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This is a welcome contribution to (Western) imperial, religious, Islamic, Western-Islamic relational, transnational, international, comparative and global historical studies. It is fair to say it p...

Sophia Rose Arjana is Visiting Assistant Professor of Islamic Studies at the Iliff School of Theology (Denver, CO, USA), where she earned her PhD in religious studies through a joint doctoral progr...

This Kazakh-language work by a father-daughter team of Kazakh scholars makes a formidable contribution to (1) Kazakh and broader Central Eurasian, (2) late Tsarist, Soviet, and broader Western impe...

This is a collection of essays ‘written by young academics and researchers' (1). The majority (nine) were, at the time of publication, master's-level graduates or graduate students, joined by two d...

Sea surface temperature (SST) is directly affected by the diurnal cycle of the sun's radiation. Over 200 cases of diurnal cycles of SST are analysed in conjunction with their associated meteorological fields to investigate the phase of the diurnal SST cycle and understand the sensitivity of the diurnal warm layer to meteorological variability during the day. A classification is presented which categorises diurnal warming shapes into four separate groups based on different wind and insolation fluctuations. Differences between the shape of the diurnal signal at the surface and depth are investigated in order to interpret the diurnal variations detected by satellite and in situ measurement techniques. The results highlight the variability in the shape of the diurnal SST cycle and draw attention to the large differences in temperature that can occur between the surface and 1 m under low wind and strong heating conditions. This is important for air–sea heat and gas exchange as the diurnal temperature variation...

SUMMARY First paper is by an academic psychologist who gives something of the history of ethics and develops that section which has lead to Law-making and then applies the principles to a circumscribed group with interdependence as exemplified in a modern profession, Second paper discusses the growth of ethical controls by mutually agreed restrictive rules, the means of securing obedience to those rules, the advantages and dangers to thte profession as a whole, the need to set each rule by considering its advantage to the public external to the profession. Third paper discusses the establishment and maintenance of ethical behaviour by Statutes, Statutory Rules or Regulations and under the supervision of Statutory Boards and the like; the relationship and interdependence of voluntary and legal sanctions. Fourth paper by a Professional Practitioner discusses how a member of the professional community feels about ethical rules. Those which are common courtesy and need no codifying, those which arise from a feeling of mutual need within the group, those which are artificially applied by a forceful minority, still within the group, and those which are applied by forces external to the group. Minimum of Rules the best. Maintenance of a standard easier than the establishment in the first place. The conclusion by the Chairman discusses how the need to protect a well meaning majority from a malignant minority, the real basis of Law has been harnessed to the advance of ethical standards in professions, how lagging professions may be advanced to the highest current standards, how interprofessional standards can be interrelated, and how evils and restrictive tendencies may be mitigated. What is the path to the future?