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Introduction The efficacy of long-acting bronchodilators for COPD associated with biomass (BE-COPD) has not been properly evaluated. Objective To determine the acute effect of indacaterol (IND) 150 μg q.d and tiotropium (TIO) 18 μg q.d. on lung hyperinflation, walking distance (WD) and dyspnea during the six-minute walking test (6MWT) in moderate BE-COPD at 30, 60 and 240 mins post-drug administration. Design Randomized, controlled, open-level, crossover noninferiority clinical trial. Forty-two women with BE-COPD were randomly assigned to a bronchodilator sequence: IND-TIO or vice versa. Results There were statistically significant changes over time in inspiratory capacity (IC) (p

The aim of this study was to determine differences in executive function between “healthy” patients smokers and nonsmoker’s and also determine the differences in executive functions before and afte...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and multifactorial disease with a strong genetic component. Our objective is to identify the genetic variants associated with COPD risk and its severity in Mexican Mestizo population. We evaluated 1285 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of candidate genes in 299 smokers with COPD (COPD-S) and 531 smokers without COPD (SWOC) using an Illumina GoldenGate genotyping microarray. In addition, 251 ancestry informative markers were included. Allele A of rs2545771 in CYP2F2P is associated with a lower risk of COPD (p = 4.02E-10, odds ratio [OR] = 0.104, confidence interval [CI] 95% 0.05-0.18). When the COPD group was stratified by severity according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD; levels III + IV vs. I + II), 3 SNPs (rs4329505 and rs4845626 in interleukin 6 receptor [IL6R] and rs1422794 in a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 19 [ADAM19]) were associated with a lower risk of suffering the most severe stages of the disease. rs2819096 in the surfactant protein D (SFTPD) gene was associated with a higher risk of COPD GOLD III + IV (p = 7.79E-03, OR = 1.80, CI 95% 1.16-2.79). Finally, the haplotype in IL6R was associated with a lower risk of suffering from more severe COPD, whereas the haplotype in ADAM19 was associated with a higher risk (p = 7.40E-03, OR = 2.83, CI 95% 1.20-6.86) of suffering from the severe stages of the disease. Our data suggest that there are alleles and haplotypes in the IL6R, ADAM19, and SFTPD genes associated with different severity stages of COPD; in CYP2F2P, rs25455771 is associated with a lower risk of COPD.

Tobacco smoking is the primary risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, recent epidemiological studies have established domestic exposure to wood smoke and other biomass fuels as additional important risk factors, characteristic in developing countries. Oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms concerned with pathogenesis of COPD. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the onset and progress of COPD associated with biomass and specifically that derived from wood smoke exposure remain unknown. We analyzed the relationship between forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV(1)) with plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in COPD patients associated with wood smoke (WSG; n = 30), tobacco smoking (TSG; n = 30), and healthy control subjects (HCG; n = 30). Differences between FEV(1) from WSG and TSG (58 +/- 22% and 51 +/- 24%, respectively) with HCG (100 +/- 6%) were observed (P < 0.01). Plasma MDA concentration was higher in both WSG and TSG (1.87 +/- 0.81 and 1.68 +/- 0.82 nmol/mL, respectively) compared with HCG (0.42 +/- 0.17 nmol/mL; P < 0.01). SOD activity showed a significant increase in both WSG and TSG (0.36 +/- 0.12 and 0.37 +/- 0.13 U/mL) compared with HCG (0.19 +/- 0.04 U/mL; P < 0.01). No differences were shown regarding GPx, GR, and GST activities between COPD and control groups. Inverse correlations were founded between MDA and SOD with FEV(1) in both COPD patients and control subjects (P < 0.001). These results indicate a role for oxidative stress in COPD associated with wood smoke similar to that observed with tobacco smoking in subjects who ceased at least 10 years previous to this study.