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Two trials were conducted to evaluate the influence of virginiamycin (26 mg/kg) and monensin (34 mg/kg) supplementation of a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet containing 15% distiller dried grains plus solubles (DDGS) on growth performance and digestive function. In Trial 1, 135 steers (257 ± 21 kg) were used to evaluate treatment effects on 145-d growth performance. There were no treatment effects (P > 0.20) on dry matter intake (DMI). Antibiotic supplementation tended to increase average daily gain (ADG; 7%, P = 0.07); increased gain efficiency (11%, P < 0.01) and estimated dietary net energy (NE; 10%, P < 0.01). Carcass marbling score was greater (12%, P = 0.04) for virginiamycin vs. monensin. In Trial 2, three Holstein steers (300 ± 7 kg) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square to evaluate treatment effects on digestion. Both monensin and virginiamycin depressed ruminal digestion of organic matter (OM; 6%, P < 0.01) and feed nitrogen (N, 15%, P = 0.03) and microbial protein synthesis (15%, P = 0.03). T...

The majority of day laborers in the USA are Latinos. They are engaged in high-risk occupations and suffer high occupational injury rates.To describe on-the-job injuries reported by Latino day laborers, explore the extent that demographic and occupational factors predict injuries, and whether summative measures for total job types, job conditions, and personal protective equipment (PPE) predict injuries.A community survey was conducted with 327 participants at 15 corners in Houston, Texas. Hierarchical and multiple logistic regressions explored predictors of occupational injury odds in the last year.Thirty-four percent of respondents reported an occupational injury in the previous year. Education, exposure to loud noises, cold temperatures, vibrating machinery, use of hard hats, total number of job conditions, and total PPE significantly predicted injury odds.Risk for injury among day laborers is not only the product of a specific hazard, but also the result of their exposure to multiple occupational hazards.

This study evaluated the effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on intake, ruminal fermentation, and duodenal flow and digestion of nutrients in steers fed diets with whole Pima cottonseed (WPC) or cracked Pima cottonseed (CPC). Four Holstein steers (167±5 kg body weight) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas with a 4×4 Latin square in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments (WPC or CPC; 0 or 15 g enzyme) were used. Steers were fed wheat flaked-based diets with 9.95% of WPC or CPC as dry matter basis. Enzymes increased molar proportion of acetate in steer fed WPC, but in those fed CPC acetate decreased. Feeding enzymes increased duodenal flow of organic matter in steers fed WPC, but not in those fed CPC. Also, enzymes increased duodenal flow of N, non-ammonia N, and intestinal digestion of N in steers fed WPC and CPC.

Montano, M.F., Loya-Olguin, J.L., Plascencia, A., Salinas Chavira, J. and Zinn, R.A. 2010. Effect of variation in supplement inclusion rate and laidlomycin propionate on growth performance of feedlot cattle. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 37: 83–87. One hundred twelve yearling steers (364±3.4 kg) were used in a 123-d finishing trial to evaluate the interaction of laidlomycin propionate and variation in supplement inclusion rate on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Two levels of laidlomycin propionate (0 vs. 10 mg/kg) and two levels of variation in daily supplement (12 g urea, 18 g limestone, 2 g Mg02 and 5 g trace mineralized salt) inclusion rate (O vs 20% coefficient of variation) were evaluated in a 2x2 factorial arrangement. Variation was produced by altering the inclusion rate of the supplement portion of the diet to achieve a 20% CV in supplement concentration of the complete mixed, as follows: on d 1 and 5 of each week the diet contained 125% of the specified amount of supplement; on d ...

Plascencia, A., Alvarez, E.G., Montanto, M., Salinas-Chavira, J. and Zinn, R.A. 2009. Effects of dietary calcium levels on growth-performance and digestive function in cattle fed a high-fat finishing diet. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 36: 179–184. A growth performance and digestion trial was conducted to evaluate the influence of dietary calcium level on the feeding value of a high-fat (11%) finishing diet. Treatments consisted of three levels of dietary Ca: 0.50, 0.70 and 0.90% (DM basis). Ca source was limestone and yellow grease was included as supplemental fat. There were no treatment effects (P>0.20) on DMI. Increasing dietary Ca level enhanced ADG (P 0.10) on total tract digestion of OM, ...