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How can political actors identify which putative expert is truly expert, given that any putative expert may be wrong about a given policy question; given that experts may therefore disagree with on...

In 1982 the Soviet defector ‘Viktor Suvorov’ tantalizingly added an additional type of reserve formation to the Soviet Ground Forces’ three known categories of divisions. These ‘invisible’ division...

DSIR’s Industrial Psychology Division was founded in 1942 by Ernest Marsden, and its mission was to research the working conditions in factories of wartime New Zealand. The education of management and workers on good working practices was also an important part of its work, as was the undertaking of special service investigations, as required. The first director was Leslie Hearnshaw (my father), at the time a psychologist at Victoria University College, and he hired Ralph Winterbourn, Arthur Churton and later Ralph Waite to the division’s staff. Visits were made to factories all over New Zealand. Some of the issues that arose were the high level of absenteeism in New Zealand factories, the employment of women in many munitions factories, keeping workers motivated for tedious and repetitive work, excessive hours of work (in one case up to 74 hours per week) and poor lighting in factories causing eye strain.

In China, the need to integrate the air and rail networks has been identified and dozens of transport hubs that include air and HSR links have been built or are planned. In this research, which is complementary to Chen and Lin, the level and potential for air–rail integration at Shanghai Hongqiao Integrated Transport Hub is examined and analyzed. The results show that despite the excellent infrastructure the actual level of integration is low, while the potential benefits from such integration could be very large. It seems that in China the main barrier for air–rail integration is institutional and stems from the institutional (and cultural) division between air and rail transport and from the importance placed on promoting competition almost at any cost – both of these barriers can be said to be ‘imported’ to China from (especially) the U.S. and Europe. But with the infrastructure for air–rail integration in place, the potential to realize such an integration is far greater. A move away from the ...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the eight-dimensional non-associative unital division algebras {0}≠A over finite fields, admitting elementary abelian 2-group of automorphisms E≤Aut(A), ...

We study sequencing situations in which the customers are initially sequenced to be served by a single server. We consider both slack due windows and group technology simultaneously. We introduce two division rules to divide among the customers the cost saving from resequencing the customers to follow the optimal sequence and characterize the rules axiomatically. Applying cooperative game theory to analyze the sequencing games corresponding to the sequencing situations, we use the theory’s solution concepts to solve the games.

Let n≥3 be a natural number. Let Mn(𝔻) be the ring of all n×n matrices over a noncommutative division ring 𝔻. In the present paper, we will find the description of all additive mappings G:Mn(𝔻)→Mn(𝔻) such that [G(y),y] = G(y)y−yG(y) = 0 for all rank-1 matrix y. Precisely, we will prove that G(x) = λx+μ(x) for all x∈Mn(𝔻), where λ lies in the center of 𝔻 and μ is a central map.

The concepts of social reproduction and immaterial labour, normally deployed in accounts of art since the 1960s, can and should also be deployed in the examination of earlier periods of art practic...

This paper elaborates on a systematic research review containing 11,000 articles on international large-scale assessment (ILSA) research. Several activities operating under the ‘formal radar’ of science and governmental policy are observed, which we analytically name ‘grey zone’ activities. These activities are historicised, presented and discussed. An analytical division into three different reasons for performing the activities is made: an entrepreneurial policy reason, an entrepreneurial profitable reason and an appurtenance reason. This division highlights some of the actors in the educational grey zone. The paper is theoretical and elaborative, and contains examples of the activities that can be found in a grey zone.

In this book, Geoffrey Jackson ably compares and contrasts the fighting quality of the British 62nd Division with that of the 4th Canadian Infantry Division (CID) during the second half of the Firs...

Let F be a Henselian field such that F¯ is a global field. It is shown that if D is an F-central division algebra such that charF¯∤deg(D) then D contains a cyclic division algebra of prime degree even though D can be a noncrossed product. Here, our approach is based on the Albert’s cyclicity criterion and centralizer theorem.

This paper deals with the two-dimensional satellite module polygon packing problem. Based on the duality of material and space, it regards the polygon packing problem as a space allocation problem, which involves allocating the container space to the given polygons reasonably and efficiently. Ant colony’s labour division is essentially a kind of task allocation. Using this task allocation to achieve the space allocation in polygon packing problems, a flexible labour division approach (FLD) is proposed based on the response threshold model. According to the characteristics of space allocation in polygon packing problems, FLD designs three actions for polygons to occupy the container space. With the interaction between environmental stimulus and response threshold, each polygon takes an appropriate action to complete the space allocation and a layout that meets the requirements of satellite module layout is obtained. The results of standard test instances demonstrate the effectiveness of FLD when compared w...

Acceptance sampling, a major division in Statistical quality control, provides a guaranteed confidence on the product quality. Conventionally, when sampling plans are used all bad lots are rejected...

The target article by Kristof Kovacs and Andrew Conway (this issue) is of great importance. Of particular interest is its division of the common factor in IQ test performance into three elements: i...

The New Jersey Appellate Division has held that in long-tail allocation cases, the policyholder remains responsible for amounts allocable to insurers who became insolvent before December, 2...

Many manufacturers are moving to servitization, but making that move successfully requires considering the underlying business logic of a division or product. Differences in existing conditions, su ...

Although the Poisson’s ratio (PR) can predict the deformation of engineering materials under uniaxial tension, but seems that it cannot predict well the deformation of structures such as fabrics. It can be attributed to the lack of continuity among constituent elements that leads to some distortion of them during tension. Therefore, the PR is not a suitable tool to explain precisely the deformation of structures such as fabrics. For this reason, a new geometrical index was defined to quantify the deformation of fabrics in order to use instead of PR. This index named shape ratio is obtained by division of the variation of squared perimeter to the area of a printed square on the fabric under uniaxial tension. To check the defined index, warp-knitted fabrics with various structures such as Tricot, Locknit, and Three- and Four-needle satin were produced and tested using tensile tester. The results show that shape ratio can predict the deformation of warp-knitted fabrics as an orthotropic structure rather than...

In this paper, we use the index to investigate the supplier selection problem for one-sided processes with multiple independent characteristics. We first review the existing approach, which we refer to as the division method, then develop a new exact approach called the subtraction method. A two-stage selection procedure is developed based on the subtraction method for practical applications. We then compared the two methods with regard to selection power. The results show that the subtraction method we propose is indeed more powerful than the existing division method. A thin-film transistor type liquid-crystal display (TFT-LCD) application example is provided to illustrate the testing procedure.

An approach based on homotopy continuation algorithm is presented to identify the parameters of a cracked beam. Euler–Bernoulli finite beam element with a fully opened crack model is adopted to establish the dynamic equation of the structural system. In the inverse problem, the homotopy equation is derived from minimizing the error between the calculated and the simulated measured acceleration responses. The range of homotopy parameter is divided into a number of divisions. Newton iterative method is employed to estimate the solution at each of these division points. The solution at the last division point corresponds to the homotopy equation matching the objective function. Numerical simulations with a simply supported beam and two-span beam show that the proposed method is very accurate compared to an existing method for both single and multiple cracks identification. The effects of type of excitation, division of the homotopy parameter and measurement noise on the identified results are discuss...

Let k be a field of characteristic different from 2 and K a noncommutative division k-algebra of finite dimension over k. In the paper, subgroups of the general linear group GL2(K) that contain a subgroup which is conjugate in GL2(K) to the group of matrices with r ∈ k are described.

In the antiphon beginning “O Joseph, quomodo credidisti quod antea expavisti?” (“O Joseph, why have you believed what previously you had feared?”),1 Thomas D. Hill may well have found (“Liturgical ...

Terahertz (THz) wavelength division demultiplexer based on a compact defects-coupled photonic crystal waveguide is proposed and demonstrated numerically. This device consists of an input waveguide that perpendicularly coupled with a series of defects cavities, each of which captures the resonance frequency from the input waveguide. Coupled-mode theory and finite element method are used to analyze the transmission properties of the structure. It is found that the transmission wavelength centered around 1 THz can be adjusted by changing the geometrical parameters of defects cavities, which equals to THz waves generated by optical methods such as difference frequency generation and optical rectification. Applications in this frequency range are urgently needed. Furthermore, the highest transmission efficiency of 0.94 can be achieved when a perfect wavelength-selective mirror is set in the output waveguide.

The purpose of this research study is to identify whether academic librarians teach upper-division students about print reference resources, and how they teach students to use them. Questionnaires were sent to library instruction and reference services e-mail discussion lists. After analyzing results, researchers found that responses focused on the themes of pro-print, pro-electronic, relevance to instruction, collection development, and marketing. Using print reference in library instruction is related to the type of research assignment and electronic format availability. Librarians may want to consider engaging students in hands-on use of print and electronic reference material, so students are able to navigate the breadth of information sources.

There are an estimated 5.5 million people in America living with dementia. Out of this 5.5 million people, almost 20% live in residential care settings and nursing homes. Obviously, these individua...

A number of framing narratives have played a crucial role in discussions of the Waffen SS “Galicia” Division, which by the end of the Second World War had been renamed the 1st Ukrainian Division of...

This study investigated 11 pre-service middle school teachers’ solution strategies for exploring their knowledge of fraction division interpretations. Each participant solved six fraction division problems. The problems were organized into two sets: symbolic problems (involving numbers only) and contextual problems (involving measurement interpretation and the determination of unit rate interpretation). Results showed that most of the participants exhibited a great amount of procedural knowledge as they applied algorithms to obtain the correct answers to the symbolic problems. They also exhibited a great amount of conceptual understanding of how and why they obtained the correct answers to the contextual problems. However, the pre-service middle school teachers neither provided interpretations to the symbolic problems nor accepted that the contextual problems involved fraction division operation. The results suggest that the measurement and rate concepts were often unlinked to fraction division.

In a set of recent essays, including the one in this special section, George Ritzer (see also, e.g., Ritzer and Jurgenson 2010; Ritzer forthcoming) has been advancing a new grand narrative for capi...

We study division by 3 in Jacobians of genus 2 curves over binary fields with a 2-torsion subgroup of rank 1 or 2. We characterize the 3-torsion divisors and provide, for every , a formula for the coordinates of the divisors in the set .

Despite the unfortunate historical connotations with linear models of communication, I find the traditional three-way division of core foci for communication research—production, content, and audie...

A novel modularized twin-ring wavelength division multiplexer access network is proposed in this paper. By originally designing the switch module and the exchange module, the central office and the remote nodes are formed respectively. This gives the network both modularity and scalability. By using twin-ring topology, the architecture of network is constructed. It makes the network not only have high reliability, but also support wavelength tetra-reuse. By simulation, the mentioned functions are demonstrated. The simulating results show the network has good performance.

Importance measures are used to identify weak components and/or states in a system based on the component state random variables, which seem to be inadequate to show the corresponding actual situations. By contrast, the performance random variables own significant practical meanings and eliminate the subjectivity and limitation of state division and definition in many actual situations. In this paper, instead of state random variables, the performance stochastic processes are used for modeling all the components and the entire system, and the integrated importance measure (IIM) for the performance random variables are extended. The generalized IIM evaluates the contribution of component performance to the desired level of system performance. A case study of an oil transmission system is used to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach with importance measures.

The female employment rate in Western countries has risen dramatically in recent decades, but the division of unpaid family work remains strongly unequal. Clear solutions to this puzzle have proven elusive. This study aims to add new information from Italy to the knowledge concerning the division of domestic activities. To this end, two competing theoretical frameworks are tested, namely the relative resources perspective and the gender role attitudes perspective, using ordinary least-squares regression models. The analysis is based on a well-suited dataset confined to the city of Turin. The predictions from the relative resources perspective are poorly supported, whereas it is very difficult to draw a clear-cut conclusion as regards the gender role attitudes perspective. Further research is required to deepen these results.

In the September, 2012 50th Anniversary edition of Artforum, Claire Bishop wrote an article entitled “The Digital Divide”1 in which her first sentence was “WHATEVER HAPPENED TO DIGITAL ART?” This e...

A new hybrid algorithm based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the finite-volume method (FVM) is proposed for numerically calculating the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from building materials and predicting their space distribution. Most building envelopes are comprised of single as well as multilayer materials, with some of them being porous and others nonporous. First, only the LBM is used to calculate the VOC concentration in airtight and ventilated chambers with constant as well as variable ventilation. For multilayer materials, including both porous and nonporous, half-lattice division methodology in the LBM is used, which ensures flux continuity at the interfaces. Good agreement is found between computed results and experimental data available in the literature. The effect of variable ventilation is also studied for both types of sequences of porous/nonporous layers. Then the LBM coupled with the FVM is used to investigate the VOC concentration distribution in the room emitt...

The main outline of this investigation is demonstrating the behavior and details of gas-liquid contact on the cross-current trays using a 3D CFD model. The model has been applied to several operating conditions, and the effect of gas and liquid flow rates on the contact characteristics was studied, and in-depth picturing of local events was presented. Based on the picturing of details of flow features, an innovative division of flow region on the tray deck was presented. The tray is divided into four regions having different characteristics of flow phenomena, and these regions and their flow features are described as a novel outlook in this way. Although the extent of nonuniformities and interfacial area density are dependent on the operating conditions, but partial to total nonuniformities and weak phase mixing are present in all four regions.

A thermogravimetric (TG) experiment was conducted to study the oxidation process of a certain heavy oil sample mixing with quartz sand, and the oxidation process is described in detail by combining the multipeaks shape of TG curve with heavy oil's oxidation theory. Four stages of weight loss corresponding to earlier low temperature oxidation (LTO), later LTO, fuel deposition, and HTO(high temperature oxidation) were identified, and the demarcation points were clearly defined. Activation energy of each stage was figured by Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method. Compared with the conventional division method, four stages can describe the different stages of oxidation in more detail.

This paper proposes a practical solution to the problems arising when the conduction transfer function (CTF) method is applied to solve the 1D transient component of heat transfer in the internal zone of ground-coupled floors. The lower boundary condition for these problems must be imposed at a depth of several metres. The proposed method is based on the division of the ground domain into a number of layers that allows calculation of transfer function coefficients while keeping the first cross coefficient negligible. A mathematical expression is proposed for the proper layer thickness that assures the applicability of the CTF method to thick ground domains. A numerical validation for a slab-on-grade configuration has been carried out showing maximum errors of 0.09°C (0.42%) and 0.73 W/m2 (2.24%) for temperature and heat flow rates on the floor surface, respectively.

This study investigated analogical transfer of conceptual structure from a prior-knowledge domain to support learning in a new domain of mathematics: division by fractions. Before a procedural lesson on division by fractions, fifth and sixth graders practiced with a surface analogue (other operations on fractions) or a structural analogue (whole number division). During the lesson, half of the children were also asked to link the prior-knowledge analogue they had practiced to fraction division. As expected, participants learned the taught procedure for fraction division equally well, regardless of condition. However, among those who were not asked to link during the lesson, participants who practiced with the structurally similar analogue gained more conceptual knowledge of fraction division than did those who practiced with the surface-similar analogue. There was no difference in conceptual learning between the two groups of participants who were asked to link; both groups performed less well than did pa...

Despite being played in Brazil for more than 100 years, rugby has been restricted to a small community of interested players, a majority of whom have been foreigners (Gutierrez & Almeida, 2014). Ho...

Great British Plans comes at a timely moment in the story of British planning. As the country faces continuing division over large-scale planning projects of national significance, from London’s ai...

This is an important book that needed to be written. It is especially important as a contribution to understanding the characteristics of ‘modern societies’. The book documents and examines with gr...

This article examines the relationship between two concepts in strategic studies, grand strategy and operational art, to consider their aggregate effect on the fundamental concept of strategy. Grand strategy as a higher level of strategy fails to account for the entire ends-ways-means logic of strategy, thus requiring the introduction of another concept to compensate. Parallels are drawn between this conceptual dichotomy and the current practice in modern civil-military relations. Its conceptual division into two other distinct ideas is counterproductive to the fundamental task of strategy, although its practice is necessarily divided.

Topographic feature-point groups possess the information about morphological characteristics, developing mechanism and formation process of landform. This paper takes Aster GDEM (30 × 30 m grid cells) as data source to extract peak points and saddle points in the Tibet Plateau to construct topographic feature-point groups. The quantitative depiction and spatial distribution of topographic feature-point groups in the Tibet Plateau have been studied on the basis of a series of carefully designed experiments. Based on the experiment, the classification system of landform divisions has been constructed which consists of four lowly correlated factors. After the four factors are integrated into a comprehensive layer with image integration method, automatic landform division could be realized by the method of unsupervised classification. The result shows that topographic feature-point groups analysis is an effective method in recognizing the characteristics of macro landform. The classification system of landfor...

Much has been written about time use and the gender division of labour. There is also a sizeable literature examining teenagers' time use, particularly in relation to what are seen as valuable skills and dispositions. Most of this literature takes individuals rather than families or households as units of analysis. Several recent publications focus on couples with small children. However, we have not been able to find any studies dealing with more or less equitable division of labour within family households containing parent[s] and teenage children. This paper takes up the challenge to develop a model which starts with families rather than individuals as units of analysis. We use this model, and data from three successive Australian time-use surveys, to examine which variables help predict households that have more or less even - or 'democratic' - division of total productive, domestic and childcare activities between family members.

This article examines the expressive potential of audiovisual combination in rockumentary by analyzing films that represent (post-)punk bands, with particular emphasis on Grant Gee’s Joy Division (2007). By focusing on potentialities present in late 1970s Manchester, Gee’s rockumentary moves beyond historical documentation and ultimately argues that Joy Division’s alternately ethereal and machinic sound is expressive of urban spaces that remain audible in the music even after the image is gone. I position Joy Division as a rockumentary that resists the territory of romanticization and authentication prevalent in the reception history of Ian Curtis through its attention to psychogeography.