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In accounts of garden history, the garden itself, its physical attributes and spatial organization, is often strangely absent. The focus instead often appears to be on attributing meaning derived f...

This article explores the relationship between Victorian and Ngaiwong ways of knowing by bringing a ‘planetary’ framework to bear upon an extraordinary meeting which took place at Buckingham Palace on 26 January 1846. To do so, it invokes the long history of the Antipodes; deploys, modifies and comments upon methodologies for conceiving and analysing ‘world literature’ by Americanist Wai Chee Dimock; and engages with the role of the imagination in Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's concept of ‘planetarity’.

The one-pot, microwave-assisted synthesis of 5-thia-4b,10-diaza-indeno[2,1-a]indene-5,5-dioxide (6) and 10H-11-thia-5,10a-diaza-benzo[b]fluorene-11,11-dioxide (7) from 1,2-phenylenediamine and 2-aminobenzylamine, respectively, is described. Generation of a sulfonamide through reaction of the appropriate diamine with 2-cyanobenzenesulfonyl chloride is followed by a multistep intramolecular transformation and subsequent elimination of ammonia to provide the corresponding tetracycle in good yield.

Capsule The population of Nightjars in the UK increased by over 36% between 1992 and 2004. Aims To determine the population size and distribution of Nightjars in the UK and examine associations with forestry and heathland habitat features. Methods A volunteer survey was supported by professional cover in remote parts of Wales, and areas of Dorset and lowland Scotland. Two visits to allocated 1-km squares were made between late May and mid-July. Each surveyor recorded the locations of calling males onto maps and the occurrence of habitat categories within 50 m of each Nightjar registration. Results Observers surveyed 3264 1-km squares in 2004 and, on average, 78% of the target habitat (90% in southern England). The total number of males counted was 4131 (range 3850‐4414), adjusted to 4606 (95% CL ± 913) to account for unsurveyed habitat. The adjusted total represented a 36% increase in 12 years. Nightjars were recorded in 275 10-km squares in 2004, a 2.6% increase since 1992. However, there was evidence of population decline and range contractions in northwest Britain, including north Wales, northwest England and in Scotland. In 2004, 57% of Nightjars were associated with forest plantations (similar to 1992) and 59% with heathland (slightly higher than in 1992). Conclusion National objectives for Nightjar conservation (UK Biodiversity Action Plan: UKBAP) were reached in respect of population size and stability, but the target for a 5% range increase by 2003 was not met. The continued increase in the national population is probably attributable to habitat protection, management and restoration of heathlands, and the continued availability of clear-fell/young plantations in conifer forests. Management and/or protection/restoration/re-creation of these key habitats remains critical for the long-term objectives of UKBAP. The issue of providing foraging habitats, perhaps via agri-environment schemes, is also raised.

The manner in which colonial painter Mary Morton Allport presents her life after their settlement in Van Diemen's Land in 1831as representative of a colony of genteel free-settlers in her journals is discussed. Her two miniature portraits titled 'Paul and Virginia' based on a fictional colonial role model, and placed strategically in her public document 'Book of Treasures' were aimed at creating a lady-like image for herself.

Homophobia : An Australian History. Edited by Shirleene Robinson. Sydney: Federation Press, 2008. Pp. 262 A$39.95 paper. Homophobia, as Michael Flood and Clive Hamilton note in this important antho...

(1975). Early African leadership: the Copperbelt disturbances of 1935 and 1940. Journal of Southern African Studies: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 83-97.