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This laboratory study measured growth of one plant species, Lycopersicon esculentum Big Girl (tomato), that is sensitive to the presence of soil contamination, in Kuwait soil amended with crude-oil-contaminated soil. Germinated tomato seeds were placed in containers with soil containing 0, 0.12, 0.24, 0.36, 0.48, 0.60, 1.2, and 2.4% crude oil and were grown in an indoor growth chamber. Plants grew in Kuwait soil containing up to 0.36% crude oil; however, growth and fruit production were compromised at crude oil concentrations greater than 0.12% when compared with control plants. Plants did not grow in Kuwait soil amended with 0.48% crude oil or higher.

The coloration changes of three soils (Amarillo sandy loam, Anthony sandy loam, and Oakville sandy loam) and two clays (kaolinite and montmorillonite) were monitored following the addition of four solvents (distilled water, unleaded gasoline, diesel fuel, and ethylbenzene) over a time period of 1 year. Soil and clay coloration was measured using Munsell color charts. In general, the Amarillo soil experienced the most extensive changes to a darker, grayer color. Initial color changes occurred in as little as 1 week, with subsequent changes occurring throughout the next 41 weeks. This study indicates that solvents can alter geologic media color and that the inferred chemical reduction processes can be an ongoing process.

This article presents the design of a bench‐scale reactor that has been utilized to conduct intermediate and long‐term studies on the behavior of chemicals in soil‐groundwater systems under stable Eh‐pH conditions. Also, two examples of the utilization of the reactor are discussed.