27,210 results on '"biology.organism_classification"'
Search Results
2. A reappraisal of the taxonomy and biodiversity of the extant coccolithophore genusPalusphaera(Rhabdosphaeraceae, Prymnesiophyceae)
- Author
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Odysseas A. Archontikis and Jeremy R. Young
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0106 biological sciences ,010506 paleontology ,Coccolithophore ,Biodiversity ,Syracosphaerales ,Plant Science ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Coccolith ,boats ,Type (biology) ,boats.ship_class ,Living ,Genus ,Coccolithophores ,14. Life underwater ,Taxonomy ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,biology.organism_classification ,Type species ,Evolutionary biology ,Prymnesiophyceae ,Phytoplankton ,Taxonomy (biology) - Abstract
The genus Palusphaera Lecal-Schlauder emend. R.E. Norris is a distinctive modern coccolithophore that accommodates monomorphic, monothecate coccospheres with one type of spine-bearing heterococcoliths. Having examined a set of scanning electron microscopy images from our collections, we were able to demonstrate that four distinct species of Palusphaera exist in the modern oceans, including the type species Palusphaera vandelii, an informally proposed form, Palusphaera sp. 1 (type robusta) that is herein taxonomically ratified as Palusphaera crosiae sp. nov., and a distinctive morphotype, which is formally described as Palusphaera bownii sp. nov. Biometric analyses and observations on the morphologies of numerous P. vandelii specimens revealed the existence of a further form, and its commonly distinguished coccolith morphotypes are therefore taxonomically separated from Palusphaera vandelii and established as a discrete species, Palusphaera probertii sp. nov.
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- 2021
3. Aliveria mojmiri sp. nov. among other flying and ground squirrels (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the early Miocene of Mokrá-Quarry sites (Moravia, Czech Republic)
- Author
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Àngel H. Luján, Isaac Bonilla Salomón, Martin Ivanov, and Martin Sabol
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0106 biological sciences ,Czech ,010506 paleontology ,Subfamily ,biology ,Zoology ,Postcrania ,Woodland ,15. Life on land ,Flying squirrel ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,language.human_language ,Pteromyinae ,Geography ,Genus ,language ,Miopetaurista ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
This article focuses on the sciurid (Rodentia, Sciuridae) remains from the early Miocene (MN4) Mokra-Quarry sites, Moravia, Czech Republic. The sciurid assemblage in the different fissures ranges from one genus in MWQ4/2018 to three different genera in MCQ3/2005. Regarding subfamily Sciurinae, the dentognathic remains are referred to Palaeosciurus aff. fissurae, which shows an intermediate stage of evolution between Palaeosciurus fissurae and Palaeosciurus sutteri according to the development of conules in both upper and lower molars. Although the sciurid postcranial remains are left unassigned, several calcanei show strong morphological features belonging to ground squirrels, and, are therefore attributed to cf. Palaeosciurus. As for Pteromyinae subfamily, three genera were recovered (Miopetaurista, Blackia and Aliveria), including a new species: Aliveria mojmiri sp. nov. The new species shows a more specialised dental pattern and could further represent the ancestral species from which several middle Miocene genera evolved. Furthermore, some of the recovered calcanei have been here identified as cf. Aliveria, representing the first postcranial remains ever belonging to the genus, and confirm its attribution as a flying squirrel. The presence of both ground and flying squirrels is in concordance with an open landscape with patches of woodland proposed for Mokra-Quarry sites.
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- 2021
4. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Bindiferia gen. nov. (Dinophyceae), a new marine, sand-dwelling dinoflagellate genus formerly classified within Amphidinium
- Author
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Shauna A. Murray, Gwenael Bilien, Nadine Borchhardt, Frédéric Zentz, Mona Hoppenrath, Nicolas Chomérat, and Lesley Rhodes
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,SSU rDNA ,Zoology ,Morphology (biology) ,Plant Science ,Aquatic Science ,01 natural sciences ,Athecate ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genus ,parasitic diseases ,14. Life underwater ,Benthic ,Taxonomy ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Amphidinium ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Dinoflagellate ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,biology.organism_classification ,Marine Biology & Hydrobiology ,Stigma ,Amphidinium boggayum ,LSU rDNA ,05 Environmental Sciences, 06 Biological Sciences ,Molecular phylogenetics ,Eye-spot ,Dinophyceae - Abstract
As historically described, the genus Amphidinum has long been recognized to be polyphyletic. Amphidinium sensu lato is the most diverse of all marine benthic dinoflagellate genera and after the redefinition of the sensu stricto genus about 100 species remained of unknown generic affiliation. A species similar to the Australian sensu lato species Amphidinium boggayum was discovered in France. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic data supported the description of a new species and the classification of the two closely related species within a new athecate, photosynthetic, benthic genus, named Bindiferia. Cells were dorsoventrally flattened with smaller asymmetric epicone. The cingulum was descending. The sulcus reached the antapex and had an extension onto the epicone. The apical structure complex formed an anticlockwise loop around the apex. A red stigma was located in the anterior part of the epicone, near the apex. Vegetative division occurred in a non-motile stage within a hyaline sheath. Non-motile cells had dorsal hypocone grooves. The two species differed from each other in epicone size, cingulum displacement, nucleus location and surface groove occurrence. The molecular phylogenetic results showed that Bindiferia is a distinct taxon that is only distantly related to Amphidinium sensu stricto. The nearest sister group to Bindiferia could not be reliably determined, but the apical structure complex suggested a close relationship to the genera of the Gymnodinium sensu stricto clade.
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- 2021
5. Taxonomic relationship between two small-sized Chaetoceros species (Bacillariophyta): C. tenuissimus and C. salsugineus, and comparison with C. olympicus sp. nov. from Catalan coastal waters (NW Mediterranean)
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Laura Arin, Albert Reñé, Marta Estrada, Diana Sarno, Esther Garcés, R. Gallisai, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Arin, Laura, Reñé, Albert, Gallisai, Rachele, Sarno, Diana, Garcés, Esther, Estrada, Marta, Arin, Laura [0000-0001-8800-5583], Reñé, Albert [0000-0002-0488-3539], Gallisai, Rachele [0000-0003-4224-3265], Sarno, Diana [0000-0001-9697-5301], Garcés, Esther [0000-0002-2712-501X], and Estrada, Marta [0000-0001-5769-9498]
- Subjects
Morphology ,0106 biological sciences ,Mediterranean climate ,Life cycle ,Zoology ,Morphology (biology) ,macromolecular substances ,Plant Science ,Chaetoceros salsugineus ,Aquatic Science ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genus ,Small-sized Chaetocero ,Chaetoceros tenuissimus ,14. Life underwater ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Ecology ,biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Molecular ,Chaetoceros ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,language.human_language ,language ,Catalan ,human activities - Abstract
20 pages, 15 figures, 4 tables, The majority of species of the highly diverse genus Chaetoceros are described as chain-forming, although several species are described as strictly solitary (such as C. tenuissimus) or having an alternate solitary and a chain-forming phase during their life history (such as C. salsugineus). In this study, the diversity of small forms of Chaetoceros from the NW Mediterranean coastal waters was explored through the morphological and molecular characterization of four different strains belonging to two distinct species. Based on their morphology, three of the strains were identified as C. salsugineus (Takano, 1983). The SSU and LSU rDNA sequences represented the first available for well-characterized C. salsugineus strains and were 96.6–100% similar to publicly available C. tenuissimus (Meunier, 1913) sequences. Both species share the same morphological features, such as setae and ultrastructure of the valves, as well as the rimoportula characteristics. In addition, the morphology of the solitary form of C. salsugineus matched with that of C. tenuissimus. Here, we propose the two species as synonyms (the name C. tenuissimus prevailing as it has priority for this taxon), emend the original description and designate an epitype. The fourth strain was identified as C. olympicus sp. nov., a new species, which alternates solitary and chain-forming forms within its life history. The main differential characteristics of this species are the absence of rimoportula both in terminal and intercalary valves, the setae ultrastructure, which is thin and circular in cross-section with a few, slightly twisted, rows of small rectangular poroids and some spirally arranged spines, and the morphology of the resting spores, with primary valve vaulted and covered with short to medium-sized spines, and secondary valve smaller, rounded and smooth. A comparison of C. tenuissimus and C. olympicus with other species as well as information on their life cycle and ecology is also provided., This work was supported by MINECO Project COPAS ‘Understanding top-down control in coastal bloom-forming protists’ (CTM2017-86121-R), the ANIMA Project (CTM2015-65720-R), and institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S) from the Spanish government.
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- 2021
6. Salinity, a climate-change factor affecting growth, domoic acid and isodomoic acid C content in the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia seriata (Bacillariophyceae)
- Author
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Anna J. Olesen, Nina Lundholm, Caroline Weber, and Bernd Krock
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0106 biological sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Climate change ,Plant Science ,Aquatic Science ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Seriata ,Phytoplankton ,14. Life underwater ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,biology ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,fungi ,Domoic acid ,biology.organism_classification ,Salinity ,Diatom ,chemistry ,13. Climate action ,Isodomoic acid C ,sense organs ,Pseudo-nitzschia ,geographic locations - Abstract
Freshening of the oceans is a predicted outcome of climate change. Marine phytoplankton organisms are in general affected by salinity changes and, given their key role in oceanic food webs and geochemical cycles, it is important to investigate the response of phytoplankton species to salinity changes. Diatom species of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia can form massive and, at times, toxic blooms, because several Pseudo-nitzschia species produce the neurotoxin domoic acid. Domoic acid can cause amnesic shellfish poisoning in humans and harm animals in the marine food web. The species Pseudonitzschia seriata can produce domoic acid in cold-water areas, like the Arctic. Hence, it is relevant to investigate the response of P. seriata to different salinity levels. Three strains of P. seriata were exposed to four different salinity levels (15, 20, 30 and 40). None of the strains grew at salinity 15, and maximum growth rates were found at salinity 30. All three strains contained toxins at salinities 20–40, with the highest cellular content occurring at salinity 20. The peak in toxin content was related to a significantly lower growth rate. However, the higher toxin content overrode the lower growth rate, ultimately resulting in a higher toxin potential at salinity 20. In addition to domoic acid, all strains contained isodomoic acid C in surprisingly high amounts, similar to the domoic acid content.
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- 2021
7. Larval morphology ofIlybiosomaCrotch, 1873 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Agabinae): description of five Nearctic species with phylogenetic considerations
- Author
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Mariano C. Michat and Yves Alarie
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,biology ,Phylogenetic tree ,Ilybiosoma ,010607 zoology ,Crotch ,Dytiscidae ,Zoology ,Aquatic Science ,Larval morphology ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Insect Science ,Nearctic ecozone ,medicine ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2021
8. Physiologic specialization of Puccinia triticina, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust, in Canada in 2015–2019
- Author
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Winnie McNABB, Brent McCallum, Sílvia Barcellos Rosa, Elsa Reimer, Allen Xue, and Adam J. Foster
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Wheat leaf rust ,Puccinia triticina ,biology ,Botany ,Specialization (functional) ,Virulence ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Wheat leaves infected with Puccinia triticina, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust, were collected annually throughout Canada from 2015 to 2019. There were 47, 75, 44, 38 and 54 different virulence...
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- 2021
9. Immunity to stripe rust in wheat: A case study of a hypersensitive-response (HR)- independent resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Avocet-Yr15
- Author
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Mina Kaviani, Mitra Serajazari, Peter K. Pauls, Hamed Soren Seifi, Alireza Navabi, and Helen M. Booker
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0106 biological sciences ,Hypersensitive response ,Redox homeostasis ,Stripe rust ,Plant Science ,Fungal pathogen ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Rust ,Horticulture ,Avocet ,Immunity ,Puccinia striiformis ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Stripe (yellow) rust, caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is emerging as a serious threat to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in many regions ...
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- 2021
10. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Elemental Analysis of Crustaceans by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry and Direct Mercury Analysis
- Author
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Ji Yeon Choi, Kyong Su Kim, Ga Hyun Lee, Naeem Khan, Min Ja Cho, Yu Min Park, In Min Hwang, Nargis Jamila, and Kyung Su Park
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Chromatography ,biology ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,040401 food science ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Crustacean ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Elemental analysis ,Wet digestion ,Electrochemistry ,Digestive tract ,Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ,Spectroscopy ,Mercury analysis - Abstract
This study determined the concentrations of toxic metals including As, Cd, Hg and Pb in commonly consumed crustaceans collected from South Korea. The samples were prepared by wet digestion using HN...
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- 2021
11. Fungi Canadenses No. 350: EPICHLOË GLYCERIAE
- Author
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Miao Liu and Kassandra R. Bisson
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0106 biological sciences ,Botany ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Glyceria ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Epichloё glyceriae Schardl & Leuchtm., Mycologia 91(1): 103. 1999. MB: 450322LECTOTYPE: Dried stromata developed on Glyceria striata plant # 2772, here designated MBT394123, separated from the encl...
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- 2021
12. Stem rust: its history in Kenya and research to combat a global wheat threat
- Author
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Robert F. Park, Zacharias A. Pretorius, Thomas Fetch, and R. M. DePauw
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0106 biological sciences ,Puccinia ,Agronomy ,biology ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,Stem rust ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), is a major disease of wheat. In Kenya, Pgt has caused sporadic but serious losses to farmers since large-scale wheat production began in...
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- 2021
13. New brachiopod family Arzonellinidae (Terebratulida) from the Early Jurassic (Sinemurian) of Montenegro, southern Europe, Mediterranean Province
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Heinz Sulser, Barbara V. Radulović, Michael R. Sandy, and Martin Ðaković
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Mediterranean climate ,010506 paleontology ,biology ,Terebratellidina ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Type species ,Paleontology ,Geography ,Genus ,14. Life underwater ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Montenegro ,Terebratulida ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The systematic position of the Early Jurassic brachiopod genus Arzonellina (Sulser) based on new material from Montenegro assigned to Arzonellina stachei (Bittner) and the type species Arzonellina ...
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- 2021
14. Synthesis of natural starch from Elaeis guineensis trunk biomass applying bisulphite steeping method: Optimization by RSM
- Author
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Mohd Suffian Yusoff, Zaber Ahmed, Hamidi Abdul Aziz, and Mokhtar Kamal N H
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Central composite design ,biology ,Starch ,food and beverages ,Biomass ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Pulp and paper industry ,Elaeis guineensis ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Environmental science ,Palm kernel oil ,Response surface methodology ,Cellulose ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Steeping ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
A massive quantity of Elaeis guineensis (oil palm) trunk biomass, containing a significant amount of natural starch, is available in Malaysia as bio-waste because of annual replantation. The efficient extraction of this starch (carbohydrate polymer) would be worthwhile concerning the environmental sustainability and economy through conversion to bio-resources. This study investigated the effectiveness of the bisulphite steeping method for starch synthesis from oil palm trunk (OPT) bio-waste. The central composite design (CCD) of Design-Expert software executed an experimental model design, data analysis, evaluated the impacts of process variables and their interaction through response surface methodology to optimize the bisulphite steeping method for starch synthesis. The developed quadratic models for four factors (strength of sodium bisulphite solution, steeping hour, mixing ratio with the bisulphite solution and ultra-pure water) and one response (%Yield) demonstrated that a significant starch yield (13.54%) is achievable employing 0.74% bisulphite solution, 5.6 steeping hours, for 1.6 and 0.6 mixing ratio with the bisulphite solution and ultra-pure water respectively. Experimental outcomes were consistent with the predicted model, which eventually sustains the significance of this method. Malvern Zetasizer test revealed a bimodal granular distribution for starch, with 7.15µm of hydrodynamic size. Starch morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction investigation exhibits an A-type model, specifying persistent characteristics, while FTIR confirms the presence of hydroxyl, carboxylic, and phenolic groups like other cereal starches. Implication StatementMalaysia is the 2nd largest palm oil exporter of the world and produced 20.5 million metric tons of crude oil with 2.13 metric tons of palm kernel oil annually. Therefore, a massive quantity of palm oil trunk (OPT) biomass (110 million tons by 2020) is available annually as biowaste during the replanting activities. This huge volume of bio-waste is a severe environmental burden regarding the disposal issue. Modification of bio-wastes into a beneficial form (only 22% currently) would be sustainable for both the environment and the country's economy by diminishing the solid waste dumping challenges.Naturally OPT contains about 20% of lignin, 70% of cellulose, and a significant amount of starch, which is a is a carbohydrate polymer. Efficient extraction of starch from OPT bio-waste could ensure a potential reuse towards sustainable waste management and at the same time various application of starch i.e. as natural coagulant for wastewater and leachate treatment, food source, adhesive for particle boards etc.Even though several studies applied various methods for starch extraction from natural sources rather the current study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the novel bisulfite steeping method for the synthesis of natural starch from the OPT biomass and process optimization by applying the central composite design (CCD), from response surface methodology (RSM). The impacts and interaction of process variables were evaluated by RSM to optimize the starch yield. The developed quadratic model demonstrated that this method could achieve 13.54% starch yield, which is higher than previous studies.Therefore, implementation of this study outcomes will ascertain the reuse of OPT bio-waste reducing waste load from this sector and maximize the natural starch extraction for further implication of numerous economic activities.
- Published
- 2021
15. Several Pythium species cause crown and root rot on cannabis (Cannabis sativa L., marijuana) plants grown under commercial greenhouse conditions
- Author
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Cameron Scott, Samantha Lung, and Zamir K. Punja
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,fungi ,Crown (botany) ,Damping off ,food and beverages ,Greenhouse ,Wilting ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Cannabis sativa ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Horticulture ,Root rot ,Cannabis ,Pythium ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,030304 developmental biology ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L., marijuana) plants with symptoms of crown rot, root decay, wilting and plant death were sampled during 2018 and 2019 from seven production greenhouses. Affected tissues...
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- 2021
16. Clarifying confusion – Prorocentrum triestinum J.Schiller and Prorocentrum redfieldii Bursa (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae) are two different species
- Author
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Mona Hoppenrath, Alfred Beran, Marc Gottschling, Urban Tillmann, and Stephan Wietkamp
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0106 biological sciences ,Prorocentrum triestinum ,biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Zoology ,Plant Science ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Phylogenetics ,medicine ,Prorocentrales ,14. Life underwater ,medicine.symptom ,Confusion ,Dinophyceae - Abstract
The Prorocentrales are a unique group of dinophytes based on several apomorphic traits, but species delimitation is challenging within the group. Prorocentrum triestinum was described by Josef Schiller in 1918 as an important bloomforming species from Trieste (Mediterranean, Adriatic Sea) with a conspicuous asymmetric outline and a small, asymmetrically located subapical spine. All subsequent records under this name fail to conform to Schiller’s original description. These inconsistencies have their origin in John Dodge’s 1975 revision of Prorocentrum, which placed Prorocentrum redfieldii, a more symmetrical, slender species with a long apical spine, into synonymy under P. triestinum. To clarify this confusion, we collected samples at the type locality of P. triestinum in Trieste and established a strain that is morphologically consistent with the protologue and suitable for use in epitypification. Morphology and rRNA sequence data of this strain were compared with four new strains identified as P. redfieldii from the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. Cells of P. triestinum had an asymmetric outline in lateral view and a small, dorso-subapical spine. These features, which are readily resolved by light microscopy, were distinct from those of the nearly symmetrical and slender cells of P. redfieldii, which had a long, apically located spine. The species are nevertheless closely related and share an identical architecture of the periflagellar area with a distinctive, largely reduced accessory pore together with a very small platelet 7. This apomorphy clearly differentiates both species from other species of Prorocentrum. Both species differ in their primary rRNA sequences, and ITS and LSU sequence differences will enable them to be distinguished in future meta-barcoding studies. The present study demonstrates that P. triestinum and P. redfieldii are distinct species and thus contributes to a reliable biodiversity assessment of Prorocentrum.
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- 2021
17. Expanding known global biodiversity of Yamaguticestus (Cestoda: Phyllobothriidea) parasitizing catsharks (Pentanchidae and Scyliorhinidae)
- Author
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Janine N. Caira, Maria Pickering, and Kirsten Jensen
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0106 biological sciences ,0303 health sciences ,Ecology ,Cestoda ,Plant Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,030308 mycology & parasitology ,03 medical and health sciences ,14. Life underwater ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Global biodiversity - Published
- 2021
18. Legionnaires’ disease in dental offices: Quantifying aerosol risks to dental workers and patients
- Author
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Aditya Kuppravalli, Marc P. Verhougstraete, Daniel Gerrity, Kerry A. Hamilton, Sayalee Joshi, Ashley Heida, and Charles N. Haas
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business.product_category ,Air changes per hour ,Legionella ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Legionella pneumophila ,Disease Outbreaks ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,Humans ,Medicine ,Respirator ,Personal protective equipment ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Aerosols ,biology ,business.industry ,Pontiac fever ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,030210 environmental & occupational health ,Dental Offices ,Legionnaires' disease ,Legionnaires' Disease ,Water Microbiology ,business - Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is an opportunistic bacterial respiratory pathogen that is one of the leading causes of drinking water outbreaks in the United States. Dental offices pose a potential risk for inhalation or aspiration of L. pneumophila due to the high surface area to volume ratio of dental unit water lines—a feature that is conducive to biofilm growth. This is coupled with the use of high-pressure water devices (e.g., ultrasonic scalers) that produce fine aerosols within the breathing zone. Prior research confirms that L. pneumophila occurs in dental unit water lines, but the associated human health risks have not been assessed. We aimed to: (1) synthesize the evidence for transmission and management of Legionnaires’ disease in dental offices; (2) create a quantitative modeling framework for predicting associated L. pneumophila infection risk; and (3) highlight influential parameters and research gaps requiring further study. We reviewed outbreaks, management guidance, and exposure studies and used these data to parameterize a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model for L. pneumophila in dental applications. Probabilities of infection for dental hygienists and patients were assessed on a per-exposure and annual basis. We also assessed the impact of varying ventilation rates and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Following an instrument purge (i.e., flush) and with a ventilation rate of 1.2 air changes per hour, the median per-exposure probability of infection for dental hygienists and patients exceeded a 1-in-10,000 infection risk benchmark. Per-exposure risks for workers during a purge and annual risks for workers wearing N95 masks did not exceed the benchmark. Increasing air change rates in the treatment room from 1.2 to 10 would achieve an ∼85% risk reduction, while utilization of N95 respirators would reduce risks by ∼95%. The concentration of L. pneumophila in dental unit water lines was a dominant parameter in the model and driver of risk. Future risk assessment efforts and refinement of microbiological control protocols would benefit from expanded occurrence datasets for L. pneumophila in dental applications.
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- 2021
19. Eichhornia crassipes root biomass to reduce antibiotic resistance dissemination and enhance biogas production of anaerobic membrane bioreactor
- Author
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Duygu Nur Arabacı, Hadi Fakhri, Sevcan Aydin, and Süleyman Övez
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Eichhornia crassipes ,Bioaugmentation ,biology ,medicine.drug_class ,Tetracycline ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Antibiotics ,02 engineering and technology ,General Medicine ,010501 environmental sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,020801 environmental engineering ,Antibiotic resistance ,Wastewater ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Sewage treatment ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Effluent ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
To address the inadequate removal of antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater treatment plants, this study investigated the impact of bioaugmentation with dried Eichhornia crassipes roots on removal of antibiotics sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and erythromycin from pharmaceutical wastewater while optimizing potential for reclaiming value through biogas production, utilizing an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR). Three sets of AnMBRs were set up for the experiment, C1 (inoculum), C2 (inoculum + antibiotics) and EC (inoculum + antibiotics + E. crassipes). The results showed that E. crassipes mitigated some of the toxic effects of antibiotics on the microbial community and prevented negative impact on the archaeal community, and significantly increased average biogas production (by 37% compared to control without antibiotics and 42% compared to control with antibiotics) as well as antibiotics removal. Furthermore, bioaugmented reactor showed significant reduction of erythromycin (97%) and tetracycline (83%) concentrations in effluent. Utilization of E. crassipes root offers a simple yet powerful tool for preventing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance and dissemination of such pollutants into the environment.
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- 2021
20. Black locust flowers: antioxidant extraction kinetics, reducing capacity, mineral composition, and antioxidant activity
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Ivan M. Savic, Nada Štrbac, Ivana A. Boskov, Boban R. Spalovic, and Ivana M. Savic Gajic
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animal structures ,Antioxidant ,biology ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,medicine.medical_treatment ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Robinia ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Kinetics ,General Chemistry ,Mineral composition ,010402 general chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Reducing capacity ,0104 chemical sciences ,Polyphenol ,medicine ,Food science ,Locust - Abstract
The impact of solvent polarity on the kinetics, reducing capacity, antioxidant activity, and mineral composition of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) flowers extracts obtained by ultrasound-assis...
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- 2021
21. The effect of microorganisms on the biomodification of montan resin from lignite
- Author
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Huan-Hong Wang, Yi Qin, Shiyun Jiao, Mi Zhang, Huifen Zhang, Weifeng Dai, and Baocai Li
- Subjects
Acinetobacter ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,biology ,Chemistry ,Microorganism ,Germination ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Treatment period ,Acinetobacter venetianus ,Coal ,Seedlings ,Seedling ,Seeds ,Phanerochaete ,Food science ,Montan wax ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Chrysosporium - Abstract
Montan resin (MR) is an industrial by-product or solid waste generated during the production of refined montan wax and is not typically reused. In this paper, a bio-modification method using three strains of microorganisms, Acinetobacter venetianus (AV), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), and Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PC), was studied to promote the performance and bio-function of MR so that MR could be recycled. MR can be degraded by these three microorganisms, and their weight loss rates were similar over the treatment period of 15 days. Compared with the original MR, the hydrophilicity of modified MRs was improved, which was related to the increase in apparent oil-water partition coefficients (Kows) and oxygen-containing and hydrophilic groups in modified MRs based on IR and GC-MS analysis. The bio-function of modified MRs by the three strains in terms of promoting maize seed germination and seedling growth was greater compared with untreated MR. Overall, these findings indicate that biomodified MRs might have useful agriculture applications.Implications: An environmentally-friendly method using microorganisms to achieve recycle of solid waste, montan resin (MR) was established in this study. Through this bio-treatment, the performance and bio-function of MR were both improved, that is the appearance and hydrophilicity of modified MRs were better than thoes in before, and the modified MRs treated by three strains showed the better promoting effects on maize seed germination and seedling growth than untreated MR, indicating the modified MRs have the certain potential of agricultural utilization in the future.
- Published
- 2021
22. Rapid start-up of autotrophic shortcut nitrification system in SBR and microbial community analysis
- Author
-
Xiang Yi, Nan Zhang, Yuecheng He, Wenlai Xu, and Yunan Yan
- Subjects
Nitrogen ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Sequencing batch reactor ,02 engineering and technology ,Wastewater ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Denitrifying bacteria ,Bioreactors ,Ammonia ,Ammonium Compounds ,Environmental Chemistry ,Nitrite ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Nitrites ,Nitrosomonas ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,Sewage ,Bacteria ,biology ,Chemistry ,Microbiota ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Nitrification ,020801 environmental engineering ,Environmental chemistry ,Aeration ,Nitrospira - Abstract
Shortcut nitrification is crucial for application of autotrophic nitrogen removal which is beneficial for treating carbon-limited wastewater. In this experiment, rapid start-up of autotrophic shortcut nitrification system was studied in a small sequencing batch reactor (SBR) built in laboratory with intermittent aeration operation mode. The influent was artificially simulated inorganic domestic wastewater (the ammonium nitrogen concentration was 35.19-57.54 mg/L), the pH value was 7.6-7.8, the hydraulic loading was 1L, the operating temperature was 24.3-28.3 °C, and the dissolved oxygen (DO) was 2-4 mg/L and 0.5-0.9 mg/L at the stage of complete nitrification sludge domestication and shortcut nitrification sludge domestication. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyse the composition and changes of microbial populations in sludge. The experimental results showed that on the 24th day of the experiment, shortcut nitrification was started successfully, the accumulation rate of nitrite was 81.63% and the removal efficiency of ammonium nitrogen was 99.25%; the richness of the main denitrifying bacteria phylum Proteobacteria increased from 30.21% to 42.85%; the richness of Nitrosomonas (ammonia oxidizing bacteria, AOB) increased from 0.37% to 22.43%, and at the species level, AOB was the salt-tolerant bacteria Nitrosomonas. europaea; the richness of Nitrospira (nitrite oxidizing bacteria, NOB) decreased from 2.59% to 0.47%.
- Published
- 2021
23. Functional kaurene-synthase-like diterpene synthases lacking a gamma domain are widely present in Oryza and related species
- Author
-
Kazunori Okada, Tomonobu Toyomasu, Ayame Hamano, Akira Itoh, Wataru Mitsuhashi, Koji Miyamoto, Matthew R. Shenton, Hiroki Wakabayashi, and Shinta Nakazato
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,DNA, Complementary ,education ,Oryza ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Evolution, Molecular ,Leersia ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Protein Domains ,Complementary DNA ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Cloning, Molecular ,Molecular Biology ,Phylogeny ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Alkyl and Aryl Transferases ,Oryza sativa ,Base Sequence ,ATP synthase ,biology ,Organic Chemistry ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Oryza rufipogon ,Oryzeae ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Diterpenes ,Diterpene ,Genome, Plant ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Various diterpene synthases have been functionally identified in cultivated rice (Oryza sativa). These are the homologs of ent-copalyl diphosphate (ent-CDP) synthase and ent-kaurene synthase (KS) that are responsible for the biosynthesis of gibberellins, diterpenoid phytohormones. We isolated a cDNA encoding full-length OsKSL12, a previously uncharacterized KS like (KSL) enzyme that consists of a β-domain and an α-domain with an active center, but lacks an N-terminal γ-domain. Functional analysis using a bacterial expression system showed that recombinant OsKSL12 converted ent-CDP into ent-manool or ent-13-epi-manool. Comparative genomics revealed that functional OsKSL12 homologs exist in diverse wild species in the Oryzeae—Oryza nivara (Oryza rufipogon), Oryza coarctata, Oryza granulata, Leersia perrieri, and Leersia tisseranti. KSL12 homologs in O. granulata, L. perrieri, and L. tisseranti preferentially reacted with geranylgeranyl diphosphate rather than ent-CDP, resulting in geranyllinalool rather than ent-manool or ent-13-epi-manool as the main product, meaning that KSL12 functionally diversified during evolution in the Oryzeae.
- Published
- 2021
24. Decline in common milkweed along roadsides around Ottawa, Canada
- Author
-
Stephanie A. Rivest, Jenny L. McCune, Heather M. Kharouba, and Samantha Lalonde
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,animal structures ,Asclepias syriaca ,Ecology ,biology ,fungi ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Geography ,Habitat ,Monarch butterfly ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Over the past two decades, monarch butterfly populations have been declining. This decline has been partly attributed to the extensive loss of breeding habitat through the reduction of common milkw...
- Published
- 2021
25. The Near Eastern species of Leptodirini (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae)
- Author
-
Michel Perreau
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Leiodidae ,Middle East ,biology ,010607 zoology ,Zoology ,Morphology (biology) ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Geography ,Genus ,Insect Science ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The Near Eastern species of Leptodirini (from Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, Southwestern Russia, Syria and Turkey) are reviewed. The new monospecific genus Mixanigia n. gen. is described...
- Published
- 2021
26. Megachile sculpturalis (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae): A Valuable Study Organism for Invasive Pollinators and the Role of Beekeepers in Ongoing Monitoring Programs
- Author
-
Jovana Bila Dubaić and Julia Lanner
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Ecology ,Hymenoptera ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Ecosystem services ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pollinator ,Monetary value ,Insect Science ,Megachilidae ,Megachile sculpturalis ,Organism ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Bees are among the most important pollinators (Klein et al., 2007; Ollerton et al., 2011) with an estimated global monetary value of ecosystem services of minimum US$195 billion per year (Porto et ...
- Published
- 2021
27. Potential utility of callus proteases as a milk clotting alternative to naturally propagated Wrightia tinctoria proteases
- Author
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Bindhu Omana Sukumaran, Vasuki Aluru, Anusha Rajagopalan, and Malini Soundarajan
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Proteases ,Protease ,biology ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Hydrolysis ,Enzyme ,010608 biotechnology ,Casein ,Callus ,medicine ,Wrightia tinctoria ,Food science ,Biotechnology ,Plant stem - Abstract
This study was intended to understand suitability of Wrightia tinctoria calli proteases (CCE) as vegetable coagulant through delineating their milk clotting potential and casein (whole and κ-casein) hydrolysis pattern in comparison to their plant stem crude enzyme (PSCE), rennin and Enzeco® (positive controls). Stem calli was induced using two concentrations of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) [0.5 mg/L (M1), 1 mg/L (M2)] with fixed concentration (1 mg/L) of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Healthy calli, with significant growth at the end of 14th, 28th, and 48th days, were chosen for enzyme extraction. Overall activity calculated as per gram of fresh weight of callus revealed 3-fold high milk clotting index (MCI) by 28th day CCE in comparison to PSCE (p
- Published
- 2021
28. A comparative study on aquatic toxicity of chemically-synthesized and green synthesis silver nanoparticles on daphnia magna
- Author
-
Selçuk Özdemir, Asli Yilmaz, Feyza Icoglu Aksakal, and Kubra Koc
- Subjects
biology ,Chemistry ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Daphnia magna ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,010501 environmental sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Silver nanoparticle ,Aquatic toxicology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental chemistry ,Toxicity ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Particle size ,Ecotoxicity ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The steady increase in the employment of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products entails the determination of the aquatic toxicity of AgNPs. Various AgNP characteristics including particle size, and shape, surface charge, and material have prominent effects on ecotoxicity. In the present study, we investigated the aquatic toxicity of chemically-synthesized AgNPs (Che-AgNPs) and green synthesis AgNPs (Gr-AgNPs) to Daphnia magna as a model organism. In each case, Che-AgNPs and Gr-AgNPs showed dose-dependent toxicity in the range of 5-50 ppb. It was also detected that the size and surface coverage material of AgNPs has a significant impact on the survival rate of D. magna. We also analyzed the expression of some genes related to detoxification and the reproductive system. These observations presented that in both NP types the significant alterations were detected in genes of the model organism in a dose-dependent manner.
- Published
- 2021
29. Inorganic compounds in the marine borer resistant timber turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera)
- Author
-
Cameron M. Kewish, Hiroshi Matsunaga, Philip D. Evans, Dengcheng Feng, Michael L. Turner, and Richard W. Henley
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Syncarpia glomulifera ,biology ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Turpentine ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,High silica ,010608 biotechnology ,Botany ,General Materials Science ,14. Life underwater ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Turpentine wood is renowned for its resistance to attack by molluskan marine borers. This resistance is thought to be due to its high silica content, and possibly the presence of other, as yet unkn...
- Published
- 2021
30. Morphophysiological characteristics of Brazilian bean genotypes related with sulfentrazone tolerance
- Author
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Daiani Brandler, Fortunato De Bortolli Pagnoncelli, Katia Cristina Dalpiva Hatmann, Matheus Viecelli, Victor Matheus da Luz Bohn, Matheus Patel, Helis Marina Salomão, Michelangelo Muzell Trezzi, Patrícia Bortolanza Pereira, and Leandro Galon
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Genotype ,Radiata ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Crop ,Vigna ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sulfentrazone ,Phaseolus ,Sulfonamides ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Triazoles ,Weed control ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Center of origin ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Seeds ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Food Science - Abstract
In the bean crop there are limited options of herbicides to control eudicotyledons weeds in pre-emergence and sulfentrazone presents potential to be used in a weed management program. The aim of this study was to determine the tolerance of a large number of Brazilian bean genotypes to sulfentrazone and their relation with morphophysiological characteristics, associating it to market classes, seed size and their center of origin. It was evaluated the effect of sulfentrazone application (400 g a.i. ha-1) in pre-emergence of 40 Brazilian bean genotypes, 36 of which were common-bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), two cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata), one adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) and one mung bean (Vigna radiata). There was high tolerance variation of the genotypes to sulfentrazone. Morphological parameters were strongly related with relative tolerance. Common bean genotypes that had medium to large seed size (cranberry and carioca) were more tolerant, while small-sized seed genotypes were more sensitive (black). Andean genotypes were more tolerant than Mesoamerican genotypes. Within the Mesoamerican group, medium-sized seed genotypes (carioca beans) were more tolerant than small-sized seed (black beans). Considering only the Vigna genera, cowpea was highly tolerant to sulfentrazone, while mung bean showed intermediary response and adzuki bean was completely sensible.
- Published
- 2021
31. Two new farnesyl hydroquinones from Pestalotiopsis diploclisia (BCC 35283), the fungus associated with algae
- Author
-
Sutichai Nithithanasilp, Wilunda Choowong, Taridaporn Bunyapaiboonsri, Satinee Suetrong, Sita Preedanon, and Seangaroon Yoiprommarat
- Subjects
biology ,Hydroquinone ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Plant Science ,Fungus ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Vero cell ,Moiety ,Pestalotiopsis ,IC50 ,Marine fungi - Abstract
Two new hydroquinones bearing a 1,3-enyne moiety, pestalotioquinols G and H, together with four known compounds, including pestalotioquinol A, phomonitroester, (R)-4,6,8-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, and scylatone were isolated from the marine fungus Pestalotiopsis diploclisia (BCC 35283). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by analysis of 2D-NMR and HR-MS data. The known pestalotioquinol A displayed antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1 with an IC50 value of 19.0 μM, while pestalotioquinol G displayed weak cytotoxic activity against Vero cell lines with an IC50 value of 47.9 μM.
- Published
- 2021
32. Understanding rabies persistence in low-density fox populations
- Author
-
E. Joe Moran, Nicolas Lecomte, Amy Hurford, and Patrick A. Leighton
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Ecology ,Vulpes ,Rabies virus ,Zoology ,Metapopulation ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Tundra ,010601 ecology ,Habitat ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Lagopus ,Rabies ,Arctic fox ,geographic locations ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) and its tundra habitat are a unique system for the study of rabies virus epidemics. Contrary to theoretical calculations reporting a critical density (KT) of approximate...
- Published
- 2021
33. Modulation of frequency and height of cytosolic calcium spikes by plasma membrane anion channels in guard cells
- Author
-
Shintaro Munemasa, Toshiyuki Nakamura, Tahjib-Ul-Arif, Yoshiyuki Murata, and Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Subjects
Anions ,0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Mutant ,Arabidopsis ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Calcium ,Genes, Plant ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biochemistry ,Ion Channels ,Analytical Chemistry ,Ion ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cytosol ,Guard cell ,Extracellular ,Arabidopsis thaliana ,Calcium Signaling ,Molecular Biology ,biology ,Chemistry ,Cell Membrane ,Organic Chemistry ,Wild type ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Membrane ,Gene Knockdown Techniques ,Mutation ,Biophysics ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) elevation activates plasma membrane anion channels in guard cells, which is required for stomatal closure. However, involvement of the anion channels in the [Ca2+]cyt elevation remains unclear. We investigated the involvement using Arabidopsis thaliana anion channel mutants, slac1-4 slah3-3 and slac1-4 almt12-1. Extracellular calcium induced stomatal closure in the wild-type plants but not in the anion channel mutant plants whereas extracellular calcium induced [Ca2+]cyt elevation both in the wild-type guard cells and in the mutant guard cells. The peak height and the number of the [Ca2+]cyt spike were lower and larger in the slac1-4 slah3-3 than in the wild type and the height and the number in the slac1-4 almt12-1 were much lower and much larger than in the wild type. These results suggest that the anion channels are involved in the regulation of [Ca2+]cyt elevation in guard cells.
- Published
- 2021
34. The bud rot pathogens infecting cannabis (Cannabis sativa L., marijuana) inflorescences: symptomology, species identification, pathogenicity and biological control
- Author
-
Li Ni and Zamir K. Punja
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,biology ,Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ,Biological pest control ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Cannabis sativa ,Pathogenicity ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,3. Good health ,Inflorescence ,Botany ,Cannabis ,Diaporthe eres ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Botrytis cinerea - Abstract
Bud rot pathogens cause diseases on Cannabis sativa L. (cannabis, hemp) worldwide through pre- and post-harvest infections of the inflorescence. Seven indoor or outdoor cannabis production sites an...
- Published
- 2021
35. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Ptercresions A-C: a new terpene glycoside and two sesquiterpenes with hepatoprotective activity from Pteris cretica L
- Author
-
Ning Tao, Ying Long, Bo Yang, Jianping Hu, Liyong Zhang, and Shiping Liu
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,010405 organic chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Pteris cretica ,Glycoside ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Hydrolysate ,In vitro ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Terpene ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,chemistry - Abstract
Three new terpenes were isolated from Pteris cretica L., namely Ptercresions A (1), B (2) and C (3), together with three known sesquiterpenes and one terpene glycoside, respectively, identified as (2 S, 3 S)-pterosin C (4), (2 R,3 S)-pterosin C (5), pterosin D (6), creosideI(7). The structures of isolates were determined by HR-ESI-MS, ECD, NMR and acid hydrolysate analysis. The in vitro hepatoprotective activities of compounds 1-7 were studied against Paracetamol-induced L-02 hepatocyte injury. The results revealed that compounds 2-5 showed certain anti-hepatocyte injury activity.
- Published
- 2021
36. Asperpyrone, a rare α-pyrone metabolite produced by an endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. isolated from Garicinia smeathmannii (Planch. & Triana) Oliv
- Author
-
Ruland Tchuinkeu Nguengang, Hans-Georg Stammler, Yoshihito Shiono, Emmanuel Mfotie Njoya, Alain Meli Lannang, Jean-Bosco Jouda, Norbert Sewald, and Virginie Flaure Tsague Tankeu
- Subjects
Aspergillus ,Stigmasterol ,biology ,010405 organic chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,Metabolite ,Organic Chemistry ,Plant Science ,Endophytic fungus ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Pyrone ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Entamoeba moshkovskii ,Spectral analysis ,Axenic culture - Abstract
A new alpha-pyrone, asperpyrone (1) and two known compounds, stigmasterol (2) and 7-hydroxy-3-(2,3-dihydroxybutyl)-1(3H)-Isobenzofuranone (3) were isolated from the solid rice culture of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp., an endophytic fungus isolated from the fresh inner tissue of the barks of Garicinia smeathmannii. Their structures were determined by extensive spectral analysis including 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS and single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis. Asperpyrone (1) was tested against an axenic culture of Entamoeba moshkovskii, but did not exhibit any significant amoebicidal activity.
- Published
- 2021
37. Lycium schweinfurthii: new secondary metabolites and their cytotoxic activities
- Author
-
Kadria F. Ahmad, Yhiya Amen, Miyamoto Tomofumi, El-Sayed S. Mansour, Mohammed M. El-Gamil, Kuniyoshi Shimizu, Ahmed F. Halim, Ahmed Elbermawi, Marwa Elsbaey, and Ahmed Ashour
- Subjects
biology ,Traditional medicine ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Plant Science ,Phytuberin ,Lycium schweinfurthii ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Cytotoxicity ,Solanaceae - Abstract
Two new compounds, 11S-methoxy-11,12-dihydro phytuberin (2) and 9S-methoxy-benzocyclononan-7-one (6), together with twenty-six known ones were isolated from Lycium schweinfurthii (Solanaceae). Thei...
- Published
- 2021
38. Revival of Philozoon Geddes for host-specialized dinoflagellates, ‘zooxanthellae’, in animals from coastal temperate zones of northern and southern hemispheres
- Author
-
Joerg Wiedenmann, Matthew R. Nitschke, Carlos A. Spano, Isabella D’Ambra, Simon K. Davy, Todd C. LaJeunesse, Pilar Casado-Amezúa, V.M. Cubillos, David J. Suggett, Clinton A. Oakley, Kira E. Turnham, Stefano Goffredo, and LaJeunesse T. C.*, Wiedenmann J., Casado-Amezúa P., D’Ambra I., Turnham K. E., Nitschke M. R., Oakley C. A., Goffredo S., Spano C. A., Cubillos V. M., Davy S. K., Suggett D. J.
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,biology ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Lineage (evolution) ,0607 Plant Biology ,Adaptive radiation, ecological specialization, Mediterranean Sea, Symbiodiniaceae, temperate zone, zooxanthellae ,Dinoflagellate ,Plant Science ,Aquatic Science ,Sea anemone ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Marine Biology & Hydrobiology ,Symbiodinium ,Mediterranean sea ,Genus ,Zooxanthellae ,Adaptive radiation ,14. Life underwater - Abstract
The dinoflagellate family Symbiodiniaceae comprises numerous genera and species with large differences in diversity, ecology and geographic distribution. An evolutionarily divergent lineage common in temperate symbiotic cnidarians and designated in the literature by several informal names including ‘temperate–A’, AI, Phylotype A´ (A-prime) and ‘Mediterranean A’, is here assigned to the genus Philozoon. This genus was proposed by Geddes (1882) in one of the earliest papers that recognized ‘yellow cells’ as distinct biological entities separate from their animal and protist hosts. Using phylogenetic data from nuclear (rDNA), chloroplast (cp23S) and mitochondrial genes (cob and cox1), as well as morphology (cell size), ecological traits (host affinity) and geographic distributions, we emend the genus Philozoon Geddes and two of its species, P. medusarum and P. actiniarum, and describe six new species. Each symbiont species exhibits high host fidelity for particular species of sea anemone, soft coral, stony coral and a rhizostome jellyfish. Philozoon is most closely related to Symbiodinium (formerly Clade A), but, unlike its tropical counterpart, occurs in hosts in shallow temperate marine habitats in northern and southern hemispheres including the Mediterranean Sea, north-eastern Atlantic Ocean, eastern Australia, New Zealand and Chile. The existence of a species-diverse lineage adapted to cnidarian hosts living in high latitude habitats with inherently wide fluctuations in temperature calls further attention to the ecological and biogeographic reach of the Symbiodiniaceae.
- Published
- 2021
39. Electrokinetic coupled with phytoremediation in a hydroponic system to treat the landfill leachate
- Author
-
Seyedenayat Hashemi, Farzaneh Nasrzadeh, Bahman Ramavandi, and Hadiseh Haidari
- Subjects
biology ,Waste management ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Soil Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,Contamination ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Matrix (chemical analysis) ,Cyperus alternifolius ,Phytoremediation ,Electrokinetic phenomena ,Environmental Chemistry ,Effective treatment ,Environmental science ,Leachate ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
The landfill leachate is a highly contaminated matrix containing large amounts of organic and inorganic substances that require effective treatment methods.This study was aimed to evaluate the effi...
- Published
- 2021
40. Ozone Injection at Low Pressure: Decomposition Kinetics, Control of Sitophilus zeamais, and Popcorn Kernel Quality
- Author
-
Marcus Vinicius de Assis Silva, João Vitor Felício Nogueira, Paulo Roberto Cecon, Lêda Rita D'Antonino Faroni, Ernandes Rodrigues de Alencar, Vivaldo Mason Filho, and Adalberto Hipólito de Sousa
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Ozone ,biology ,Sitophilus ,Kinetics ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Decomposition ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,020401 chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Curculionidae ,Environmental Chemistry ,Food science ,0204 chemical engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
This study aimed to characterize ozone gas (O3) decomposition kinetics when injected at low pressure for controlling Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and its effect on po...
- Published
- 2021
41. Nutritional profile and antioxidant capacities of fermented millet and sorghum gruels using lactic acid bacteria and yeasts
- Author
-
Abiodun I. Sanni, Kolawole Banwo, Faith Chinasa Asogwa, A.T. Adesulu-Dahunsi, and Omotade R. Ogunremi
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Antioxidant ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Biology ,Sorghum ,biology.organism_classification ,Food safety ,040401 food science ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Lactic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,chemistry ,010608 biotechnology ,medicine ,Fermentation ,Food science ,business ,Bacteria ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Predominant lactic acid bacteria and yeasts isolated during the spontaneous fermentation of millet and sorghum were investigated for technological characteristics and food safety. Nutritional profi...
- Published
- 2021
42. Clonostachys rosea selected by nematicidal screening and its efficacy against Meloidogyne incognita in a greenhouse
- Author
-
Abril Diaz-Braga, Gabriela Heredia, Elizabeth Herrera-Parra, Miguel Tzec-Simá, Irma L. Medina-Baizabal, Jairo Cristóbal-Alejo, Blondy Canto-Canché, and Marcela Gamboa-Angulo
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,010602 entomology ,Horticulture ,biology ,Insect Science ,Meloidogyne incognita ,Clonostachys rosea ,Greenhouse ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Meloidogyne incognita, one of the most important root-knot nematodes of crops, is still mainly controlled with synthetic agrochemicals. Toward finding eco-friendly alternative controls such as bioc...
- Published
- 2021
43. Study of cardioprotective activity of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Bauhinia madagascariensis compared to Bauhinia purpurea against adrenaline-induced myocardial toxicity in rats
- Author
-
Fatma Abdel-Azim Sanad, Madiha A. Hassan, Walid Hamdy El-Tantawy, Fayza Tawfiek Abdl Aziz, and Abeer Temraz
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Chemical Health and Safety ,biology ,Traditional medicine ,business.industry ,Bauhinia ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Myocardial toxicity ,Medicine ,Myocardial infarction ,business ,human activities ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Cardiovascular ailments result in a great rate of mortality all over the world. Myocardial infarction is a common presentation of cardiovascular disease. The current work aimed to investigate and c...
- Published
- 2021
44. Variation in the Nutritional Composition of Soft and Hard Blue Swimming Crabs (Portunus pelagicus) Having Good Export Potential
- Author
-
Asha Hema Malini, Neeraj Pathak, N. Neethiselvan, Pandurengan Padmavathy, Akalesh Patel, R. Shalini, R Mayilvahnan, Robinson Jeya Shakila, Geevaretnam Jeyasekaran, Ulaganathan Arisekar, and Udhaya Kumar
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,biology ,Nutritional composition ,Portunus pelagicus ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Nutritional quality ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,040401 food science ,01 natural sciences ,Protein content ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,010608 biotechnology ,Fatty acid composition ,Food science ,Food Science - Abstract
The variation in the nutritional composition of hard and soft shell blue swimming crabs was examined. The protein content varied significantly in hard (13.64%) and soft shell BSC (9.34%). Sarcoplas...
- Published
- 2021
45. Life cycle assessment of heavy metal contaminated sites: phytoremediation and soil excavation
- Author
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Chun-Han Ko, Jian Ren Ho, Lang Dong Lin, Fang Chih Chang, and Bing Yuan Yang
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Pollution ,Environmental remediation ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Biomass ,Bioconcentration ,Plant Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Soil ,Metals, Heavy ,Animals ,Soil Pollutants ,Environmental Chemistry ,Pennisetum purpureum ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,Life Cycle Stages ,biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Incineration ,Phytoremediation ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Agronomy ,Soil water ,Environmental science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Phytoextraction by native Taiwanese chenopod (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) and Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) for heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) was reported first. Maximum bioconcentration factors of Cu and Cr were 8.8 and 12.5 by Taiwanese chenopod. Napier grass cultivar Taishi No.4 plants demonstrated higher survivals than that of Taiwanese chenopod, under heavy metal stress in soils. All heavy metal accumulation and biomass data were employed, as well as historical engineering data were collected for conventional excavation-and-refill remediation of two sites. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted for comparing environmental performances of phytoextraction and conventional remediation for two contaminated sites. Assuming one-year growth, three harvests were done and biomass was collected and sent to the nearest municipal incinerators, phytoextraction by both plants demonstrated superior environmental performances than conventional methods for contaminated site remediation. High quantities of fuels to haul the soils of conventional methods mainly contributed to the greenhouse gas emission. Phytoextraction has the most advantages for sites with lesser extents of pollution and time restraints. Environmental performances of phytoremediation were even better if energy recovered from biomass incineration is counted. Novelty statement Phytoextraction by native Taiwanese chenopod and Napier grass was firstly reported. Life cycle assessment was conducted for comparing the phytoextraction and conventional remediation. Phytoextraction demonstrated superior environmental performances. Energy reutilization of biomass recovered made phytoremediation more sustainable.
- Published
- 2021
46. Molecular characterisation and efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against the Green shield bug Palomena prasina (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) under laboratory conditions
- Author
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Celal Tuncer, Göksel Özer, and Ismail Oguz Ozdemir
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Entomopathogenic fungi ,Biology ,Pentatomidae ,Green shield bug ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Hemiptera ,010602 entomology ,Horticulture ,Insect Science ,Yield (wine) ,Palomena prasina ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Green shield bug (GSB) Palomena prasina (L.) causes significant yield and quality losses in hazelnut production of Turkey. Alive and dead adults of GSB were collected from the main hazelnut cultiva...
- Published
- 2021
47. Genetic diversity and gene flow amongst admixed populations of Ganoderma boninense, causal agent of basal stem rot in African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Sarawak (Malaysia), Peninsular Malaysia, and Sumatra (Indonesia)
- Author
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Đ. Hadziabdic, H. J. Tung, K. J. Goh, M. Nurul Fadhilah, S. Astari, F. Midot, Wei Chee Wong, Robert N. Trigiano, Y. K. Goh, L. Melling, and S. Y. L. Lau
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Veterinary medicine ,Genetic diversity ,Physiology ,Population ,Outcrossing ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Biology ,Elaeis guineensis ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,030308 mycology & parasitology ,Gene flow ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetic structure ,Genetics ,Genetic variability ,Stem rot ,education ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
In 1911 and 1917, the first commercial plantings of African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) were made in Indonesia and Malaysia in Southeast Asia. In less than 15 years, basal stem rot (BSR) was reported in Malaysia. It took nearly another seven decades to identify the main causal agent of BSR as the fungus, Ganoderma boninense. Since then, research efforts have focused on understanding G. boninense disease epidemiology, biology, and etiology, but limited progress was made to characterize pathogen genetic diversity, spatial structure, pathogenicity, and virulence. This study describes pathogen variability, gene flow, population differentiation, and genetic structure of G. boninense in Sarawak (Malaysia), Peninsular Malaysia, and Sumatra (Indonesia) inferred by 16 highly polymorphic cDNA-SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. Marker-inferred genotypic diversity indicated a high level of pathogen variability among individuals within a population and among different populations. This genetic variability is clearly the result of outcrossing between basidiospores to produce recombinant genotypes. Although our results indicated high gene flow among the populations, there was no significant genetic differentiation among G. boninense populations on a regional scale. It suggested that G. boninense genetic makeup is similar across a wide region. Furthermore, our results revealed the existence of three admixed genetic clusters of G. boninense associated with BSR-diseased oil palms sampled throughout Sarawak, Peninsular Malaysia, and Sumatra. We postulate that the population structure is likely a reflection of the high genetic variability of G. boninense populations. This, in turn, could be explained by highly successful outcrossing between basidiospores of G. boninense from Southeast Asia and introduced genetic sources from various regions of the world, as well as regional adaptation of various pathogen genotypes to different palm hosts. Pathogen variability and population structure could be employed to deduce the epidemiology of G. boninense, as well as the implications of plantation cultural practices on BSR disease control in different regions.
- Published
- 2021
48. Syntrichia splendida M.T.Gallego & M.J.Cano (Pottiaceae), a new moss species from northern Chile
- Author
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M. Teresa Gallego and María J. Cano
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,biology ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Moss ,Pottiaceae ,Geography ,Genus ,South american ,Botany ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
While studying material of South American Syntrichia for a worldwide revision of the genus, we found that a specimen collected in Parinacota (Chile) did not match the concept of any species known i...
- Published
- 2021
49. Managing resistance evolution to transgenicBtmaize in corn borers in Spain
- Author
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Yann Devos, Antoine Messéan, Ana M Camargo, Fernando Álvarez-Alfageme, and Salvatore Arpaia
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Mediterranean climate ,Integrated pest management ,0303 health sciences ,Genetically modified maize ,Resistance (ecology) ,biology ,MON 810 ,Genetically engineered ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Agronomy ,010608 biotechnology ,Bacillus thuringiensis ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,European union ,030304 developmental biology ,Biotechnology ,media_common - Abstract
Since 1998, genetically engineered Bt maize varieties expressing the insecticidal Cry1Ab protein (i.e. event MON 810) have been grown in the European Union (EU), mainly in Spain. These varieties confer resistance against the European and Mediterranean corn borer (ECB and MCB), which are the major lepidopteran maize pests in the EU, particularly in Mediterranean areas. However, widespread, repeated and exclusive use of Bt maize is anticipated to increase the risk of Cry1Ab resistance to evolve in corn borer populations. To delay resistance evolution, typically, refuges of non-Bt maize are planted near or adjacent to, or within Bt maize fields. Moreover, changes in Cry1Ab susceptibility in field populations of corn borers and unexpected damage to maize MON 810, due to corn borers, are monitored on an annual basis. After two decades of Bt maize cultivation in Spain, neither resistant corn borer populations nor farmer complaints on unexpected field damage have been reported. However, whether the resistance monitoring strategy followed in Spain, currently based on discriminating concentration bioassays, is sufficiently sensitive to timely detect early warning signs of resistance in the field remains a point of contention. Moreover, the Cry1Ab resistance allele frequency to Bt maize, which has recently been estimated in MCB populations from north-eastern Spain, might exceed that recommended for successful resistance management. To ensure Bt maize durability in Spain, it is key that adequate resistance management approaches, including monitoring of resistance and farmer compliance with refuge requirements, continue to be implemented and are incorporated in integrated pest management schemes.
- Published
- 2021
50. Chemometrics Evaluation of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities of the Extracts of Chaerophyllum bulbosum Roots and Aerial Parts
- Author
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Ebru Deveci, Gülsen Tel-Çayan, Yeter Yeşil, Mehmet Emin Duru, Zeynep Molo, and Fatih Çayan
- Subjects
Chaerophyllum bulbosum ,Antioxidant ,biology ,Traditional medicine ,Chemistry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Chemometrics ,Electrochemistry ,medicine ,0210 nano-technology ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
The objective of this study was provide the first report to assess the high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) identification of phytochemicals, the spectrophotometric determination of total phenolics and flavonoids, and antioxidant activities of the root and aerial extracts of Chaerophyllum bulbosum. HPLC-DAD identified the main phytochemical to be rosmarinic acid in the roots in the acetone (CBRA) (13.98 +/- 0.12 mg/g) and the aerial water (CBAW) extract; myricetin (8.30 +/- 0.22 mg/g) in the root methanol extract (CBRM); trans-aconitic acid (6.46 +/- 0.49 mg/g) in the root water extract (CBRW) and fumaric acid in the aerial methanol (CBAM) (17.43 +/- 0.87 mg/g) and water CBAW (18.96 +/- 0.81 mg/g) extracts. The concentrations of total phenolics and flavonoids were 2.00 +/- 0.14-17.79 +/- 0.99 mu g PEs/mg extract and 2.90 +/- 0.00-27.64 +/- 0.37 mu g QEs/mg extract, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the root acetone extract (CBRA) using the beta-carotene-linoleic (IC50: 172.31 +/- 0.16 mu g/mL) and CUPRAC (A(0.50): 126.00 +/- 0.24 mu g/mL) assays and in the root water extract (CBRW) for DPPH center dot (IC50: 59.51 +/- 0.21 mu g/mL) and metal chelating (IC50: 65.91 +/- 0.36 mu g/mL) assays in the aerial water extract (CBAW) using the ABTS(center dot+) (IC50: 59.51 +/- 0.21 mu g/mL) assay. The relationship between the phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of the extracts was chemometrically determined by principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA).
- Published
- 2021
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