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Roden Crater, New Mexico, engages with the phenomenology of light and the celestial sphere. Because such phenomena elude capture by photography, first-hand experience is necessary. However, the pro...

Survivor trees are those which have survived disasters. They are often the only things left following the destruction of buildings by earthquakes, tsunamis, atomic blasts, and bombings. Survivor trees are located within the discourses of architecture and landscape architecture. This paper focuses particularly on the affectiveness of trees, their generation of emotions, and their propagation of atmosphere. Survivor trees at sites such as 9/11, the Oklahoma bombing, and the Japanese tsunami become affectively “sticky,” as places of emotional intensification with traces of the spectral. Haunting and affect theory are closely entwined, and both tune into the often invisible pulses that activate elements of the landscape. Both are entwined with the extraordinary and the supernatural, with heightened feelings, shivers and shimmers. This intensity of affect and haunting generates an affective atmosphere, that elusive aura which permeates places and moments with special feeling. Affective atmospheres suff...

This forum piece is an introduction to a mixed-methods study being conducted at the Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, UK on the experiences of those working in the UK adult...

The place of historic gardens within contemporary cities is a challenge for landscape architecture, particularly in relation to the experiential potential of heritage interpretation. How can the st...

People who inject drugs (PWID) are at disproportionately high risk of suicidal behaviors, as are individuals who report same-sex attraction or experience. However, there is little evidence of compounded risk of suicide for individuals who report same-sex sexual intercourse (SSI) and are PWID.To explore the associations of lifetime intentional overdose amongst a cohort of PWID, with particular attention to those reporting SSI.The sample included 529 participants, from an ongoing cohort of 757 PWID. An "ever" SSI variable was created for participants who reported sexual intercourse with a same-sex partner at any longitudinal interview. We explored the adjusted associations between SSI and lifetime intentional overdose using logistic regression.Ninety-one (17%) participants reported ever experiencing an intentional overdose. Forty-one (8%) participants reported SSI at any interview. Three hundred and sixty (68%) participants reported diagnosis of a mental health condition. Diagnosis of a mental health condition (AOR = 2.02, 95% CIs: 1.14, 3.59) and SSI (AOR = 2.58, 95% CIs: 1.22, 5.48) significantly increased the odds of lifetime intentional overdose. Conclusions/Importance: We found a heightened risk of intentional overdose amongst PWID reporting SSI, after controlling for diagnosis of a mental health condition. Services need to be aware of this heightened risk and target interventions appropriately.

The flows of garden-design models around the globe create a dynamic field in which imported approaches interact with local settings in a range of ways. Such interactions embody the play of power in...

Disasters are an engine for innovation; creativity becomes vital in responding to a disaster and leveraging it. For Christchurch, New Zealand, the earth-quakes of 2010 and 2011 have driven many ideas about how to rebuild the city and have inspired an explosion of temporary landscapes, events, and buildings. While the earthquakes themselves have invoked this remarkable opportunity for inventive thinking, they have also created a scenario which has ramifications far beyond the city itself. Because of the massive changes to the city's topography and hydrology, as a consequence of the multiple earthquakes, flooding has increased dramatically. This article focuses specifically on the implications of the city being catapulted into a watery future that are only still being imagined in other cities around the world. We share ideas that herald possibilities rather than fully resolved scenarios, remembering that it is crucial to avoid leaping to conclusions when delving into situations of dramatic change.

Hannah Arendt is rarely regarded as sympathetic to the ecological movement, an observation seemingly borne out by her critique of Marx's “naturalism” and by her apparently rigid and elitist distinction between nature and world. Here I challenge this reading, showing that Marx and Arendt had more in common than the latter presumed and that this commonality extends to a nonproductivist appreciation of nature, including the practices of labor and consumption that reproduce human life. Focusing on Arendt's theory of “worldliness” and her writings on the concept of culture, I note the importance Arendt attached to “taste,” which both judges and cares for the world, and how this cultured attitude originated in the careful tending of nature by the Romans. I argue for a more “conservationist” reading of Arendt, who theorized political action as a moderating dialogue between actors which brings to light the world of nature and artifice as a common concern.

This article started life as a response to the call for papers for the international Workshop 'Towards a Radical International Law', held at the London School of Economics in April 2011. The call for papers started with a bold declaration: International law is a prominent site for the investiture of hope in the face of global insecurities. Yet, as inequality deepens, violence remains rampant, and the earth’s resources become exhausted, the idioms in which that hope is typically expressed – human rights, development, international crime, and so on – are revealing their complicities and limitations. Some radical rethinking of international law seems urgently needed.In this article I explore some answers to the question whether there could or ought to be a radical international law, or even, more modestly, a radical approach to international law. Paavo Kotiaho has referred to 'the left wing international law project'. It should be noted at once that the literature generated by this project is almost entirely in the English language, and the object of my analysis in this article is that which is to be found in Britain and the USA.My own answer to the question is that almost all ‘critical’ or ‘radical’ international law is firmly located in the academy, or the ‘discipline’ or the ‘field’ as it is often called. It is often marked by eclecticism and the closely related pragmatism which traditionally emanates from the United States, just as British mainstream thinking is often termed ‘empiricism’.So what we have is the latest in a series of attempts to shake up or to re-frame the theory of international law. However, there is a plain disjuncture between on the one hand those with a professional and career interest in renewing the scholarly community, and on the other those who wish to apply their legal skills to the service of progressive causes.In this article I criticise the part of this large corpus of scholarly work which I have selected in some detail, on its own terms.There is a striking, for me, absence in almost all of this work. That is, the ‘radical international law’ pursued by organised engaged political lawyers, especially since World War II in the form of the International Association of Democratic Lawyers (IADL), on the basis of the organisation of politically active lawyers in a large number of states – for example, the National Lawyers Guild in the USA and the Haldane Society of Socialist Lawyers in England.

This article attempts a contrast to the contribution by Hugh Starkey. Rather than his account of the inexorable rise of human rights discourse, and of the implementation of human rights standards, human rights are here presented as always and necessarily scandalous and highly contested. First, I explain why the UK has lagged so far behind its European neighbours in implementing citizenship education. Second, a comparison with France shows that the latest UK reforms bring us up to 1789. Third, the twentieth-century second-generation social and economic rights are still anathema in the UK. Fourth, the failure to come to terms with Empire and especially the slave trade means that the UK’s attitude to third-generation rights, especially the right of peoples to self-determination, is heavily compromised. Taking into account the points I raise, citizenship education in the UK might look very different.

This paper proposes that photographs have the potential to generate new thinking about the experience of Antarctic exploration, suggesting particularly that the diversified photographies of the early twentieth century provide a means of harnessing the reactions of individuals marginalized by conventional text-based discourse. It considers the Antarctic experiences of “second-tier” explorer Ernest Joyce, outlining existing constructions of his Antarctica in order to provide a context for thinking with the group of photographs he compiled in response to his participation in three of the British-led expeditions of the so-called Heroic Era of Antarctic exploration. It suggests that Antarctica brought about a significant attitudinal shift for Joyce, drawing him away from a paradigm based in service to duty towards one where individual will might prevail. However, this attitudinal shift was not matched by the tangible recognition Joyce craved, making his Antarctica also a site for considering the restless opera...

Sir John Bowring was active in a number of different fields in British domestic affairs until he got into financial difficulties following the recession of the late 1840s. He then accepted from Palmerston the life-line of the post of consul in Canton, though he didn't enjoy it much. In 1854 he became governor of Hongkong, where his liberal ideas brought him into conflict with the local expatriate community. He played a key role in the events leading to the First Opium War, but perhaps his most positive achievement was the so-called Bowring treaty with Siam, which changed that country's commercial orientation for a hundred and fifty years.

Situated on the east side of Toronto's downtown core, in one of the oldest sections of Canada's largest city, is an 1870s house that is home to the largest collection of dance material in Canada. D...

Peggy Baker's project, The Choreographer's Trust, raises questions about the creator's authority in the preservation process. Her dual goals—documenting her choreography while allowing for interpretive latitude—create an apparent contradiction in which the choreographer's traditionally privileged position is both restricted and reinforced. Baker's example provides an opportunity for reflection on such dance preservation issues as the significance of embedding uncertainty into the archiving process, choreography's resistance to authoritative readings, and the positioning of an artist in relation to his or her archival material.

The idea that capitalist society is plagued by insoluble ‘contradictions’ is such a commonplace textbook treatment of Marx that its precise meaning is often overlooked. Teaching Marx to undergraduate social science students over the last ten years has made the need for more clarity on this issue a pressing pedagogical concern for me. This article explains, to a non-specialist audience, the link between Marx's political economy and his materialist conception of history, using his neglected concept of ‘fettering’ to make sense of the role which contradictions play in the process of social and political change. Although ‘fettering’ had a specific meaning for Marx, I acknowledge that there may be sound reasons for advancing a more flexible interpretation of the concept, so long as it is handled in a careful and rigorous way. By drawing on the notions of ‘relative fettering’ and ‘use fettering’, I suggest that the concept can be prised free from its narrow productivist origins in order to demonstrate Marx's relevance to the broader public critique of the social and environmental irrationalities of modern capitalism.

A small proportion of women require repeat treatments for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two cervical excisional techniques offered within a London teaching hospital (large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) and laser cone biopsy) when carried out as secondary procedures. A significantly larger volume of tissue was excised following laser cone biopsy, however the depth of the specimen did not differ significantly. A trend for a larger percentage of secondary specimens, resulting in complete endo-cervical margins and a larger proportion of women achieving cytology negative for CIN post-treatment was shown within the laser cone biopsy group.

One of the challenges of contemporary landscape architecture is the globalisation of place. Nowhere is the threat of homogenisation more apparent than in places vulnerable to change, where the potential loss of heritage fabric rings alarm bells. St. Petersburg is one such place, a UNESCO World Heritage site and a city which had existed outside of the excesses of late 20th-century Westernisation owing to its sequestration inside the Soviet Union. The city is changing in response to exposure to the West, and this could be a cause for concern, a worry that the city will become just another ‘placeless’ place. However, we argue that this is a superficial reading, and that in looking more deeply into the history and culture of St. Petersburg, a legacy of borrowing from elsewhere is revealed. Moreover, the aspirations for global ideals are not necessarily ‘placeless’, as we illustrate through the ways in which St. Petersburg has made the landscapes its own through the invention of tradition and a persistent sens...

This article explores the recent fate of the Russian experiment in national–cultural, non-territorial autonomy (NCA) through the prism of the experience of the Tatars. The Tatars are the most numerous minority in Russia and have achieved, peacefully, a very high degree of autonomy, in contrast to the Chechens. I seek to answer two questions. First, why did the NCA form at first appear so attractive to the Tatar elite? Second, why has it almost lost all significance to them and to others in Russia? It should be noted that this experiment is still presented by Russia as the centrepiece of its ‘nationalities policy’. Following some reflections on the importance of theory, I set out the latest Russian government depiction of the NCA experiment, as well as its critique by leading scholar Aleksandr Ossipov and the Russian Constitutional Court. I follow with an account of the history and influence of the Tatars in Russia. Fourth, I turn to the relationship of the Tatars with the theory and practice of N...

The aim of this study was to investigate the adhesive properties of an in-house amino-propyltrimethoxysilane-methylenebisacrylamide (APTMS-MBA) siloxane system and compare them with a commercially available adhesive, n-butyl cyanoacrylate (nBCA). The ability of the material to perform as a soft tissue adhesive was established by measuring the physical (bond strength, curing time) and biological (cytotoxicity) properties of the adhesives on cartilage. Complementary physical techniques, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman and infrared imaging, enabled the mode of action of the adhesive to the cartilage surface to be determined. Adhesion strength to cartilage was measured using a simple butt joint test after storage in phosphate-buffered saline solution at 37°C for periods up to 1 month. The adhesives were also characterised using two in vitro biological techniques. A live/dead stain assay enabled a measure of the viability of chondrocytes attached to the two adhesives to be made. A water-soluble tetrazolium assay was carried out using two different cell types, human dermal fibroblasts and ovine meniscal chondrocytes, in order to measure material cytotoxicity as a function of both supernatant concentration and time. IR imaging of the surface of cartilage treated with APTMS-MBA siloxane adhesive indicated that the adhesive penetrated the tissue surface marginally compared to nBCA which showed a greater depth of penetration. The curing time and adhesion strength values for APTMS-MBA siloxane and nBCA adhesives were measured to be 60 s/0.23 MPa and 38 min/0.62 MPa, respectively. These materials were found to be significantly stronger than either commercially available fibrin (0.02 MPa) or gelatin resorcinol formaldehyde (GRF) adhesives (0.1 MPa) (P

(2004). Importing the Law in Post-Communist Transitions. The Hungarian Constitutional Court and the Right to Human Dignity by Catherine Dupre. King's Law Journal: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 194-198.

Landscape design is an expression and repository of cultural values and beliefs, and in Aotearoa, New Zealand, the designed landscape faces particular challenges. Globalization is seen as a potential threat to landscape identity, which is even more significant for a country which has built its economy and self-image from its unique natural landscape. The potential for resistance is limited by the small size and youth of the profession of landscape architecture in New Zealand. While traditions of farming and gardening extend back to early European settlement in the mid nineteenth century, and beyond to indigenous Maori practices of land modification, professional landscape design is a relatively recent development (the first tertiary course in landscape architecture began at Lincoln College (now Lincoln University) in 1969). Landscape design in New Zealand draws its vocabulary from the power of the country's natural heritage landscapes, convinced that a naturalistic aesthetic exclusively represents environ...

Representations provide an accessible and challenging means of investigating the cultural landscape. While on the one hand images can be read as simple depictions or denotations of landscape, on the other they are rich in meaning, encapsulating a community's idealized vision of itself. The way in which a particular body of popular art—New Zealand's telephone book covers—conveys both 'real' and 'imagined' views of landscape is explored. These images privilege certain ideas about identity, with the selective visual language expressing a range of myths about the relationships between culture and landscape. The populist nature of these works holds a mirror up to society's values, and at the same time projects these ideals onto society, through the high public profile of the images.

(2002). Austro-Marxism's Last Laugh?: The Struggle for Recognition of National-Cultural Autonomy for Rossians and Russians. Europe-Asia Studies: Vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 229-250.

(2001). Markets, authority, and democracy: in praise of the professions. Economy and Society: Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 155-162.

(2000). Understanding Human Rights edited by Conor Gearty and Adam Tomkins. King's Law Journal: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 272-278.

(1999). Informal carers of aphasic stroke patients: stresses and interventions. Aphasiology: Vol. 13, No. 12, pp. 889-900.

The gnomonic (central) projection for a sphere is well known ([2] page 596). It has the characteristic that great circles project into straight lines, so that the shortest distance on the sphere projects into the shortest distance on the projection plane between the projections of the ends. Given a map obtained from the central projection, a pilot might plan a great circle route by drawing a straight line on it from starting point to destination. The positions of towns and geographical features on the map may then become apparent with regard to the line. The present paper studies the central projection for the spheroid, for which the corresponding characteristic is that great elliptic lines project into straight lines. Comparison may be made with [3] which shows the geodesic on various projections (e.g. UM and Lambert) as curved lines.

The inverse problem for all possible geodesics on the spheroid is solved in ways that are selected by the programme in a manner appropriate to any two given end positions. The comparatively simple total inverse solution for the great elliptic is also given.

Using compasses and two marked straight edges a construction can be made for the cube root of two, which effectively produces the side of a cube having twice the volume of a given cube. It is also shown how to construct the cube root of a random quantity. The methods use the Archimedes construction for trisecting an angle and are theoretically perfect.

An orthomorphic projection for the whole spheroid is produced using complex parametric latitude, and scale factors for Transverse Mercator type projections are examined. The unreal isocurve is defined and found to have an interesting sale factor related property.