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This study aimed to explore the association between family function and sleep disturbances in preschool children in rural areas of China. Caregivers of preschool children completed sociodemographic questionnaires, the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Family APGAR scale. Using sleep disturbances in children as the dependent variable, family function and other related factors as independent variables, binary logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations between family function and sleep disturbances in children. A total of 3,636 caregivers of preschool children were enrolled in our study, and the prevalence of sleep disturbances among their preschool children was 89.4%. In our study, lower family function was associated with higher risk of sleep disturbances among preschool children. After adjusting for age (years), education level of mother, discipline attitudes of father and mother, only child status and caregivers' anxiety, the associations were statistically significant both in families of which caregivers of children are their parents or other relatives. (AOR for parents = 1.487, 95% CI:1.152-1.919, P = 0.002; AOR for other relatives = 1.963, 95% CI:1.302-2.958, P = 0.001). Our study results indicated that family function was associated with sleep disturbances in preschool children, and future high-quality cohort studies are needed to explore this topic in more detail.

The present study attempted to investigate dynamics and predictors of resilience amongst Chinese children using prospective data. Totally 816 children completed the resilience measurement at baseline and one-year follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine associations between high resilience and predictor variables. Mean resilience scores increased during the one-year follow-up (t = -2.35, P = 0.019). Although the proportions of high and low resilience were relatively stable, whereas 28% of children had inconsistent resilience level during the follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that participants' parents having secondary school (adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.67, 95%CI = 1.14-2.44) or higher (aOR = 2.53, 95%CI = 1.51-4.24) education level, and high quality of life (aOR = 1.81, 95%CI = 1.20-2.73) were positively associated with high resilience, whereas moderate family function obstacles (aOR = 0.47, 95%CI = 0.34-0.67), abuse experience (aOR = 0.68, 95%CI = 0.50-0.92), and significant depression symptoms (aOR = 0.47, 95%CI = 0.28-0.77) were negatively associated with high resilience. Results highlight that resilience levels were not merely static trait and improved over one year among Chinese children. Findings would deepen understanding of resilience change and provide potential targets of resilience-focused intervention in children.

Our study aims to explore child neglect among preschool children in rural China and examine its association with social living ability. Furthermore, another purpose is to examine whether there is a mediated effect of resilience on this association. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2397 children aged 6-72 months in rural area of Anhui province. Social living ability, neglect and resilience were measured by Infant-Junior Middle School Student's Ability of Social Life Scale, Child Neglect Evaluation Scales and Devereux Center for Resilient Children (DCRC) Assessment Tools (DECA), respectively. Binary logistic analysis was performed to explore the relationship. The results showed that overall prevalence of child neglect was 59.4% among children aged 6-72 months. Children aged 36-72 months who suffered physical neglect, educational neglect and medical neglect were more likely to express lower social living ability. After adjusting resilience, the association between lower social living ability and child neglect was slightly attenuated but remained significant. In conclusion, neglect would exert the adverse effect on children in 36-72 months group. Children experiencing physical, educational and medical neglect have more chance to express lower social living ability. High resilient subjects may be partly protected against the detrimental effects of child neglect.