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Forty-eight crossbred steers (296 ± 5 kg) were used in a 155-day trial to compare the feeding value of steam-flaked triticale (SFT) with steam-flaked corn (SFC). Dietary treatments were: (1) basal finishing diet (BD), (2) 40% BD plus 60% SFT, and (3) 40% BD plus 60% SFC. Substitution of BD with SFT or SFC increased gain efficiency (P

We obtain the global well-posedness for Schrodinger equations of higher orders in weighted L2 spaces. This is based on weighted L2 Strichartz estimates for the corresponding propagator with higher-order dispersion. Our method is also applied to the Airy equation which is the linear component of Korteweg-de Vries type equations.

We report the characterization of magnesium (Mg) transport from external solution to xylem by using xylem fluid analysis in rice (Oryza sativa L. Nipponbare). It was indicated that Mg uptake and/or xylem loading was mediated by two transport systems, a saturable and a linear component. The K m value of the saturable component was approximately 20 µM, and the saturated concentration was calculated to be 1.5 mM. Using a multi-compartment transport box with excised roots, the transfer from external solution to xylem was shown to be inhibited by hexaamminecobalt(III) {[Co(III)(NH3)6], Co-Hex}, a selective inhibitor of CorA-mediated influx of Mg2+, suggesting that the MRS2/MGT genes that belong to the superfamily of CorA-type membrane proteins are involved in the Mg transport system.

In long-term trials, not only are individual plot errors correlated over time but there is also a consistent underlying spatial variability in field conditions. The current study sought the most appropriate covariance structure of errors correlated in three dimensions for evaluating the productivity and time-trends in the barley yield data from the monocropping system established in northern Syria. The best spatial–temporal model found reflected the contribution of autocorrelations in spatial and temporal dimensions with estimates varying with the yield variable and location. Compared with a control structure based on independent errors, this covariance structure improved the significance of the fertilizer effect and the interaction with year. Time-trends were estimated in two ways: by accounting the seasonal variable contribution in annual variability (Method 1), which is suitable for detecting significant trends in short data series; and by using the linear component of the orthogonal polynomial on time...

The usefulness of assessing individual fit in latent growth curve models was examined. The study used simulated data based on an unconditional and a conditional latent growth curve model with a linear component and a small quadratic component and a linear model was fit to the data. Then the overall fit of linear and quadratic models to these data was examined. The quadratic models fit the data well but the linear models did not, even though the quadratic component was very small. Then fit was examined at the individual level. Based on individual log likelihood values, a linear model fit most of the individual trajectories well. The article then demonstrates the use of individual fit indexes in empirical data and offers suggestions for assessing individual fit in applied research.

Understanding the influence of several input factors on the relationship between bivariate responses with one directional and one linear component is an important part of some industrial applicatio...

To investigate within the framework of a multilaboratory study the suitability of FISH chromosome painting to measure so-called stable translocations in peripheral lymphocytes of Mayak nuclear-industrial workers (from the Southern Urals) and their use for retrospective biodosimetry.Chromosime analyses were carried out from 69 workers who had received protracted occupational radiation exposures (0.012-6.065 Gy) up to approximately 40 years before blood sampling. Twenty-one unexposed people living in the same area were controls. A multicolour FISH-painting protocol with the target chromosomes 1, 4 and 8 simultaneously with a pancentromeric probe was used to score potentially transmissible chromosome-type aberrations (reciprocal translocations 2B and related 'one-way' patterns I-III according to the SS classification).Individual biodosimetry estimates were obtained in terms of these potentially long-term surviving aberration types based on the linear component of a low dose-rate gamma-ray calibration curve produced using identical staining and scoring protocols. For comparison, the workers personal and total background doses were converted to red bone marrow doses. The estimated doses were mainly lower than would be predicted by the calibration curve, particularly at accumulated higher dose levels.Owing to the limited life-time of circulating T-lymphocytes, the long-term persistence of translocations in vivo requires the assumption of a clonal repopulation of these naturally senescing cells from the haemopoietic stem cell compartments. Obviously such a replacement cannot be fully achieved, leading to a temporal decline even of the yield of transmissible aberrations types. Assuming further a highly selective capacity of stem cells against any type of chromosomal damage and the fact that one must rely on partial genome findings, the potential of FISH chromosome painting for retrospective dose reconstruction is probably limited to a decade or so after high-level protracted radiation exposure.

Purpose: To check whether simple chromosome exchanges are linearly related to radiation dose. Materials and methods: Go-irradiated lymphocytes were cultured to produce metaphase preparations. Chromosomes 1 and 2 were painted different colours and the remaining chromosomes counterstained. Cells containing a colour junction involving both chromosomes 1 and 2 were scored fully, so that simple and complex rearrangements were distinguished. Results: At doses of 2Gy and below very few complex rearrangements were seen. About 90% of exchanges were simple. At these doses the linear component of the dose-effect curve accounts on average for only ~30% of the observed yield. Conclusions: There is a square-law dose component to the yield of simple exchanges in addition to the linear term.

‘Accumulation analysis’ is a method introduced by Taguchi (1974) for the analysis of ordered categorical data. Using his original data on the efficacy of two rival drugs, we discuss the reasons Taguchi gives for substituting his accumulation statistic for Karl Pearson's χ2statistic. We show that the accumulation statistic gives greater weight to the linear component of χ2. We point out the superiority and greater simplicity of a well-known procedure employing this linear componentto determine the efficacy of a treatment. Finally, using a result due to Yates, we show that the extraction of the linear component of χ2is itself equivalent to simply analysing equally-spaced scores and conducting a standard analysis using the statistic or the analysis of variance. In view of these results and the findings of earlier research by ourselves, Nair (1986), and Hamada & Wu (1986), we conclude that accumulation analysis is inefficient, as well as unnecessarily complicated, and consequently should not be taught or reco...

A two‐phase testing technique is presented for analog circuit fault diagnosis systems. The proposed technique isolates the faulty linear components in the first phase and then using the computed linear component values obtained by phase 1 to determine the input‐output characteristics of nonlinear components during phase 2. The faulty nonlinear components can thus be located. This two‐phase technique takes great advantage of low computational cost since the complex characteristics of the nonlinear components are not directly involved in the calculation.

The describing function method is commonly used for the prediction of limit cycles in non-linear systems. This method is based upon the representation of signals by a Fourier series, and assigning a gain to the non-linear component derived from its response to a sinusoidal input, In this paper we show that a different approach is feasible which in some respects is the dual of the describing function method. The signals are analysed into a Walsh scries, and a gain is assigned to the linear component of the system derived from its response to a square, wave. In many instances the method is likely to give more accurate predictions of limit cycling.

Summary Three separate shapes of self-esteem/persuasibility curves could be computationally cancelled out to yield a finding of no apparent relationship as reported in some previous studies. It was hypothesized that a finding of no relationship could appear under certain conditions and that it could be resolved into negative linear, inverted U-shaped, and positive linear components. An experiment was conducted, using 264 Ss of both sexes and adaptations of measuring scales employed in previous studies. Mean persuasibility values were computed and plotted for each cell of 1 × 3 and 3 × 3 factorial designs. An initial finding of no relationships was resolved into negative linear, inverted U-shaped, and positive linear component curves. These component relationships were associated with chi square values significant at or above the 95 percentile level. The data were interpreted as supporting the hypotheses.