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Nitrogen (N) fertilization is crucial for maximizing maize (Zea mays L.) yield, but optimizing the amount of N to apply for maize must also consider potential impact on the environment from nitrate...

The aim of this work was to prepare a mixed beverage containing kale, ginger, coconut water, and orange, which is similar to the recipes found in the informal media, and to determine the effect of refrigerated storage on antioxidant, physical and chemical properties, ascorbic acid content, and sensory acceptance. The refrigeration of the mixed beverage for up to seven hours preserved the antioxidant properties, phenolic compounds, soluble solids, and titratable acidity but led to reduction of green color, pH, and ascorbic acid content. However, in the refrigeration for up to 25 hours, it was observed that antioxidant activity, color, pH, and ascorbic acid were not preserved. The beverage was considered appropriate by mean the sensory acceptance test, after microbiological analysis. The beverages refrigerated for 0, 13, and 25 hours were accepted, with maximum scores of 7 (10 cm scale), besides purchase intention above 3 on a 5-point scale.

Herein we report the synthesis of new octa-phenoxy substituted metallophthalocyanines (4–7) (M = Co, Ni, Cu and Zn). The synthesized compounds were characterized using FT-IR, UV-vis, elemental anal...

The o-toluidine test for complex carbohydrates was first developed for the identification of gums, mucilages, and starches using small samples from artifacts. This test as described for the analysis of museum collections was revised by systematically testing reference materials. This paper reports on the color reactions obtained on treating reference materials with the o-toluidine reagent to better understand the resultant color reactions of various gums, mucilages, and starches. The green color reaction commonly reported in the literature was found to be only partially accurate. This test will yield a green color for polysaccharides that yield only aldohexoses upon hydrolysis, such as starches and certain mucilages. Gum exudates and mucilages that are polysaccharides of both aldohexoses and aldopentoses yield a brown color reaction. Also discussed are the classification, sources, and uses of various plant polysaccharides and where this microchemical test was useful in understanding the collections at the...

2-(2-Thiazolylazo)-p-cresol system achieved distinct optical output signal by controlling pH and mercury-ion complexation. The 2-(2-thiazolylazo)-p-cresol with mercury ion existed as an equilibrium mixture of both an azo and hydrazone tautomeric forms at 372 and 425 nm, respectively, along with the appearance of a new absorption peak at 610 nm (visual color of green), which was attributed to the binding of mercury ion with 2-(2-thiazolylazo)-p-cresol. Furthermore, the addition of proton led to the perturbation of the conjugation between 2-(2-thiazolylazo)-p-cresol and mercury ion and absence of absorption at 610 nm (visual color of yellow). 2-(2-thiazolylazo)-p-cresol could thus be applied to develop an effective simulated colorimetric INHIBIT logic gate with mercury ion and proton as inputs. Consequently, green color with the absorption peak at 610 nm was outputted from yellow color of 2-(2-thiazolylazo)-p-cresol in the presence of mercury ion as an input signal at pH 7.0.

Different drying methods were investigated for efficient dehydration of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) greens for optimal retention of color and its constituents. Accordingly, hot air (HA, 40°C, 58–63% RH), low humidity air (LHA, 40°C and 28–30% RH), and radiofrequency (RF, 40°C, 56–60% RH) were explored for efficient drying of fenugreek greens. The three single-layer drying models (Exponential, Page, and Modified Page) tested showed excellent fit (R2 = 0.92–0.99) for all three drying methods. The time required for drying with LHA and RF was less (∼27%), as compared to HA drying. LHA-dried fenugreek had superior green color and a more porous and uniform structure than those obtained from RF and HA drying. Aqueous methanolic (60:40) extract of fenugreek greens dehydrated by LHA exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity. Dehydrated fenugreek greens showed good consumer acceptance as well as shelf life.

The efficiency of the organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) with a 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenylphenanthroline (BCP) hole blocking layer (HBL) between a N, N′-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N, N′-diphenyl-1, 1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (NPB) hole transport layer (HTL) and a tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) emitting layer (EML) was higher than that of the OLEDs without a HBL. The dominant electroluminescence (EL) peak corresponding to the Alq3 layer for the OLEDs with a BCP HBL between a NPB HTL and an Alq3 EML appeared at the almost same position as the EL peak for the OLEDs without a HBL. The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates of the OLEDs corresponded to a stabilized green color, regardless of the existence of the BCP HBL layer.

This study assesses the influence of a closed drying environment on kiln brown stain in Pinus radiata sapwood. Three sets of matched timber samples (N = 50) were dried at low temperature (50°C), one without and two with kiln venting. Statistical analysis showed that the closed drying environment produced no significant change in the lightness (L∗) of kiln brown stain. Relative to the samples dried in the vented process, there was a small but statistically significant increase in the green color (Δa∗ ≈ − 1.7) for both the stained area and the unstained early-wood of the samples dried in the non-vented kiln.

Magnesium is a common and abundant element in many Earth environments, especially in serpentine minerals and the rocks associated with serpentinites. The element is also a major constituent in life forms, from bacteria to man. It is important to plants where it is uniquely situated in the chlorophyll molecules that impart the green color, and plays the dominant role in photon reception and transfer of energy essential for metabolism. The multiple roles of magnesium in biology are briefly examined to phrase questions regarding the low productivity of plants typical of serpentinite environments.

Packaging plays a fundamental role on consumers' intention to purchase as it may be the first contact between the consumer and the product. The present study used the “Focus Group” methodology to obtain information on consumers' attitudes, opinions, thoughts and concepts about minimally processed products. The results showed that the participants noticed the packaging color and transparency most. Green color was the most appreciated one, while heavily decorated packaging with excessive information on the front panel was least appreciated.

The visual effects of oven- and freeze-drying on Echinacea purpurea herb were assessed by image analysis. Aerial parts of full-bloom plants were chopped by hand and randomly allocated to four drying conditions: freeze-drying and oven-drying at 40, 60, and 80°C. Significant differences in various physical traits of the ligulate flowers (level of red, green, blue and gray colors) and the stems (level of red, green, blue and gray colors and the ratio of brown: green color) were observed among the tested drying conditions. Some of the traits appeared to have potential for use as visual markers to surmise the drying environment of echinacea.

The prevalence of congenital red-green color vision defects (CVDS) is both racial and gender dependent. Red-green color vision defects (CVDS) have been screened for among Arab boys from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, by using both the Ishihara plates and the D 15 test. The results indicate a prevalence of 2.93%. Deutan defect was present in 1.95% of the subjects, protan defect in 0.49% and unclassified color defect in 0.49%. This result confirms the previously reported low prevalence of congenital red-green CVDS among adult Arab males from the central region of Saudi Arabia.

Iron deficiency is very common in mango trees in Israel. This phenomenon is especially widespread in orchards planted on calcareous soils. The very pronounced symptoms of iron deficiency found in mango are unique and differ from typical lime induced iron‐ deficiency symptoms found in other fruit trees. At an early stage the entire young leaf blade has a yellowish green color; later on, the new leaves cease to grow and a gradual die‐back of the branches starts. If appropriate treatment is not given, the tree eventually dies. Experiments were carried out on affected mango trees with various iron compounds which were applied either to the soil or by foliar spray. With soil application, best results were obtained with iron Sequestrene‐138, either applied directly to the soil or via the irrigation system. With foliar application, very good results were obtained by spraying 0.255 FeSO4 solution or 0.2% Fe(NO3)2 solution, both with the addition of the L‐77 wetting agent at 0.1%. At present, the most com...

A method is developed for synergetic extraction and subsequent spectrophotometric determination of Cu(II). The Cu(II)-benzoinoxime-pyridine complex extracted into chloroform has a characteristic green color measurable at 440 nm. The system conforms to Beer's law and is free from a large number of cation interferences. A systematic study of copper separation from metal ions, such as Fe, Au, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn, Zn, Pb, and U, has been investigated and is reported.

Significant differences in iron and chlorophyll content occurred between 25 cultivars and 5 blends of 3‐year‐old, well established Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). ‘Adelphi’, Ill. 38–17, ‘Sodco’, ‘Sydsport’, ‘Windsor’, and blends of ‘Cannon’ + ‘Kenblue’, and ‘Windsor’ + ‘Merion’ received highest visual ratings for dark green color.

In two experiments, subjects pressed a key labeled Red or Green in response to a 100 msec duration stimulus presented to the left or right visual field. In Experiment I, subjects responded to the meaning of Stroop words; the stimulus was the word Red or Green printed in red, green, or white ink. In Experiment II, subjects responded to ink color; the stimulus was either the word Red or Green printed in red or green ink or a red or green color patch. In each experiment, there were 20 strongly right-handed subjects and 20 strongly left-handed subjects. Half the subjects in each handedness group were male and half were female. In both experiments, RT was faster when words were presented to the right visual field than to the left visual field, suggesting that both meaning and ink color of Stroop words were processed more quickly in the left hemisphere. Results of both experiments revealed faster reactions when meaning and ink color of the Stroop words were congruent than when they were not. A comparison with baseline trials indicated that the RT difference between responses to congruent and incongruent Stroop words was due to the incongruent cue interfering with information processing rather than to the congruent cue facilitating processing. Hypothesized interactions between stimulus position, congruence, handedness and sex were not significant.

(1967). Red/green color blindness in the Niger delta. Eugenics Quarterly: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 7-13.

Sections of potato tuber and epidermis from veins on the dorsal side of the sunflower leaf have proved most satisfactory in demonstrating plasmodesma. Kill fresh sections 5 minutes in a solution of 0.75 g. KI, 0.50 g. iodine in 100 cc. H2O. Swell 5 minutes in 10% H2SO4. Mordant 5 minutes in a solution of 1.25 g. KI, 1.00 g. iodine in 100 cc. of 5% H2SO4. Wash in 5% H2SO4 until iodine starts to fade. Stain in a mixture of 0.5% gentian violet solution in 5% H2SO4 made up to a deep green color. Wash in a solution of 30 cc. glycerin, 2 g. ZnCl2, 0.2 g. iodine, and a bit of KI in 60 cc. of water. Brush with a camel's hair brush, wash and mount in the same solution.