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In order to accurately divide the coal spontaneous combustion area of multi-layer goafs in shallow coal seam group so as to take effective control measures, a mathematical model is established on t...

Social work practice and training in the context of political and ethnic conflict has seen renewed interest among scholars. Recent research has tried to shift focus away from simplistic interpretat...

This article explores the recent history of Owino Market in Kampala, Uganda, to analyse the constraints to agency that exist in the informal economy. Detailing conflicts over market management and ...

Various divisions of the Song of Haazinu (Deut 32:1-43) have been proposed, based on diverse considerations of theme, meter, and language. The suggested division criteria, however, were not consist...

The United States maintains a constellation of sophisticated intelligence agencies that comprise a critical component of what some scholars refer to as the national security state. Many historians ...

Although zoning has great potential in coordinating regional development and destination management, it is challenging to derive an optimal zoning method in the historic district. To address this c...

Although intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection is often discussed at national level, it may also present spatial difference at sub-national level due to regional economic development inequ...

A division in scholarship on Rousseau’s Second Discourse turns on the issue of division itself. Some see Rousseau’s natural man collapsing the division between man and beast through suggesting that...

The interplay between two basic aspects of human behavior is examined: our need to connect with others and our almost instantaneous need to divide others into “us” and “them.” The impact of being p...

In this study, the effects of facet reflectivity on the data erasure ability of injection-locked Fabry Perot Laser Diode (FPLD), based on a remodulation method in wavelength division multiplexed pa...

Using a case-study of General Motors’ Frigidaire division, this study shows that differences in market conditions for refrigerators and cars, together with the weaker asset specificity of dealers’ physical and other capital, made the opportunistic model used for its auto division impracticable for refrigerators. Frigidaire instead focused on developing symbiotic relationships, based on licensing not only the product and brand name, but also a sophisticated package of business services and training - to encourage dealer conformity and “buy-in” to their formal and informal control systems. Informal controls are shown to have been crucial to incentive alignment and knowledge transfer, underpinned by a vigorous socialization strategy, to build trust and social control and cohesion. This strategy succeeded in getting franchisees and their employees to view themselves as part of the Frigidaire organisation and created the necessary flexibility for Frigidaire’s network to rapidly respond to changing market and competitive conditions during the 1930s.

The old dichotomy of research vs. practice continues to play out in the constructed division between academia and the profession. Unlike other disciplines with licensure, in which the ultimate goal...

An all-optical image rejection (IR) mixer, based on a dual electrical port phase modulation (PM) in a Sagnac loop and a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM), is proposed. The radio frequency (RF) ...

Innovative firms often involve customers in their product development to drive innovation outcomes. However, few have empirically examined how this division of innovative labour affects innovation ...

In this article we argue that “smart” work spaces are created through access to wireless networks and mobile cloud computing collaboration software. Yet the power relations embedded in these overla...

prLaw and policy in modern family finance: property division in the 21st century edited by Jessica Palmer, Nicola Peart, Margaret Briggs and Mark Henaghan, Cambridge, Intersentia, December 2017, xxvi + 420 pp., €83 (hardback), ISBN - 978-1-78068-464-2

Most Electric Power Exchange (PX) around the world employs Linear Programming (LP) based method for step-wise market clearing in Day-Ahead Electricity Market (DAM). Market clearing involves calcul...

Making the authority of office of government at all levels more standardized and law-based is an important step in the process of deepening financial reform and establishing fiscal and taxation sys...

Tata Steel caters to the needs of its customers in two segments – long products and flat products. In the long products division, LD1 is the plant that manufactures steel and semi-finished products...

In the beginning of the second week of February 2019, Ladakh became the third division within Jammu and Kashmir to be demarcated as a separate administrative and revenue division, with Jammu divisi...

© 2019, © 2019 National Association of Geoscience Teachers. An interdisciplinary undergraduate atmospheric science modeling course was cotaught at a midsize public university by three professors from atmospheric science, statistics, and design using a blended learning approach. The in-class portion of the course taught upper-level students numerical weather prediction modeling and statistical evaluation methods. Online modules were used to teach data visualization techniques and three foundational design principles upon which their efficacy depends : legibility, visual hierarchy, and appropriate use of color. Geoscience students need data visualization skills to prepare for careers in government, industry, and research that increasingly require work with big data and communication with diverse collaborators and audiences. This article focuses on the instructional approach for the visualization component of the course—specifically, the three teaching innovations used: online modules, an interdisciplinary teaching team, and design-focused data visualization instruction. Although course enrollment was low at four students, several valuable lessons were learned that can improve the teaching of visualization in geoscience courses, including the utility of structuring visualization instruction around two separate but complementary visualization skills: visualization for analysis and visualization for sharing knowledge. Evaluation of students’ visualization work at the conclusion of the course demonstrated improvement in the foundational design principles as well as improved ability to select appropriate visualization strategies for different situations. The methods used to assess these improvements are presented alongside illustrative examples of student work. Pre- and postcourse surveys indicate the students felt more confident in creating data visualizations upon completion of the course, and qualitative assessments of student work confirm increased application of foundational design principles in visualizations created by the students. The authors argue that teaching visualization as an online supplement to other geoscience instruction is a potentially replicable model for improving students’ learning about visualization. This is especially true when such instruction relies on open-source programs and materials and leverages interdisciplinary expertise in course design.

Within higher education, there has been a persistent concern that student-athlete commitments to their athletic activities are detrimental to their academic studies. We collect data on student-athl...

This article studies the effects of factors such as income gaps within couples on their division of financial decision-making. Using unique data obtained from the China Household Finance Survey (CH...

A hybrid multiplexer/de-multiplexer (HMUX/HDeMUX) for wavelength-mode-division based on photonic crystals (PCs) is presented. The proposed device consists of a point-defect cavity, a wavelength-sel...

In studies of waste treatment, waste characterization can be regarded as one of the most important tasks because the waste composition and concentrations greatly affect the process behaviors. This paper proposes a waste characterization method for anaerobic digestion based on ADM1. The relationships between the steady state of the process and the concentrations of the influent components are investigated and determined based on the use of information regarding the process output to estimate the waste characteristics. In addition, a new procedure of parameter division and optimization for characterizing the influent waste is proposed. Here, the parameters to be estimated are divided based on the bi-linear nature of the problem, identifiability and information content of the parameters, under the given measurements. Parameter division can greatly reduce the search space for optimization problem and can ensure that the estimate is minimally sensitive to the selection of initial parameter values. The ...

The discourse of terrorism is one of the most powerful political discourses of our times. More often than not, its labels and assumptions – including the division of the world into sharp dichotomie...

In China, the need to integrate the air and rail networks has been identified and dozens of transport hubs that include air and HSR links have been built or are planned. In this research, which is complementary to Chen and Lin, the level and potential for air–rail integration at Shanghai Hongqiao Integrated Transport Hub is examined and analyzed. The results show that despite the excellent infrastructure the actual level of integration is low, while the potential benefits from such integration could be very large. It seems that in China the main barrier for air–rail integration is institutional and stems from the institutional (and cultural) division between air and rail transport and from the importance placed on promoting competition almost at any cost – both of these barriers can be said to be ‘imported’ to China from (especially) the U.S. and Europe. But with the infrastructure for air–rail integration in place, the potential to realize such an integration is far greater. A move away from the ...

Terahertz (THz) wavelength division demultiplexer based on a compact defects-coupled photonic crystal waveguide is proposed and demonstrated numerically. This device consists of an input waveguide that perpendicularly coupled with a series of defects cavities, each of which captures the resonance frequency from the input waveguide. Coupled-mode theory and finite element method are used to analyze the transmission properties of the structure. It is found that the transmission wavelength centered around 1 THz can be adjusted by changing the geometrical parameters of defects cavities, which equals to THz waves generated by optical methods such as difference frequency generation and optical rectification. Applications in this frequency range are urgently needed. Furthermore, the highest transmission efficiency of 0.94 can be achieved when a perfect wavelength-selective mirror is set in the output waveguide.

In a set of recent essays, including the one in this special section, George Ritzer (see also, e.g., Ritzer and Jurgenson 2010; Ritzer forthcoming) has been advancing a new grand narrative for capi...

Despite the unfortunate historical connotations with linear models of communication, I find the traditional three-way division of core foci for communication research—production, content, and audie...

A novel modularized twin-ring wavelength division multiplexer access network is proposed in this paper. By originally designing the switch module and the exchange module, the central office and the remote nodes are formed respectively. This gives the network both modularity and scalability. By using twin-ring topology, the architecture of network is constructed. It makes the network not only have high reliability, but also support wavelength tetra-reuse. By simulation, the mentioned functions are demonstrated. The simulating results show the network has good performance.

The main outline of this investigation is demonstrating the behavior and details of gas-liquid contact on the cross-current trays using a 3D CFD model. The model has been applied to several operating conditions, and the effect of gas and liquid flow rates on the contact characteristics was studied, and in-depth picturing of local events was presented. Based on the picturing of details of flow features, an innovative division of flow region on the tray deck was presented. The tray is divided into four regions having different characteristics of flow phenomena, and these regions and their flow features are described as a novel outlook in this way. Although the extent of nonuniformities and interfacial area density are dependent on the operating conditions, but partial to total nonuniformities and weak phase mixing are present in all four regions.

This paper proposes a practical solution to the problems arising when the conduction transfer function (CTF) method is applied to solve the 1D transient component of heat transfer in the internal zone of ground-coupled floors. The lower boundary condition for these problems must be imposed at a depth of several metres. The proposed method is based on the division of the ground domain into a number of layers that allows calculation of transfer function coefficients while keeping the first cross coefficient negligible. A mathematical expression is proposed for the proper layer thickness that assures the applicability of the CTF method to thick ground domains. A numerical validation for a slab-on-grade configuration has been carried out showing maximum errors of 0.09°C (0.42%) and 0.73 W/m2 (2.24%) for temperature and heat flow rates on the floor surface, respectively.

Much has been written about time use and the gender division of labour. There is also a sizeable literature examining teenagers' time use, particularly in relation to what are seen as valuable skills and dispositions. Most of this literature takes individuals rather than families or households as units of analysis. Several recent publications focus on couples with small children. However, we have not been able to find any studies dealing with more or less equitable division of labour within family households containing parent[s] and teenage children. This paper takes up the challenge to develop a model which starts with families rather than individuals as units of analysis. We use this model, and data from three successive Australian time-use surveys, to examine which variables help predict households that have more or less even - or 'democratic' - division of total productive, domestic and childcare activities between family members.

This article examines the expressive potential of audiovisual combination in rockumentary by analyzing films that represent (post-)punk bands, with particular emphasis on Grant Gee’s Joy Division (2007). By focusing on potentialities present in late 1970s Manchester, Gee’s rockumentary moves beyond historical documentation and ultimately argues that Joy Division’s alternately ethereal and machinic sound is expressive of urban spaces that remain audible in the music even after the image is gone. I position Joy Division as a rockumentary that resists the territory of romanticization and authentication prevalent in the reception history of Ian Curtis through its attention to psychogeography.

Performance optimization of a duty-cycle division multiplexing system over 8- and 40-channel wavelength division multiplexing networks is reported in this article. The modified duty-cycle division multiplexing system with optical domain multiplexing using a dual-drive Mach–Zehnder modulator is simulated with two and three users per wavelength. Using conventional dispersion compensation, the 40 × 40-Gbps system with two and three users per channel can support 240 and 160 km of transmission distance, respectively. The dispersion management technique based on a chirped fiber Bragg grating is proposed for a 40 × 3 × 13.33-Gbps duty-cycle division multiplexing/wavelength division multiplexing system that allows double the transmission distance compared to conventional technique.

A dynamic zone division scheme is presented in this paper based on sensitivity analysis of power system. The concept of this scheme is to divide a large power system into small potential areas, which enclose strong correlated buses and have weak connections with each other. These areas can be considered as different individual zones in system analysis. In N-1 contingency analysis, the computation burden is largely reduced by operating in the level of potential areas, and the system cross-section distribution is determined dynamically. Analysis result can be used as an aid of power system operation and control. In this paper, IEEE-118 bus system is chosen as testing system, and this scheme is proved to be feasible and effective for large scale power system, it will be used to build the functional module of next generation EMS in Guangdong power grid and will serve as a function in power grid operation in the future.

Traditionally, diagnosis and treatment planning of structural and three-dimensional anomalies have been performed using two-dimensional X-rays. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), the technology utilized in this study, allows creation of specialized images from the craniofacial region that provide more precise and reliable results. The growth of the cranial base, position and size of the cervical system, and the hyoid bone has an influence upon the morphogenesis and the growth of the maxillofacial complex. The data obtained through this current study offer a better understanding of the origin and manifestation of malocclusions, and will, therefore, offer a better therapeutic approach. The objective of the current study is to describe the measurements of the cranial base and the cranial-cervical-mandibular system in young patients with type II, division 1 malocclusion, using CBCT.Twenty-four CBCT images were obtained for young patients with type II, division 1 malocclusion. The i-CAT Vision (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA, USA) was used to view the images. Linear and angular measurements were obtained in the mid-sagittal plane. Univariate and bivariate analyses, as well as a multivariate analysis of principal components, were conducted.The only metric with a statistically significant difference regarding gender was S-N major in the male participants. The metrics SNA-SNB and SNPg are positively related and inversely proportional to the angles BA-S-N and PO-P McGregor. The inclination of the upper incisor showed an inverse relationship with the angles SNA-SNB and SNpg. The craniovertebral angle was diminished in the entire sample, and the variable that vertically relates the hyoid was independent of the other variables.After evaluating 24 images of young patients with type II, division 1 malocclusion using helical spiral CBCT, it was concluded that relationships exist between the cranial base structures, the structures that determine the sagittal position of the maxilla, mandible and chin, and the cervical vertebrae complex and hyoid bone.

A novel scheme for a code-division multiplexing based fiber Bragg grating sensor system is theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. The results show that the proposed scheme enables an improved signal-to-noise ratio performance compared with the time-division multiplexing method and that spontaneous–spontaneous beating noise should be included in the analysis to avoid overestimation. The simple and effective setup provides a competitive approach for using fiber Bragg grating sensors in practical application systems.

This paper describes the design and implementation of novel adjustable microstrip devices which made possible new methods for phase shifting, variable power division and adjustable impedance matching in the 2.45 GHz ISM band. This novel technology is more affordable and simpler to develop than other state of the art technologies described in this paper. The development of this technology took place in the frame of a degree project on energetic applications of microwaves for Microbiotech SL (MBT). These devices have been used for the proper power delivery of microwave energy to a sample material provided by Microbiotech SL. The presence of this material can modify the impedance of the applicator according to the relative permittivity of the sample and therefore reduce the amount of microwave energy delivered by the applicator to the medium. The adjustable impedance matching network made possible the total transfer of electromagnetic energy, providing a simple and versatile method for reducing retur...

In the present study, particle swarm optimisation has been used to resolve the placement of wind turbines in a wind park giving maximum power and efficiency with minimum number of turbines. Unlike past approaches where each plot was subdivided into smaller square grids at the centre of which a turbine can be placed, the present study does not require division of the plot. Thus, a turbine now has more flexibility to be placed anywhere outside a radius of 200 m of each other yielding better results. The case of unidirectional uniform wind is considered in this study. Along with the optimal layout, fitness value, total power output, efficiency and number of turbines have also been reported. Comparison with results of earlier study and possible explanation is also provided.

The prime motive of economic load dispatch (ELD) is to optimize the production cost of electrical power generation through appropriate division of load demand among online generating units. Bio-inspired optimization algorithms have outperformed classical techniques for optimizing the production cost. Probability-selection artificial bee colony (PS-ABC) algorithm is a recently proposed variant of ABC optimization algorithm. PS-ABC generates optimal solutions using three different mutation equations simultaneously. The results show improved performance of PS-ABC over the ABC algorithm. Nevertheless, all the mutation equations of PS-ABC are excessively self-reinforced and, hence, PS-ABC is prone to premature convergence. Therefore, this research work has replaced the mutation equations and has improved the scout-bee stage of PS-ABC for enhancing the algorithm's performance. The proposed algorithm has been compared with many ABC variants and numerous other optimization algorithms on benchmark functions and EL...

These baths represent two very significant architectural pieces within a city famed for innovation in that field. The Hot Bath was designed by the internationally renowned John Wood the Younger, the Cross Bath by Thomas Baldwin, ‘principal creator of Bath’. As public buildings focused on bathing, their design needed to reflect changing social attitudes as well as the latest architectural fashion. An opportunity to study the buildings between 1997 and 2003 demonstrated how circulation and division within public buildings could be used to help manage ever-changing social demands, whilst maintaining at least some of the integrity of their historic, architectural vision.

This study investigates the production and inventory problem for a system comprising an assembly supply chain and a distribution network. A uniform lot size is produced uninterruptedly with a single setup at each production stage. Equal-sized batch shipment policy is applied to the whole system and the number of batches can be varied. All retailers have agreed on a joint replenishment policy with a common replenishment cycle. The objective is to determine the optimal common replenishment cycle, the number of batches of each production stage and retailer, all of which minimises the integrated total cost. Moreover, a new concept is introduced; namely, critical replenishment cycle. The replenishment cycle division RCD and recursive tightening RT methods are then developed to obtain the optimal solutions to the subject problem. Two theorems are verified to ensure the solutions obtained by the RCD and RT methods reaching the global optimum. An example is presented to illustrate the procedures involved in the RCD and RT methods.

This study proposes a method for real-time identification of a driver model. The proposed method requires only the yaw rate sensor, the steering angle sensor, and velocity sensors that are usually installed in the production car. The identification algorithm involves the division of the recorded data, prefiltering of the divided data, estimation of the driver's desired response, and identification. The prefilter extracts the driver's involuntary response that can be modelled in a simple form. The ideal car response that the driver attempts to track is estimated from the recorded data, and this response is provided to the identification algorithm of the feedback driver model for error tracking. These newly developed methods enable real-time identification under actual driving conditions. The driving simulator experiments and the actual driving tests were performed, and the proposed method was validated. The results show that the time history of the variation in the driver's characteristics can be realised in real time using the proposed method. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

The present study examined the impact of 13 aspects involved in student evaluation of teaching (SET). The study used student course evaluations of 1,410 university students in the Division of Publi...

The desire to significantly reduce the weight of machine gun barrels while simultaneously increasing their operational life has led to the need to develop a transient heat transfer model that accurately addresses the thermal management problem while simultaneously supporting the execution of rapid trade studies of barrel geometry and material. To address this need, National Technical Systems Ordnance Sciences Division has created a detailed finite-difference based numerical model using the Mathematica software, developed and marketed by Wolfram Research, as the solution platform. This model solves the one-dimensional temperature profile through the thickness of the barrel at a specified axial location.