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Oxide semiconductor-based thin-film transistor (oxide-TFT) technology have gained significant attention since the innovation of n-channel oxide-TFT using ZnO and amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O (a-IGZO) channels because of their superior device properties including excellent electrical property such as high TFT mobility over >10 cm2/Vs and the low-cost manufacturability originating from the low-temperature processability. Already, n-channel a-IGZO-TFT is widely employed as a TFT pixel switching backplane for several high-performance active-matrix flat-panel displays, and oxide-TFT technology to date is well acknowledged as the best TFT technology for future device applications in the wide range area of electronics such as sensors, Internet of things (IoT), energy-harvesting, medical/bio-interface device, etc. Therefore, the development of large-scale circuit beyond discrete TFT device level becomes increasingly important and is vital to advance the next stage of oxide-TFT technology. In particular, developing oxide-TFT-based inverter device technology is the key for developing several digital and analog circuits. In this paper, the recent progress and challenges in oxide-TFT-based inverter technology, including unipolar NMOS, PMOS, CMOS, and CMOS-like inverters using ambipolar oxide-TFT, are reviewed.

The joining of Tungsten (W) and reduced activation ferritic–martensitic steel (RAFMs) is crucial to the fabrication of divertors in future fusion reactors. In this work, an Fe75.0Si8.33B16.67 (at.-...

We studied the effect of Si-ion irradiation on Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) thin films. Amorphous GST thin films were irradiated with 80 MeV Si6+ ions and studied using XRD, FESEM and UV–Vis-NIR measurements. A...

At present, the country vigorously calls for the use of green, energy-saving and environmentally friendly materials in various fields, especially in electronic power systems that require the use of...

LaFeO3 films were deposited to a thickness of 0.5 nm onto amorphous SiO2 by Atomic Layer Deposition and used as supports for Pt. Uniform coverage of the SiO2 was demonstrated by Scanning Transmissi...

In this study, a chemical reaction process was designed to prepare the endogenous conversion coating on a smooth and clean amorphous alloy surface, solving the problem of non-wetting of the interfa...

In this research, transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding of IN718 and SS316L dissimilar alloys was carried out using MBF-20 amorphous interlayer. The effects of bonding temperature and time ranging f...

Mesoporous SBA-15 has been synthesised using a binary acid H2SO4 as media. The effects of H2SO4 concentration and synthesis temperature on the morphologies and mesostructures of the obtained mesopo...

This paper studies optical properties of Nitrogen-doped a-SiC amorphous, commonly called, silicon carbonitride (SiCN) thin films deposited on polished and textured silicon wafers by reactive RF mag...

The structure of amorphous As33.3Se33.3S33.4, As33.3Se33.3Te33.4 chalcogenide glasses have been studied by X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering methods. The results are explained by the Elliott’s...

Micron-scale powdered amorphous soft magnetic materials are highly pursued for miniaturised and high-efficiency power inductors working at high frequencies due to their excellent soft magnetic prop...

Dissimilar Ti-based amorphous alloy sheets were butt welded by a pulsed laser and metallurgical joints were obtained. The β-Ti crystal grains in nanometre scale unevenly distribute on the amorphous...

2,7-Di(4-biphenyl)-9,9-dihexylfluorene was synthesized by a multi-step synthetic rout. The material was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, ...

In this work, the effect of volume fraction, thermal, mechanical and interphase properties of nanoparticles on the shape memory behavior of amorphous polymeric nanocomposite was investigated. The p...

In this work, crystallization kinetics and phase formation of the Hf64Cu18Ni18 glassy ribbon were studied. It was observed that the ribbon crystallizes via two exothermic peaks. Further, the activa...

In the current study, we demonstrate a structured approach to downstream process development for spray dried amorphous solid dispersions. Direct compression is generally not suitable due to typically poor flow of spray dried powders in tablets. Roller compaction (RC) is therefore the method of choice to enable spray dried dispersion downstream processing. Here, a structured experimental design of RC process parameters was used. The objective was to identify process conditions that lead to improved powder flow without compromising tablet robustness. Ten blends were compacted using different process parameters, and subsequently compressed into tablets. The impact of process parameters on granules and tablet properties was analyzed. We demonstrate that compaction force, gap and mesh aperture have major impact on RC outcomes. A combination of large gap and low force was identified as optimum combination of RC process parameters leading to powder flow improvement that could guarantee low tablet weight variation and at the same prevented loss of blend compressibility.

The disposal of radioactive iodine waste is a top priority for the nuclear industry. This work mainly studies the replacement of crystalline material (SiO2) in silicate-based material with amorphou...

Curcumin is known for its various therapeutic properties like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, however, its oral use is restricted due to its low solubility and dissolution rate in alkal...

Introduction: Solid dispersion has been considered to be one of the most promising methods for improving the solubility and bioavailability of insoluble drugs. However, the physical stability of solid dispersions (SDs), including its aging and recrystallization, or phase separation, has always been one of the most challenging problems in the process of formulation development and storage.Areas covered: The high energy state of SDs is one of the primary reasons for the poor physical stability. The factors affecting the physical stability of SDs have been described from the perspective of thermodynamics and kinetics, and the corresponding theoretical model is put forward. We briefly summarize several commonly used techniques to characterize the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of SDs. Specific measures to improve the physical stability of SDs have been proposed from the perspective of prescription screening, process parameters, and storage conditions.Expert opinion: The separation of the drug from the polymer, the formation, and migration of drug crystals will cause the SDs to shift toward the direction of energy reduction, which is the intrinsic cause of instability. Furthermore, computational simulation can be used for efficient and rapid screening suitable for the excipients to improve the physical stability of SDs.

The joining of amorphous alloys and common metals has been hot subjects of abundant studies in recent years. Nevertheless, the crystallization and fracture of amorphous alloy are still big challeng...

The aim of this article is to investigate the corrosion behaviours of arc-sprayed AlSiFeNiRE amorphous/nanocrystalline coating under different solution temperatures and different solution flow velo...

Amorphous solid products have recently gained a lot of attention as key solutions to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble nutraceuticals. A pure amorphous drug is a high-energy form; physically/chemically unstable and so easily gets recrystallized into the less soluble crystalline form limiting solubility and bioavailability issues. Amorphous solid dispersion and co-amorphous are new formulation approach that stabilized unstable amorphous form through different mechanisms such as preventing mobility, high glass transition temperature and molecular interaction. Nutraceuticals have been received the utmost importance due to their health benefits. However, most of these compounds have been associated with poor oral bioavailability due to poor solubility, high lipophilicity, high melting point, poor permeability, degradability and rapid metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) which limits its health benefits. This review provides us a systematic application of amorphous systems to the delivery of poorly soluble nutraceuticals, with the aim of overcoming their pharmacokinetic limitations and improved pharmacological potential. In particular, it describes the challenges associated with delivery of oral nutraceuticals, various methods involved in the preparation and characterization of amorphous systems and permeability enhancement of nutraceuticals are in detail.

Water resources have fundamental importance both for living beings life and for human activities. The lack of water can be a limiting factor for occupation and development of a certain region. Phot...

Contemporary urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins with low-molar-ratio contain highly crystalline domains induced by the hydrogen (H) bonds between their linear molecules, which inhibits cross-linking, an...

In this work highly amorphous zero valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesised using young shoots of Camellia sinensis. Polyphenol-coated ZVI NPs were characterised using Ultraviolet-vis...

We experimentally investigate the foamability of PVP 2.5k/ethanol and amorphous α-maltose/methanol solution under moderate vacuum. We investigate the influence of the solution concentration and the...

Most new drug candidates under development are poorly water-soluble, which are related to multiple pharmaceutical issues, increasing the bioavailability of these drugs by the improvement of solubility/dissolution has become a major concern to develop efficacious drugs with reasonable dosing regimens for patients. Over the past decade, increasing reports have been published on the investigation of co-amorphous drug delivery systems, with positive and excited outcomes in improvingThis review summarizes recent findings of co-amorphous systems and provides their updates as a comprehensive overview in terms of classification, co-formers selection, preparation methods, physicochemical characteristics andCo-amorphous system, a homogeneous single-phase system containing two compatible drugs or a drug with a pharmaceutically acceptable small-molecule co-former, has been employed as a promising formulation technology to improve

This paper communicates new results on fire aided limnosilicte mining in a Hungarian paleolithic site. The beneficial effect of temperature on material fragmentation and chipping was proved by labo...

The SiO2 varieties of low temperature other than quartz play an important role in the composition of many archeological tools, products, byproducts, and raw materials. We have encountered several S...

The research on laser drilling of amorphous foils can promote the application of amorphous alloy in micro-machining. In this article, the effects of current, pulse width and defocusing amount on th...

Two-mode valence electron configuration of carbon atoms lays the foundation of the unique two-mode amorphous state of the carbon solid. From the fundamentals of solid-state physics, sp3 and sp2 amo...

The paper aims at understanding the microstructure evolution of the diffusion brazing of γ-TiAl intermetallic compound using two Ni-based filler metals, a ternary Ni-Si-B, and a quinary Ni-Cr-Fe-Si...

It was of interest to correlate the solid-state acidity to the decomposition of a model drug namely cefotaxime sodium. Amorphous samples containing either an indicator probe (thymol blue) or a model drug (cefotaxime sodium) were prepared by freeze-drying. The prepared samples were characterized using XRPD and Karl Fischer titrimetry. The acidity in the solid state was measured using reflectance spectroscopy. The kinetics of hydrolysis of cefotaxime sodium was studied in solid state at 50 °C in the Hammett acidity range of 8.12-8.61 and at constant ionic strength. The kinetics of decomposition of cefotaxime sodium in solution was also studied in basic media in the pH range of 7.9-8.9 at 50 °C and at constant ionic strength. The degradation was monitored using a validated HPLC method. The hydrolysis was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics in solution and solid state. The results obtained showed that there is a good correlation between the Hammett acidity function and the base-catalyzed decomposition of cefotaxime sodium in the solid state. The Hammett acidity-rate profile for cefotaxime decomposition is similar to the pH-rate profile obtained in solution. The decomposition of cefotaxime sodium in the solid state was found to be sensitive to the ionic strength.

Introduction Amorphous powder formulations exist in marketed dry-powder inhaler (DPI) products and they will continue to increase. However, amorphous powders are inherently unstable and prone to recrystallize with the aerosol performance reduced if not handled properly. Areas covered In this review, we described the occurrence of amorphous materials for inhalation resulting from the production process along with major issues and challenges, followed by risk mitigation strategies for amorphous inhalation powders, including protective packaging, processes for minimization of amorphous contents, use of substances with a high glass transition temperature, coating or surface treatment of the powders and co-formulations of drugs. Specific examples were included for illustration of these strategies, and in particular, emphasis was placed on the use of hydrophobic excipients such as leucine and stearates, and co-amorphous glass systems of two drugs or a drug and an excipient. Expert opinion Researchers have been striving to overcome many problems associated with developing and delivering amorphous powders for inhalation. A combination of two or more de-risking approaches covered in this review may help circumvent instability of amorphous inhalation powders and maintain aerosol performance during drug delivery and storage.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of cold spraying parameters on the performance of Fe-based amorphous alloy (FAA) coating. A FeCoCrMoBCY amorphous alloy coating was prepared on...

The present study was designed to prepare dapagliflozin (DFG) loaded ternary solid dispersions (SDs) using the carrier blend polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) and poloxamer 188 (PLX 188). The pre...

Al85Ni8Y4Ce3 amorphous coatings were prepared on Q235 steel by laser thermal spraying and laser remelting. The structure and thermodynamic behaviour of the coating were analysed by scanning electro...

In the case of sp2 amorphous carbons, formed by nanoscale graphene domains framed by heteroatom necklaces (basic structure units in total), inelastic neutron scattering and photoabsorption ensure s...

We have investigated the properties of InGaZn6O9 thin films fabricated by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering for the application to the electrodes in transparent thin film transistor (TTFT)....

Determination of local atomic structure at nanoscale for both amorphous and nanocrystalline materials is very difficult and challenging. Local arrangement of atoms needs to be studied for understan...

We describe how the off-state current (Ioff) property of amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors is caused by trap-assisted tunneling (TAT) by using a two-dimensional device simulation sof...

In this work, amorphous Fe-Ni-B magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized, and oleic acid (OA) was used to improve the hydrophobic and oleophilic performance. The core-cell Fe-Ni-B@OA particles were ...

An amorphous equiatomic FeCrMnNiC alloy thin film was synthesised on silica and silicon substrates by ion beam sputter deposition. Scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,...

At the isothermal annealing below the crystallization temperature, dependences of the internal friction on time for the thin-film nanogranular composite consisting of crystalline nickel (Ni) and an...

An amorphous material based on multiferroic BiFeO3 was obtained, using melt quenching method. Its dielectric properties were studied within the temperature range −200 to 600°С. The material is char...

In this paper, we perform molecular dynamics simulations of a dielectric fluidic material composed of permanent molecular dipoles. The dielectric spectrum features two peaks at lower frequencies th...

The complexity of food materials can be attributed to their hygroscopic, amorphous, heterogeneous, and porous structure. During processing, the microstructure of food materials changes; this signif...

In this study, Fe-based amorphous coatings were fabricated on 304 stainless steel by high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF). Moreover, the properties of Fe-based amorphous coatings heat-treated at 150°C and ...