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Field trial was conducted to study the effect of nanofertilizer and biofertilizer on physicochemical properties and grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different irrigation levels. Th...

A pot experiment evaluated the effect of seed vigour and biopriming with Trichoderma harzianum on growth of soybean seedlings under NaCl stress. The Trichoderma isolate was more effective in improving the emergence rate of seedlings produced from high-vigour seeds under saline conditions. Seedlings obtained from bioprimed vigorous seeds had a significantly higher root and shoot length as well as leaf greenness than the control group at all salinity concentrations. The treatment, non-aged high-vigour seeds showed a greater accumulation of proline in the roots and leaves of the pre-treated seedlings under saline conditions. The highest catalase activity was observed in the root and the leaf of the bioprimed low-vigour seed lot at a salt stress level of 6 dS/m. A similar pattern of guaiacol peroxidase activity was induced in root and leaf of seedlings obtained from pre-treated high-vigour seeds in response to NaCl stress. It can be deduced that seed invigoration with Trichoderma harzianum diminished ...

In order to evaluate the effects of nano Zn-Fe oxide and bio fertilizer on physiological traits, antioxidant activity and yield of wheat under salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on RCBD with three replications.Treatments were included salinity in three levels (no-salt, salinity 25 and 50 mM NaCl), four bio fertilizers levels (no bio fertilizer, seed inoculation by Azotobacter, Azosperilium, Pseudomonas) and nano oxide (without nano, application of nano Zn oxide, nano Fe oxide and nano Fe-Zn oxide 1.5 g/lit). Salinty stress decreased the chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll, photochemical efficiency of PSII and yield of wheat, whearas electrical conductivity, soluble sugars, proline content, and the activities of Catalase (CAT), Peroxidase (POD) and Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) enzymes increased. Similar results were observed in CAT, POD and PPO activities due to inoculation by bio fertilizers and nano oxide. Maximum of soluble sugars and proline content were observed in the highest salinity level and application of Pseudomonas. Application of nano Zn-Fe oxide increased about 17.40% from grain yield in comparision with no application of nano oxide in the highest salinity level. Generally, it was conducted that bio fertilizer and nano oxide can be used as a proper tool for increasing wheat yield under salinity condition.

In order to study the effects of biofertilizers and cycocel on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under salinity condition, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications under greenhouse condition in 2015. Treatments were included salinity in four levels [no salt (control or S0), salinity 30 (S1), 60 (S2) and 90 (S3) mM NaCl equivalent of 2.76, 5.53 and 8.3 dS m−1, respectively], four biofertilizers levels [no biofertilizer (F0), seed inoculation by Azotobacter chrocoocum strain 5 (F1), Pseudomonas putida strain 186 (F2), both inoculation Azotobacter + Pseudomonas (F3)] and three cycocel levels [without cycocel as control (C0), application of 600 (C1) and 1000 (C2) mg L−1]. Results showed that salinity severe stress (90 mM) decreased chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), total chlorophyll, photochemical efficiency of PSII and yield of wheat. Whereas, soluble sugars and proline cont...

In order to study antioxidant status and physiological responses of wheat to cycocel (CCC) and bio fertilizers application under water limitation condition, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2015. Treatments included water limitation in three levels [normal irrigation (I1) as control; moderate water limitation (I2) or irrigation withholding at 50% of heading stage; severe water limitation (I3) or irrigation withholding at 50% of booting stage]; four bio fertilizer levels [(no bio fertilizer (F0), seed inoculation by Azotobacter chrocoocum strain 5 (F1), Pseudomonas putida strain 186 (F2), Azotobacter + Pseudomonas (F3))] and four CCC levels [(without CCC as control (C0), application of 400 (C1), 800 (C2) and 1200 (C3) mg/l)]. The results showed that water limitation decreased the chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, stomata conductance, leaf area index (LAI) and relative water content of wheat, but acti...

In order to study bio fertilizers and zinc effects on some physiological parameters of triticale under a water-limitation condition, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2014 and 2015. Experimental factors consisted of three irrigation treatments [normal irrigation (W0); moderate water limitation (W1) and severe water limitation (W2)]; four bio fertilizers’ levels [(no bio fertilizer (F0), application of mycorrhiza (F1), plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (F2) and both application PGPR and mycorrhiza (F3)] and four nano zinc oxide levels [(without nano zinc oxide (Zn0) as control, application of 0.3 (Zn1), 0.6 (Zn2) and 0.9 (Zn3) g L−1)]. Results showed that water limitation decreased chlorophyll content, relative water content, stomatal conductance, quantum yield and grain yield of triticale, whereas electrical conductivity and the activity of catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) and polyphenol oxi...

The chemical composition of essential oil of Matricaria chamomilla was determined at four irrigation regimes (irrigation after 25, 50, 75, and 100 mm evaporation from class A pan, I1, I2, I3, and I4, respectively) under five plant densities (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm intra-row spacing with constant inter-row spacing of 30 cm, D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5, respectively). Results of gas chromatography mass spectroscopy analyses of essential oil showed that the main components in all treatments were azulene-7-ethyl-1,4-dimethyl (chamazulene), limonene, bisabolol oxides A and B, trans-β-farnesene, bisabolone oxide and isobornyl isobutyrate . Analysis of variance for 33 constituents showed differences in Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate, Chamazulene, para-cymene, trans-β-ocimene and β–selinene. The highest concentrations of Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (0.29%) and β–selinene (0.08%) were obtained from I1 and I2, and the lowest from I3 (0.17%) and I4 (0.02%), respectively. The highest concentrations of Chama...