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We intend to investigate the indications, complications, and final results of amniotic membrane (AM) transplantation in ocular motility restrictions. Surgeons have tried to prevent restrictive adhesions between the extraocular muscles and surrounding tissues because they cause unpredictable results. AM transplantation wrapping extraocular musculature has been proposed as a technique with good results for this purpose. A search was carried out in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Clinicaltrial, Lilac and Ibecs databases, using the indexed terms" amnion", "strabismus," "strabismus-subheading-surgery" and "ocular motility disorders." The only exclusion criteria were studies conducted in non-humans or studies with insufficient data on eye motility. No study was discarded for analysis because of language, age or methodology. This review includes 165 patients (223 eyes), with a mean follow-up of 11.49 months. The mean age was 21 years old, 47% were males and 57% were children. 14 studies conducted in humans were eligible: 4 single case, 8 case series, 1 cohort study and 1 randomized clinical trial. In the vast majority of these papers, use of AM transplantation to treat (12 out of 14 papers) or either to prevent (2 out of 14 papers) motility restrictions or restrictive strabismus secondary to muscular adhesions. All the studies except one presents very favorable results improving postsurgical eye motility. The cryopreservation method was more widely used, presenting a good safety profile with few adverse effects in the short and medium term. Significant improvement was reported in most patients after the use of amniotic membrane transplantation to treat or prevent ocular motility limitations. Very few complications or adverse effects were documented.

Recurrent glioblastomas (GBs) are highly aggressive tumors associated with a 6–8 mo survival rate. In this study, we evaluated the possible benefits of an immunotherapeutic strategy based on mature dendritic cells (D cs) loaded with autologous tumor-cell lysates in 15 patients affected by recurrent GB. The median progression-free survival ( pFs) of this patient cohort was 4.4 mo, and the median overall survival (O s) was 8.0 mo. p atients with small tumors at the time of the first vaccination (< 20 cm 3 ; n = 8) had significantly longer p Fs and Os than the other patients (6.0 vs. 3.0 mo, p = 0.01; and 16.5 vs. 7.0 mo, p = 0.003, respectively). c D8 + T cells, cD56 + natural killer (NK) cells and other immune parameters, such as the levels of transforming growth factor β , vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin-12 and interferon γ (IFN γ), were measured in the peripheral blood and serum of patients before and after immunization, which enabled us to obtain a vaccination/baseline ratio (V/B ratio). an increased V/B ratio for NK cells, but not cD8 + T cells, was significantly associated with prolonged pFs and Os. patients exhibiting NK-cell responses were characterized by high levels of circulating IFN γ and e4Bp4, an NK-cell transcription factor. Furthermore, the NK cell V/B ratio was inversely correlated with the TGF β2 and VeGF V/B ratios. These results suggest that tumor-loaded D cs may increase the survival rate of patients with recurrent GB after effective tumor debulking, and emphasize the role of the NK-cell response in this therapeutic setting.