1. Chondrocyte spheroids on microfabricated PEG hydrogel surface and their noninvasive functional monitoring
- Author
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Toshiya Sakata, Hidenori Otsuka, Masako Nagamura, Koichi Kutsuzawa, Yuji Miyahara, and Akie Kaneko
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Focus Papers ,Materials science ,Cellular differentiation ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Spheroid ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Chondrocyte ,Cell membrane ,Extracellular matrix ,3D cell culture ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,0103 physical sciences ,Self-healing hydrogels ,PEG ratio ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,medicine ,Biophysics ,General Materials Science - Abstract
A two-dimensional microarray of 10 000 (100 × 100) chondrocyte spheroids was constructed with a 100 μm spacing on a micropatterned gold electrode that was coated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels. The PEGylated surface as a cytophobic region was regulated by controlling the gel structure through photolithography. In this way, a PEG hydrogel was modulated enough to inhibit outgrowth of chondrocytes from a cell adhering region in the horizontal direction, which is critical for inducing formation of three-dimensional chondrocyte aggregations (spheroids) within 24 h. We further report noninvasive monitoring of the cellular functional change at the cell membrane using a chondrocyte-based field effect transistor. This measurement is based on detection of extracellular potential change induced as a result of the interaction between extracellular matrix protein secreted from spheroid and substrate at the cell membrane. The interface potential change at the cell membrane/gate interface can be monitored during the differentiation of spheroids without any labeling materials. Our measurements of the time evolution of the interface potential provide important information for understanding the uptake kinetics for cellular differentiation.
- Published
- 2012