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Cattle belonging to seven different genetic groups in Kerala state, India were chosen for the study to find out the genetic diversity between the groups, which would aid in their sustainable improvement and conservation of native cattle. They included the native groups namely, Vechur, Kasaragod, Vadakara dwarf and Vilwadri, along with three different grades of crossbred cattle, based on milk production. Genomic DNA was isolated from 20 to 30 unrelated animals of each group and a panel of 25 microsatellite markers as suggested by FAO-ISAG, were amplified by multiplex PCR. The PCR amplicons were genotyped and the allelic data analyzed using suitable Bioinformatics softwares. The present study showed that the observed number of alleles was much more than the expected, in all populations. The mean PIC value obtained for the present study was 0.8912 and increased number of private alleles were observed, especially in Vilwadri and Kasaragod groups. Negative value of F

Time series of temperature and salinity collected from a station in the NE Arabian Sea during March, April, May, October, and November was utilized to explain the behavior of internal tides. Analysis revealed the existence of semi-diurnal internal tides and high frequency (HF) internal waves (IW). It was observed that the amplitudes of HF IWs were determined by the degree of stratification in the thermocline. Corresponding to an increase in the density gradient in thermocline (0.016 kg/m4 in April to 0.14 kg/m4 in October), the temperature fluctuations due to internal tides increased from 1.5°C, respectively. Brunt-Vaiisala frequency also showed similar variations (∼10 cph to 22 cph). Within the thermocline, semi-diurnal internal tides caused fluctuations of >10m in the isotherm depths. A linear regression equation was fitted to parameterize the amplitude of HF IWs and its upper frequency limit in terms of thermocline gradient. The IW and one-dimensional models simulated the presence of interna...