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We investigated changes of the corticospinal tract (CST) in the unaffected hemisphere according to severity of the CST injury, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). According to the severity of the CST injury in the affected hemisphere, the stroke patients showed different aspects of fiber volume increment of the CST in the unaffected hemisphere; the fiber volume was increased in the early phase in patients with mild injury of CST and later phase in patients with severe injury of CST.

The pharmacological activities of Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, and Panax notoginseng as herbal medicinal resources were reviewed to evaluate their biofunctional effects. P. ginseng contains relatively many kinds of ginsenoside that possess pharmacological activity compared with P. quinquefolium and P. notoginseng. However, the ratio of panaxatriol and panaxadiol of ginsenoside in P. notoginseng is higher than those of P. ginseng and P. quinquefolium. The free sugar content of P. ginseng is similar to P. quinquefolium but is different from P. notoginseng. The total free amino acid content is highest in P. ginseng and lowest in P. notoginseng. P. ginseng has the highest antioxidative effects and P. ginseng and P. quinquefoilum possess more potent cytotoxicities on A549 and SK-OV-3 cell lines than P. notoginseng. Particularly, red ginseng of P. ginseng shows the highest antidiabetic effects, suggesting that it possesses activity to enhance insulin secretion as well as to prevent a destruction of pancr...

Contactless systems use electromagnetic fields to transport power from railway substation to the traction system. The proto type of inductive power transfer (IPS) system has been developed in order to use train power feeding. It is based on a contactless transformer with a fixed coreless primary and different secondary core like E shape and U shape. The primary coil is supply with 50 kHz current which produces a magnetic flux in the secondary core. Further this flux induces a current in the secondary coil. This paper presents results of experiment for developed inductive power transfer system experiments. The IPS has a large air gap, so it is required a high magnetization current and compensate the leakage flux of primary and secondary coil. The proto type IPS has an air gap with range 1 to 5 mm and core material is ferrite with maximum power of 5 kW. The power supply to IPS is designed by constant current control inverter with compensation capacitance. We measure inductance of IPS and coupling coefficient in order to calculate the compensation parameter according to variable air gap. The analysis of output for the proto type IPS is performed regarding different loads.

Many diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have described the effects of hydrocephalus on periventricular white matter in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus. However, little is known about hydrocephalus following stroke. We investigated the effect of hydrocephalus on periventricular white matter in patients with hydrocephalus after an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) using DTI.Fourteen patients with ICH and hydrocephalus, and 17 age- and sex-matched normal control subjects were recruited. DTI parameters were estimated in six regions of interest (ROIs) in periventricular white matter: the anterior corona radiata, the posterior corona radiata, the genu of the corpus callosum, the splenium of corpus callosum, the anterior limb of the internal capsule, and the posterior limb of the internal capsule.Mean fractional anisotropy of the anterior corona radiata in patients was significantly higher than in controls (p0.05), but apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was not different in the two groups (p0.05). No significant differences between fractional anisotropies and ADCs were observed in the other five ROIs (p0.05).The anterior corona radiata was found to be more compressed by hydrocephalus than the other five regions of periventricular white matter examined in patients with hydrocephalus following ICH. It is believed that the results of the present study will be useful for the diagnosis and management of hydrocephalus following stroke.

Many diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) studies have reported on fornix injury in various diseases. However, there has been no DTT study on fornix injury by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We attempted to investigate fornix body injury in patients with ICH, using DTT.We identified 58 consecutive stroke patients using the following criteria: (1) first-ever stroke, (2) age: 45-65 years, (3) hemorrhage confined within the corona radiata and basal ganglion level, (4) an available DTT scan performed during the early stage of ICH (1-5 weeks after onset). Among 58 consecutive patients, we identified six patients who showed disruption at the fornix body.Following ICH, 10.7% of patients revealed complete disruption of the fornix body on DTT. Results from DTT of the fornix showed disruption in anterior and posterior portions of the fornix body in three patients, in the anterior portion of the fornix body in two patient, and in the posterior portion of the fornix body in one patient.We report on six patients who showed complete disruption of the fornix body following ICH. It is our belief that the fornix of patients with ICH could be evaluated using DTT.

– The requirement of the probabilistic approach on electric power systems is increasing on the electricity power market with various demanding of electricity power consumers. Moreover the necessity of the reliability evaluation at demand points get higher. To evaluate the reliabilities at demand points the effective load duration curve on the composite power system level (called CMELDC) was developed[1]. As the effective load duration curve plays an important role in probabilistic production cost simulation and reliability evaluation for power system planning, the CMELDC give us useful information to solve nodal probabilistic problems[2]. Two elements are required to construct the CMELDC. The first of it is the probabilistic load model. And the other is the probability of load curtailment model. This paper uses the probabilistic arrival power concept to evaluate reliability at load points. And effect of FACTS devices are presented on the probabilistic reliability. Keywords : Reliability, FACTS, Arrival Power [

Due to the rapid increase of wind-power generators, it is difficult to operate power systems reliably as a small, isolated system such as the one on Jeju Island, which has about 600MW of peak load in 2009. Therefore, the maximum wind power penetration limit must be determined to guarantee the reliable operation of a power system. In the Jeju system, it is important to devise a cooperative operational scheme between variable generation sources because of the increase in renewable power generators, new combined cycle generators, and HVDC lines connected to the mainland system. An institutional, systematic, technical scheme for reliable operation of power system in Jeju in the long term is essential, considering current policies for renewable energy.

Fatigue and switching properties of BLT thin films fabricated on Pt/TiOx/SiO2/Si substrates were investigated. Prepared films showed the strong (117) peak denoting Bismuth layered structure and the peaks representing c-axis orientation. The thickness of BLT thin films was about 240 nm and the densities of the elements Bi, La, Ti and O exhibited the relatively uniform distribution. The dielectric constant and loss of BLT thin films measured at 100 kHz were 292 and 0.07 respectively. The remanent polarization (2Pr) and coercive field (2Ec) of BLT thin films were 9.92 μ C/cm2 and 143 kV/cm respectively with applied electric field of 208 kV/cm, and the difference of switching polarization (P∗) and non-switching polarization (P∧) had a decrease of approximately 15% of its initial value after 109 switching cycles. The switching time decreased from 0.61 μ s to 0.22 μ s as the input pulse voltage increased from 2 V to 5 V. As the load resistance increased from 50 Ω to 3.3 kΩ, the switching time increased...

CLOCK and BMAL1 are bHLH-PAS-containing transcription factors that bind to E-box elements and are indispensable for expression of core circadian clock components such as the Per and Cry genes. A key step in expression is the heterodimerization of CLOCK and BMAL1 and their accumulation in the nucleus with an approximately 24-h periodicity. We show here that nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of BMAL1 is essential for transactivation and for degradation of the CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer. Using serial deletions and point mutants, we identified a functional nuclear localization signal and Crm1-dependent nuclear export signals in BMAL1. Transient-transfection experiments revealed that heterodimerization of CLOCK and BMAL1 accelerates their turnover, as well as E-box-dependent clock gene transcription. Moreover, in embryonic mouse fibroblasts, robust transcription of Per2 is tightly associated with massive degradation of the CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer. CRY proteins suppressed this process during the transcription-negative phase and led to nuclear accumulation of the CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer. Thus, these findings suggest that the decrease of BMAL1 abundance during the circadian cycle reflects robust transcriptional activation of clock genes rather than inhibition of BMAL1 synthesis.

We have performed the response analysis of the diaphragm-type pyroelectric structure that consists of the sensing element fixed on its perimeter at the dielectric substrate with the conic hole in its central part.Our analysis shows that the response of the multiplayer pyroelectric system can be described approximately as a sum of specific parts with simple frequency dependencies such as y m 1 , y m 1/2 and y 0 . They correspond to the main types of distribution of heat energy such as the total and partial heating of the sensing element, heating of the boundary regions of surrounding media or intermediate layer and heat flow through the pyroelectric element in the back medium with appropriate effective thermal resistances. The main advantage of our approach is a significant decrease in the number of parameters and a possibility of more simple quantitative analysis of the real pyroelectric systems.

Change of device characteristics of the metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor FET (MFSFET) with the progress of fatigue of the ferroelectric thin film are simulated in this study. The field-dependent polarization model and the square-law FET model are employed in our simulation. C-VG curves exhibit the accumulation, the depletion and inversion regions clearly. They also exhibit the memory window of 2V. ID-VD curves are composed of the triode and the saturation regions. The difference of saturation drain currents of the MFSFET device at the dual threshold voltages in ID-VD curve is 6mA/cm2, which decreases as much as 50% after fatigue. Our model is expected to be very useful in the estimation of the behaviour of MFSFET devices with the progress of fatigue.

Pyroelectric properties of the PLT(10) thin film deposited on a p-doped poly-Si electrode have been studied by using the static measurement method. Measurement of the dielectric constant as a function of temperature shows the typical characteristics of a ferroelectric. The dielectric constant reaches a maximum at 295°C, which can be thought of as the Curie temperature. The PLT(10) thin film on p-doped poly-Si fabricated in this research shows excellent pyroelectric properties. The pyroelectric coefficient and the figures of merit, FV and FD at room temperature are measured as 5.76×10-4C/m2K, 1.17×10-10C.cm/J and 0.93×10-8C.cm/J, respectively.

A numerical analysis has been performed to study the mass transfer characteristics of the chemical addition system for a nuclear power plant. The transient concentration profile of the chemical additives and the required time to inject the additives from the chemical injection tank have been investigated using a low Reynolds number turbulence model. Calculations were also performed with a disk placed at various locations along the centerline of the chemical injection tank to investigate the amount of reduction in injection time and to propose an optimal design of the chemical injection tank