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An iterative framework is introduced in this present study to detect seismic isolation precursors of the shortcut calculation method for the isolated benchmark high-speed railway RC bridge....

Recently, construction industry groups in several countries have initiated performance measurement and benchmarking programmes as business strategies to improve performance through comparisons to the best practices, and have been enjoying benefits from them. To draw implications for the Singaporean construction industry, this paper reviews seven global performance measurement and benchmarking initiatives, and two company initiatives, with cross-initiative comparisons. In addition, based on the discussions, an iterative framework is proposed for the performance measurement and benchmarking initiative in the Singaporean construction industry. Although the results are interpreted in the context of Singapore, the review provides an understanding of the existing performance measurement and benchmarking initiatives for students, practitioners and academics in other countries.

Medical professionalism is increasingly recognized as a core competence of medical trainees and practitioners. Although the general and specific domains of professionalism are thoroughly characterized, procedures for assessing them are not well-developed. This article outlines an approach to designing and implementing an assessment program for medical professionalism that begins and ends with asking and answering a series of critical questions about the purpose and nature of the program. The process of exposing an assessment program to a series of interrogatives that comprise an integrated and iterative framework for thinking about the assessment process should lead to continued improvement in the quality and defensibility of that program.