1. Levorphanol in the Perioperative Setting: Decreasing Opioid Requirements While Improving Pain Management
- Author
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Sergio D. Bergese, Ana Mavarez-Martinez, Carlos Andres Perez, Sara Khan, and Christopher R. Page
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Opioid use ,Perioperative ,Pain management ,Food and drug administration ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Opioid ,030202 anesthesiology ,medicine ,Levorphanol ,Intensive care medicine ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug ,Experimental pharmacology ,Methadone - Abstract
Levorphanol is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved long-acting opioid. Most information on perioperative use of levorphanol comes from the early- and mid-1950s when this drug emerged in the field of experimental pharmacology and anesthesia. It was mainly studied during this period with some additional data being generated in the 1960s and 70s. Since this time, perioperative use has declined and research is limited. This review of literature aims to provide pharmacologic and historic description of levorphanol as a tool for perioperative pain management and as an aid to potentially decrease total postoperative opioid use during the current opioid crisis.
- Published
- 2020