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This special issue of the Kiva is published in honor of Margaret Lyneis, who passed away in 2016 at the age of 78, after a long and influential career as a teacher and scholar. These papers develop...

Based on the limited data available to her at the time, Margaret Lyneis proposed that the transition between the Pueblo II and Pueblo III periods in the Moapa Valley was marked by differences in so...

Resorption cavities formed during the bone remodelling cycle change the structure and thus the mechanical properties of trabecular bone. We tested the hypotheses that bone stiffness loss due to resorption cavities depends on anatomical location, and that for identical eroded bone volumes, cavities would cause more stiffness loss than homogeneous erosion. For this purpose, we used beam-shell finite element models. This new approach was validated against voxel-based FE models. We found an excellent agreement for the elastic stiffness behaviour of individual trabeculae in axial compression (R(2) = 1.00) and in bending (R(2)0.98), as well as for entire trabecular bone samples to which resorption cavities were digitally added (R(2) = 0.96, RMSE = 5.2%). After validation, this new method was used to model discrete cavities, with dimensions taken from a statistical distribution, on a dataset of 120 trabecular bone samples from three anatomical sites (4th lumbar vertebra, femoral head, iliac crest). Resorption cavities led to significant reductions in bone stiffness. The largest stiffness loss was found for samples from the 4th lumbar vertebra, the lowest for femoral head samples. For all anatomical sites, resorption cavities caused significantly more stiffness loss than homogeneous erosion did. This novel technique can be used further to evaluate the impact of resorption cavities, which are known to change in several metabolic bone diseases and due to treatment, on bone competence.

Excavations at habitation sites on the Shivwits Plateau, northwestern Arizona suggest that calcareous dolostone was regularly procured and used by the prehistoric inhabitants of that region. Calcareous dolostone, a soft, powdery carbonate rock composed of the minerals dolomite and calcite, is not local to these sites but crops out some four to six kilometers from the site. Its presence at the sites, therefore, indicates its intentional procurement for some as-yet undetermined purpose. To investigate how the material might have been used, a series of archaeological experiments were conducted to evaluate possible functions suggested by ethnographic analogy. Specifically, we evaluated the performance characteristics of powdered dolostone with reference to three activities: clay processing, pigment production, and the production of architectural plaster. Our results suggest that, as a clay additive, dolostone improves the texture of the sticky Shivwits Plateau clays; and that, when mixed with appropri...

Pueblo Grande de Nevada, more popularly known as “Lost City,” refers to a loosely defined series of archaeological sites in the Moapa Valley of southern Nevada. Excavated between the years of 1924 and 1941, these sites were to have a major impact on early-twentieth-century Southwestern archaeology. Despite the excitement that surrounded these finds at the time of their discovery, their legacy has largely been forgotten today. We argue one reason for this oversight is that the data obtained by the original researchers are inadequate for addressing the questions being asked of the region today. In particular, because plant and animal remains were not systematically recovered by the original researchers, the early fieldwork has provided only a broad sketch of the subsistence activities practiced in the region. To remedy these shortcomings, in 2006 archaeologists from the University of Nevada Las Vegas conducted additional excavations at House 20, a roomblock located within one of the so-called Lost C...

Pediments in the Barn Mountains constitute lowlands which border upland massifs and surround isolated inselberg-like hills. They form gentle concave-up or planar slopes which terminate abruptly at ...

This preliminary analysis of the Homol'ovi III chipped stone assemblage describes the lithic technology used at this site and examines temporal changes in a sample of the assemblage. The shift from a year-round to a seasonal habitation of the site is used to explain changes in the proportion of certain artifact types. Other temporal differences, such as a marked increase in the proportion of obsidian, are argued to reflect the process of aggregation that occurred in this area around A.D. 1300.

Summary The Hon. Mrs Ward (1827–69) was an amateur naturalist whose collection of microscope slides has recently been catalogued. She was the author of two successful popular books on scientific topics. Her hand-lithographed publication on a microscopical subject has been discovered, together with the associated slides and the later, revised printed version.

The current use of methyl bromide in disinfection and disinfestation processes in connection with food preservation and production is described together with the methods used for its application. T...

An analysis of the lithic assemblage at Homol'ovi III indicates that the presence of obsidian, a nonlocal resource, is strongly correlated with the late occupation of the site. It is argued that th...

Synopsis The sporicidal activity of a solution of phenylmercury dinaphthylmethane disulphonate (PMDD) containing between 11 and 13 p.p.m. mercury was proved both in the laboratory and in field finals. It is suggested that PMDD is suitable for the control of egg transmitted aspergillosis.

Two recent projects using retrieval television, which permits teachers to request program transmissions for individual classrooms, are compared. Retrieval television cost about $4 a classroom viewing in an experimental project in Ottawa where schools were connected by cable to the transmitting centre. The cost is a little over $2 a viewing in a system now functioning in London, Ontario, which uses eight 2,500 megahertz broadcast channels; this system also permits videotape recordings to be made in schools at night by remote control from the transmitting centre. Many dimensions of student and teacher reaction to retrieval television are reported for the Ottawa Project. These results and the expense and/or channel restrictions of retrieval television, lead to the conclusion that it will not at present be used by individual students in the classroom.

Synopsis A study has been made of the intestinal flora of chickens aged between 2 and 6½ weeks. No major differences were found when rations containing 9 or 25% fish meal were compared or when two different sources of fish meal were used. Throughout the period investigated, it was confirmed that the lactobacilli are the only group of organisms generally present in the small intestine in numbers exceeding 104/g. Clostridia were regularly found at 102 to 104/g, but Clostridium welchii was isolated from only occasional samples. In the caeca, the total number of bacteria present at 2, 3, 4 and 6½ weeks was about 1011/g. Of these it was generally possible to isolate more than 20% using an anaerobic roll‐tube technique and oxygen‐free CO2. Many different types of anaerobes were isolated including strictly anaerobic budding bacteria which had not previously been studied. During the growth of the bird the flora changed. Anaerobic streptococci (peptostreptococci) predominated at 2 weeks but gradually decreased so ...

Abstarct A comparison was made between programmed and discovery learning at two age levels to test for retention. 80 female subjects, age range 24‐71, were given specially prepared courses of instruction in binary notation and a transfer task which consisted of converting numbers on punched paper tape into decimal notation. It was found that after a period of four months, the groups under 40 years of age suffered no significant loss of knowledge of the principles of binary notation nor decline in their ability to read punched paper tapes, whether they learned by programmed or discovery methods. But, it was found that for the groups over 50 years of age, only those groups who had learned by the discovery method did not experience a significant drop in retention scores on the principles test. However, on the transfer task, all the older groups experienced a significant drop in retention scores. It appeared that age was a more important variable than mode of learning in its effect on retention. But where dif...

Accreditation is an important word in higher education today and, the concept and process are of critical importance in many professions. Only graduates from accredited law schools are allowed to sit for bar examinations in most states. No one would think of creating a medical college that did not first obtain approval by the American Medical Association. Colleges and universities are almost all approved by regional accrediting bodies (my own institution is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, for example) and within a university, accreditation may be sought at the college or school level, departmental level or for individual programs. As a university administrator I have had an opportunity to be involved with quite a few accrediting actions, and it is apparent to me that the number of accrediting organizations is increasing. I think this is a healthy process and, because higher education is being held increasingly accountable to those who support it, accreditation is an expected activity for almost everyone. As I look at programs within higher education, I see that there is accreditation in the field of chemistry-American Chemical Society, in psychology-American Psychological Association, in nursingNational League for Nursing, in business-American Association for Colleges and Schools of Business, in recreationNational Recreation and Parks Association, in music-National Association of Schools of Music, in journalism-Accreditation Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications, in art-National Association of Schools of Art and Design and in a growing number of other academic disciplines. Geography, unfortunately, is not on that list, and it should be. As the chairman of the Committee on Professional and Career Development of the Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers, I have had an opportunity to think about and to discuss the matter of accreditation for geography and have reached the conclusion that geography as a discipline should move toward national accreditation. There are many reasons why I have accepted that conclusion; some are scholarly, some professional, and some merely practical. Included in the reasons why I think geography should move toward accreditation are the following