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Whom we date and are intimate with is structured by race and racism. Recent research has focused on "personal preference" discourse and sexual stereotyping to highlight how and why race and racism affect online and offline interactions. Yet relatively less work focuses on racial fetishization - race-based fixation on a bodily part or characteristic that involves both idolization and demonization of racial difference. Drawing on recent theorizing around racialized feelings, we investigated how racial fetishization materializes and makes men of color feel. We used two sources of data: 858 unique profile screenshots and 26 in-depth interviews with users of Grindr, Scruff, and Jack'd - three popular dating apps for sexual minority men. We found that while instances of racial fetishization were rare in public profiles, a majority of men of color discussed its prevalence. As a result of racial fetishization, men of color described feeling: (1) objectified; (2) that it hindered the formation of platonic or intimate connections; and (3) boxed in and minimized to a stereotype. Our results suggest that racial fetishization induces particular racialized feelings in men of color, and we suggest ways that these racialized feelings might be connected to the reproduction of racial and sexual inequality.

Summary: Photocarcinogenesis is the production of tumors by sunlight. Since consumer products have been found to modify the course of cutaneous photocarcinogenesis in animal models, and since this modification is thought to be clinically relevant, we have developed and implemented procedures to evaluate a test article/substance as a potential modifier of photocarcinogenesis. Prior to beginning a photocarcinogenesis study, range-finding studies are conducted to determine certain characteristics of the test article/substance and its vehicle (e.g., primary irritancy, photosensitivity, and photoprotection). Additionally, the doses of test article/substance, the doses of sunlight exposure, and the most appropriate sequence for administering these two variables are determined from the range-finding studies and the intended use of the test article/substance. The test system is the Crl:SKH1 (hr/hr)BR, albino, hairless mouse. The source of “sunlight” is a 6.5 kW xenon arc lamp modified to emit radiation th...

People with haemophilia have been infected by HIV through blood products required for the treatment of their bleeds. In a recent study in Scotland their knowledge of HIV/AIDS and their behavioural changes were explored. It was found that people with severe haemophilia were better informed about HIV and AIDS than the mildly/moderately affected, bur only the knowledge of precautions in mildly/moderately affected patients was positively associated with their change of sexual practices. Mildly/moderately affected patients, who were less at risk of contracting HIV, reduced their treatment more than the severely affected patients. Only one third of patients applied safe-sex practices and a greater proportion of those who did not were single men, some of them HIV antibody positive.

The combined effects of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in a photosensitizing protocol (psoralen-UVA, PUVA) were studied in hairless albino mice. The psoralen was administered orally by a pulse-feeding technique in which fasted mice were provided access to psoralen-containing feed. The mice were then exposed to radiation sources consisting of flurorescent “blacklight” lamps (F74T12 PUVA, Sylvania) either with or without an intervening filter designed to eliminate shortwave (UVB, λ < 320 nm) radiation. Exposure intervals were selected so that the total amount of ultraviolet A (UVA, λ 320–400 nm) delivered by the two configurations was equal (2 J/cm2). A series of dietary levels of 8-MOP provided mice with 0, 100, 250, and 625 mg/kg of diet. Neither radiation source, nor any tested 8-MOP level, produced grossly evident cutaneous damage, produced carcinogenesis, or reduced survival. In combination with either source, there was a consistent dosage-dependent enhancement of car...

In this study, we have used a platelet counting technique to measure platelet aggregation in whole blood from thrombocytopaenic patients who had platelet counts in the range 18 × 10(9)/I-85 × 10(9)/1. Aliquots of blood were incubated with platelet agonists in a shaking water bath at 37°C. Platelet aggregation was quantified by measuring the fall in single platelets counted in an Ultra-Flo 100 Whole Blood Platelet Counter. ADP (2 M), collagen (1 g/ml) and ristocetin (0.5-2 mg/ml) induced a fall in platelet count of 50%, 60% and 80% respectively. It is concluded that the present method can be used as part of the screening procedure to determine platelet function disorders when platelet counts are too low for aggregation studies with the more widely used photometric technique. A. R. Saniabadi, C. D. Forbes, J. Belch, Department of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, G. Lowe, Department of Medicine, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, J. C. Barbenel, Bioengineering Unit, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.

(1988). Retinoids and Photocarcinogenesis: A Review. Journal of Toxicology: Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology: Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 241-253.

The effects of oral doses of 1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid (DICA) on spermatogenesis in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) was studied. Four animals given five daily 50 mg/kg doses or three or five daily 500 mg/kg doses showed that DICA was an exfoliating antispermatogenic compound. The inhibition of spermatogenesis was only partially reversible following 500 mg/kg doses of DICA. Weekly and monthly 50 mg/kg doses of DICA only partially inhibited spermatogenesis as measured by electro-ejaculated sperm counts. Response in individual monkeys ranged from azoospermia to no effect. Testicular biopsies confirmed this finding. DICA did not affect serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), or testosterone concentrations. The blood absorption or urinary excretion rates of uniformly tritiated DICA in the animals that responded well did not differ from those monkeys that responded poorly. DICA metabolites were not detected in monkey urine. Serum testosterone concentrati...

This study used simulated solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure of hairless mice to produce skin tumors and 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to increase the likelihood of tumor expression. We evaluated the protection afforded by several concentrations of a sunscreen ingredient (by measuring reduction of “promotable” effects initiated by UVR); the data show that 2-ethyl hexyl-p-methoxycinnamate (2-EHMC) provided protection against photocarcinogenesis (the level of protection increasing with concentration of sunscreen). A second sample of 2-EHMC (drawn from a different production batch) also suppressed photocarcinogenesis but less effectively than the first sample. The study was also useful for evaluating whether the test agents could act as initiators in the two-stage process of tumorigenesis. The data show that repeated applications of TPA did not promote tumor growth in skin pretreated with any sunscreen ingredients alone (i.e., either sample of 2-EHMC in the absence of UVR).

Thromboxane A2 production in response to arachidonic acid and collagen in platelet rich plasma was studied in vitro. Maximal aggregation and T×A2 production was achieved at 4 ug/ml and 0.5 mM for collagen and arachidonic acid respectively. Hydralazine significantly inhibited T×A2 production in response to 4 ug/ml collagen independently of any inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation, and also inhibited both aggregation and T×A2 production in response to 0.5 mM arachidonic acid. Endralazine, a similar vasodilator was without effect. The inhibitory effect of hydralazine on T×A2 may be of value in the treatment of vascular disorders such as PIH.

Approximately ten per cent of all pregnancies are complicated by pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and deficiency of prostacyclin (PGI2) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of the disease. In this study an umbilical artery perfusion model was used to compare the ability of the arteries from normal and hypertensive pregnancies to produce PGI2 in response to normal platelet poor plasma, which is known to contain PGI2 stimulating factor. Umbilical arteries from two patients suffering from PIH were exhausted of spontaneous PGI2 production before perfusion with normal platelet poor plasma. In each case an artery from a normal pregnancy was used as a control. In each experiment levels of PGI2 metabolites rose from a baseline levels of 50pg/ml to 1000pg/ml in the normal arteries, whereas the arteriesfrom patients with PIH showed no significant rise.

SummaryAlteration in the structure or function of hair follicles have been recognized as reliable indicators of damage induced by radiation or chemicals. The damage has been expressed as epilation, changes in hair colour and follicular dysplasia.This paper introduces a new method for analysing damage in hair follicles. The criterion of damage involves the production of densely-pigmented cells in an abnormal location: the mitotically-active matrix region of the growing hair follicle. This hyperpigmentation is a sensitive indicator, produced by relatively low doses of radiation or chemicals. As used here, the change is quantal, follicles being recognized as normal-appearing or affected on the third day after treatment.The fraction of normal follicles decreases exponentially with increasing dose of three treatment modalities: x-rays to the skin surface, ultra-violet radiation to the skin undersurface, or actinomycin-D injected subcutaneously. Expressed in contemporary radiobiological terms, the dose—response...

(1859). XVIII. On some points of analogy between the molecular structure of ice and glass; with special reference to Professor Erman's observations on the structural divisions of ice on Lake Baikal. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 18, No. 118, pp. 102-105.

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(1981). Blood and plasma viscosity in prediction of venous thrombosis. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation: Vol. 41, No. sup156, pp. 271-271.