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Objective: To demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of the defined manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) technique for treatment of type 2 cesarean scar pregnancies (CSPs)., Methods: We treated 40 patients with CSP by MVA at the Early Pregnancy Clinic of our hospital between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2014. The files of patients were reviewed and evaluated retrospectively. Eligibility criteria were hemodynamic stability and at least 2 mm myometrial thickness at the anterior part of the CSP. The key-point of successful MVA procedure is to keep away from entering the cesarean scar cavity directly; instead, CSP is displaced from the implantation site by applying vacuum, only while the cannula is passing near., Results: During the study period, the ratio of CSP to total pregnancies was 1/1000. The ratio of CSP to cesarean delivery (CD) was 1/372. In that time period, CSPs were constituted 4.41% of all ectopic pregnancies. Total of 40 patients were treated with dilatation and MVA. Complications such as excessive hemorrhage, persistence of CSP, and any need of extra intervention were not observed. The beta-hCG values of 21 patients (52.5%) decreased below 10 mIU/mL after the first 15 days, and the rest decreased below 10 mIU/mL after 3 weeks following MVA., Conclusions: This MVA technique for treatment of CSP is easily applicable and effective method with high success and low complication rates. For appropriately selected patients, we think that this method can be considered as the first- line treatment.

The intrauterine diagnosis of micropenis is an important clue in the discernment of some syndromes and hormonal deficiencies. In this study, we tried to establish reference ranges for the fetal penile length and penile width. This prospective cross-sectional study included 179 healthy singleton male fetus pregnancies that were between 17 and 37 weeks of gestation. Of these pregnancies, the fetal penile length and width were measured using trans-abdominal ultrasound. The correlation coefficients of gestational age with penile measurements were calculated. We observed that as the gestational age increased both the penile length and width increased (p < .0001, correlation coefficients R(2) = 0.854 and R(2) = 0.883; respectively). Reference values of the penile length in the Turkish Population were similar to previously evaluated populations including English, American and Israeli populations. The penile width measurement is a convenient way to diagnose micropenis, but penile width measurement alone might miss some penile abnormalities including chordee and hypospadias.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of threatened miscarriage on obstetric complications during pregnancy and early postpartum period., Methods: In this case-control study, hospital records of 12,050 first-trimester patients between January 2011 and December 2012 at the Research and Educational Hospital in Ankara, Turkey, were used. Of the 12,050 patients, 481 threatened miscarriage patients were evaluated. The control group was formed by age- and body mass index-matched cases without first trimester bleeding. Abortion, intrauterine foetal demise, preterm birth, preeclampsia, antenatal haematoma, uterine atony placental abruption and low birth-weights were compared between the study and the control group., Results: When compared with the control group, the risk of having a preterm birth (p = 0.014; OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.15-3.24), low-birth-weight infant (p = 0.001; OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.45-3.83) and abortion (p = 0.00; OR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.62-3.91) increased in cases of threatened miscarriage. However, the risk of uterine atony was decreased (p = 0.006; OR: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.12-0.7) in the threatened miscarriage group when compared with the control group. Threatened miscarriage did not increase the risk of placenta praevia, placental abruption or intrauterine foetal demise., Conclusion: Increased complications after threatened miscarriage is probably due to the persistence of a triggering mechanism. As preterm birth and abortion rate increased, whilst uterine atony rate decreased, one of the mechanisms causing threatened miscarriage might be increased uterine contractility.

Objective: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the neuroprotective effect of magnesium sulfate on ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury in fetal rat brain., Methods: Twenty-four, 19-days pregnant rats were randomly allocated into four groups. Fetal brain ischemia was induced by clamping the utero-ovarian artery bilaterally for 20 min and reperfusion was achieved by removing the clamps for 30 min. The control group consisted of noninjured rats. No treatment was given in the ischemia-reperfusion group; whereas 1 ml saline and 600 mg/kg magnesium sulfate was administered in the vehicle and the treatment groups 30 min before ischemia reperfusion injury. Lipid peroxidation in the brain tissue was determined as the concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) for each fetal rat. A one-way analysis of variance and post hoc test were used for statistical analysis., Results: TBARS levels were found to be increased after ischemia reperfusion injury when compared with controls. Magnesium sulfate treatment prevented the increase in TBARS after ischemia reperfusion injury., Conclusions: We have shown that magnesium sulfate decreases TBARS levels significantly in fetal rat brain subjected to ischemia reperfusion injury and may have potential therapeutic benefits by reducing oxidative stress after intrauterine ischemia-reperfusion-induced fetal brain damage.