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The approval of major infrastructure and industrial developments is often dependent on the results of environmental and social impact assessments (EIA and SIA, respectively). Depending on the recommendations of ‘experts’ undertaking the assessments, projects are approved, rejected or modified to take account of unintended negative consequences. In practice, there are pressures on consultants to come up with favourable results, and unfavourable results are often ignored. These pressures may be subtle. For example, because consultants are usually employed by somebody with an interest in seeing projects go ahead, any consultant with a reputation for being too negative is unlikely to get work. The present paper explores issues faced by anthropologists in SIA, as well as the structure of interests within which SIA is carried out, and ways in which ethical dilemmas can be negotiated. It asks whether simply opting out of the process altogether is an ethical option preferable to critical engagement.

Capillary electrophoresis with a polyacrylamide-coated capillary was used for the separation of proteins, and the study of protein-small molecule and protein-DNA interactions. The coating (10% T polyacrylamide) is of sufficient thickness and hydrophilicity to reduce protein adsorption and eliminate electroosmotic flow. Data on the effect of sample solvent constituents on the peak shape and position of protein solutes was investigated. The results show that CE is a relevant and fast technique for the study of protein-DNA and protein-drug interaction. Also, the addition of TRIS-buffer to the sample solution resulted in the CE focusing of some basic proteins, while others were not affected.

The ets-1 protein has been primarily studied as a sequence-specific transcriptional regulator that is predominately expressed in lymphoid cells. In this report, we show that ets-1 is also expressed in astrocytes and astrocytoma cells and is regulated during both signal transduction and differentiation. Both isoforms of ets-1, p51 and p42, were found in astrocytes and astrocytoma cells, but whereas expression of p51 was strong, p42, the alternate splice product previously shown to lack the phosphorylation domain, was difficult to detect and was present at a level 10- to 40-fold lower than that of p51. This differed by roughly an order of magnitude from the ratio generally observable in T cells and thymocytes. In two astrocytoma lines of human origin, CCF and 1321N1, ets-1 phosphorylation was stimulated by bradykinin and carbachol, respectively. Glutamate, norepinephrine, and bradykinin elicited phosphorylation of p51 in cultures of primary rat type 1 astrocytes. ets-1 phosphorylation was dramatically blocked by KT5926, an inhibitor of myosin light-chain kinase, suggesting that this kinase may be involved in phosphorylation of ets-1 in vivo. Investigations of retinoic acid-induced differentiation in P19 cells provided further support for a strong correlation of ets-1 with the pathway for astrocyte differentiation.

One limitation of prior research in channel power is the absence of a conceptual framework which provides insights into the potential for firms to influence intra-channel power relations. This article develops the concept of customer-based channel power and introduces attribution theory as a framework to provide insights into channel power relationships. Specifically, channel members' marketing strategies are shown to influence consumer attributions which, in turn, influence the customer-based channel power of the respective channel members. The issue is important because firms with higher levels of channel power increase their ability to influence marketing decisions of other channel members and may more effectively implement their own strategies. Propositions are developed as guidelines for future research.

Tourism, as a significant form of interaction between nations and cultures, has the potential to improve intercultural relations. This paper develops and tests a model of the relationship between i...

War, violence, and population: making the body count James A. Tyner, 2009 Guilford Press, New York and London 226 + i–xi pp. Notes, references and index. Foreword by Chris Philo ISBN 978-1-60623-03...

The human ets-2 gene is a homolog of the v-ets oncogene of the E26 virus and codes for a 56-kilodalton nuclear protein. The ets-2 protein is phosphorylated and has a rapid turnover, with a half-life of 20 min. When human lymphocytic CEM cells were treated with the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the level of the ets-2 protein was quickly elevated 5- to 20-fold. This effect of TPA was mimicked by a synthetic diacylglycerol, 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl glycerol, and was blocked by the protein kinase C inhibitor H7, indicating that protein kinase C is involved in the induction. The increase in the ets-2 protein was due to stabilization of the protein, because the protein had a half-life of more than 2 h in the presence of TPA and the ets-2 mRNA level did not increase significantly upon TPA treatment. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide enhanced the effect of TPA on the ets-2 protein and could itself slow turnover of the protein. Properties of the ets-2 protein, such as nuclear localization, phosphorylation, rapid turnover, and response to protein kinase C, indicate that this protein belongs to a group of oncogene proteins which are generally thought to have regulatory functions in the nucleus (e.g., myc, fos, myb, and p53). Our results suggest that protein kinase C, either directly or indirectly, regulates the level of the ets-2 protein by posttranslational mechanisms.

Modern Food Microbiology, Third Edition. J.M. Jay. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 115 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10003. 642 pp. 1986. $29.95 (US). Title: Fermentation and Biochemical Engineering Handbook; Principles, Process Design, and Equipment Author(s): Henry C. Vogel (Editor) Publisher: Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ. 1986 Principles of Fermentation Technology P.F. Stanbury and A. Whitaker Pergamon Press Inc., Elm3ford, NY, USA 225 pp., 1984, $19.25 (soft cover), $48.00 (hard cover) Biotechnology in Agricultural Chemistry H.M. Le Baron, R.O. Mumma, R.C. Honeycutt and J.H. Duesing (eds) ACS Symposium Series 33t, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 367 pp., 1987, $64.95 (US) Supercritical Fluids ‐ Chemical and Engineering Principles and Applications T.G. Squires and M.E. Paulaitis (Editors) ACS Symposium Series #329, 294pp., $59.95 (US & Canada), $71.95 (Export) Title: Biogeneration of aromas. Authors: Parliment, T. H. and R. Croteau (Editors) Publishers: ACS Symposium Series, Washington, DC, 1986 Titl...