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Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reduction is a current hotspot for researchers and innovators owing to an abrupt increase in CO2 concentration in the ecosystem. The current focus of environmental eng...

Engine manufacturers worldwide are forced to reduce diesel engine emissions like PM, CO, NOx, etc. Of late post combustion exhaust after-treatment devices viz. SCR, Selective Catalytic Converter, D...

There is a wide range of resources for CO2 emissions. The net amount of CO2 emissions in the cement industry due to the consumption of fossil fuels and the chemical processes of cement prod...

To reach the short-term targets of the carbon dioxide limit, measures such as carbon capture and storage are necessary. The objective of this paper is to assess some low-temperature post-combustion...

Converter steelmaking is the main stage in ore-based production using blast furnace hot metal and steel scrap as charge materials. Over 70% of steel is produced via basic oxygen converters today. The converter process was developed in the middle of nineteenth century by blowing air through pig iron melt for decarburisation. The subsequent innovation was basic lining and the Thomas process. The next problem, the switch from air to oxygen was hard and did not succeed on an industrial scale until the 1950s when oxygen blowing via top lance was developed. Oxygen bottom blowing was then solved by applying annular nozzles with hydrocarbon cooling. Current technologies combine benefits of top and bottom blowing in hybrid processes. In this review, the history of converter processes is briefly surveyed. Recent progress and challenges, e.g. better utilisation of post combustion for scrap melting, are discussed. Continuous converting and the future role of converter process are also highlighted.

In this work, the absorption performance, regeneration performance, and cyclic absorption capacity of three kinds of mixed monoethanolamine (MEA) solvents were studied compared to those of using MEA solvents alone in self-made apparatuses, including MEA-piperazine (PZ), MEA-potassium carbonate (K2CO3), and MEA-ammonia (NH3). The mixed solvent of 10 wt% MEA/5 wt% PZ has a similar absorption performance and a higher regeneration temperature compared with the 20 wt% MEA solvent. And the mixed solvent of 10 wt% MEA/5 wt% K2CO3 has the lowest initial absorption rate, but it has a better cyclic absorption performance and a longer effective reaction time. The mixed solvent of 10 wt% MEA/5 wt% NH3 has both a faster absorption rate and a lower regeneration temperature. These results prove that the mixed MEA solvent mixed with K2CO3 or NH3 has good potential to replace the MEA solvent alone with a lower energy consumption.

Pilot plant operation is a necessary step that needs to be implemented prior to full-scale commercial plant design and operation, especially for a yet-to-be commercial technology such as post-combustion CO2 capture. This article, the eighth and final part of the post-combustion carbon capture technology Review Series, highlights issues that can be encountered and methods to resolve them prior to embarking on a full-scale design and operation. In particular, the article highlights the likelihood of potential flaws in the assumptions usually made in designing absorption-based CO2 capture plants. An example of this can be seen when attempting to transpose the design philosophy in natural gas processing to amine-based CO2 capture. This article also indicates optimum operating ranges suitable to obtain optimum plant performance. Equally, it shows the impact that flue gas impurities can have on solvent stability, off-gas emissions, liquid and solid wastes generated, and overall plant performance. There is an op...

Concerns about climate change have propelled research efforts to develop affordable and environmentally benign technologies to capture CO2 from large emission sources, which can subsequently be used either for enhanced oil recovery or stored in other geological storage sites. The study of the solubility of CO2 in solvents is therefore of great interest, both from the theoretical and practical points of view. To screen solvents or to design CO2 capture processes, knowledge of the equilibrium solubility of CO2 in the solvents is necessary. A large body of solubility data of CO2 in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions of prominent industrial amines are available in literature. We present such data along with a description of the experimental techniques and thermodynamic models used. Innovations made to obtain an optimum solubility of CO2 and to minimize the energy cost of a desired CO2 capture system by adopting different kinds of solvents are also reviewed.

This article is part 3 of the review series on ‘Recent progress and new development of post-combustion carbon capture technology using reactive solvents’. This review focuses on alkanolamine absorption during post-combustion CO2 capture from coal-fired flue gas, looking at a range of absorbents, including those that are commonly used, as well as blended and new solvents. The effects on corrosion of blended and new absorbents and process parameters (e.g., amine concentration, CO2 loading, oxygen concentration, SO2 concentration and temperature) are reviewed. Also reviewed is the effect of corrosion on the formation of heat-stable salts in the absorbent stream, as well as the presence of impurities in flue gas. Finally, corrosion mechanisms are discussed and corrosion inhibition approaches are reviewed.

This article is the first part of a study dealing with current and prospective clean coal technologies. For this purpose, the importance of coal utilization in electricity production and the importance of clean coal technologies (CCTs) for the minimization of the environmental impacts of coal-fired power generation are discussed as an introduction to the subject. The article includes an extensive presentation about the source and formation mechanisms of the major pollutants and their control strategies.

In this study three configurations, viz. conventional MEA, interstage absorber, and interstage absorber with two stripper configuration have been techno-economically evaluated for the optimized result by carrying out simulations using ASPEN PLUS. An economic model defined for carbon capture using 30 wt% MEA to reduce CO2 in flue gas to 0.5 mol% of 550 MWe coal fired power plant resulted in increase in COE of power plant by 20.6, 17.4, and 15.6 percents for the three configurations, respectively. The CO2-avoided cost for the three configurations are 65.94, 64.05, and 63.09 ($ /tonne of CO2 avoided), respectively.