typical cloverleaf structure, except for trnS1 (AGN) which lacks the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm. The control region is 700 bp in length with 82.4% A + T content. This is the second completely sequenced mitogenome from the family Psyllidae of Hemiptera.