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A novel approach to the study of venoms characterizes and compares the venom structure of genus Dendroaspis presented in this work. The complex molecular structure of individual venoms of genus Dendroaspis was defined graphically as a record of synchronous fluorescence fingerprint and atomic force microscopy. Simple comparison of these methods mentioned above of individual analyzed venom samples will immediately reveal changes in each venom composition. Application of these methods with electrophoresis and total protein concentration are new alternatives that were used for monitoring venom composition in selected snakes. Electrophoretogram of black mamba with very low content of total proteins contained the largest number of separated fractions, whereas synchronous fluorescence analysis showed that the highest endogenous fluorescence was found in the venom of black mamba compared with the venom of green mambas, respectively. Our results confirmed different molecular structure in the venom of the genus Den...

An intraperitoneal administration of PB at a daily dose of 50 mg Kg-1 body wt for 4 days increased the specific content of hepatic microsomal heme, cytochrome P450 and the activity of aminopyrine N-demethylase by 1.8, 2.8 and 3.5 fold respectively. These results were substantiated by the intensification of the 52.5 KDa polypeptide in the electrophoretogram of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the hepatic microsomes obtained from PB-pretreated versus control macaques. PB did not affect the hepatic content of cytochrome b5 and the activity of NADPH cytochrome c reductase, whereas it decreased the activity of NADH cytochrome c reductase in the rhesus monkeys. To the best of our knowledge this is a first report on the induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 and related enzymes by PB in rhesus monkeys.

Proteins were extracted and separated by SDS-PAGE from leaves of scions and rootstocks of different Vitis cultivars. Banding patterns were used to identify the different cultivars after extraction of the proteins with a medium containing Tris-HCI (0.68 M, pH 7.8), SDS (2%), β-mercaptoethanol (5%), glycerol (10%) and PEG 20 000 (2%). Electrophoretogram formulae using relative band mobility and staining intensity of the different bands were calculated for the different cultivars. No differences in Rm values were found between individual scion or rootstock cultivars but the technique can be used to distinguish between scion and rootstock cultivars.

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of gliadin proteins in an acid medium was used to identify different spring wheat cultivars. Gliadins were extracted from single kernels or corresponding flour samples using different solvents. Gliadin electrophoretogram formulae using relative band mobilities and staining intensities were determined for each cultivar. Distinctive band patterns were obtained enabling the cultivars to be identified. Single kernels and flour samples gave identical band patterns differing only in the intensity of the staining of the bands.