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Background: Liver in the body plays vital role including digestion, detoxification, metabolism and even production of hormones. Hepatocellular carcinoma is recognized as one of leading cause of death worldwide. Infection with hepatitis B and C virus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and excessive consumption of alcohol are among the most common risk factors associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma., Objective: The present research study involves formulation of liposomal delivery of methanolic extract of Annona muricata as an alternative for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma., Methods: The methanolic extract of Annona muricata was subjected for both nonvolatile and volatile content analysis by performing phytochemical screening and GCMS. The methanolic extract was entrapped within the liposomes for its effective delivery. The prepared liposomes were characterized in-vitro, and the optimized formulation was further evaluated against hepatocellular carcinoma induced in the animal model., Results: The methanolic extract showed the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, flavonoid, tannin, proteins and acetogenins, whereas the GMCS analysis depicts presence of 12 different compounds. The optimized in-vitro analysis of prepared liposomes showed a particle size of 107.2 ± 1.7 nm, zeta potential of -30.6 mV and entrapment efficiency of 62.15%. TEM micrograph of the optimized liposome formulation has showed spherical geometry with homogenous distribution and negligible agglomeration. In-vivo anticancer study reveals the potent efficacy of the formulation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma., Conclusion: The research findings have established the efficacy of the methanolic extract of Annona muri cata in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a frequently occurring type of cancer leading loss of huge number of lives. Folic acid (FA) conjugated solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) loaded paclitaxel (PTX) and ascorbic acid (AA) has been used as a novel approach in this study., Methods: The FA conjugated SLN were prepared by following high speed homogenization and ultrasonication methods. FA conjugated SLN were used alone and in combination to evaluate their efficacy against OSCC induced animal model. FA conjugated PTX and FA conjugated AA loaded SLN were further subjected to pharmacokinetic and biodistribution., Results: The FA conjugated SLN showed a biphasic drug release behavior both in in vitro as well as in vivo system. FA conjugated PTX loaded SLN and FA conjugated AA loaded SLN shows high efficiency when used in combination as compared to when used individually in vivo . FA conjugated SLN shows a better therapeutic efficacy as compared to normal drug as depicted by the observation of pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies., Conclusion: The in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the FA conjugated SLN concluded with a remark that, these SLN can be effectively used in the treatment of OSCC.

Context: Skin cancer represents the most growing types of cancer in human and ultraviolet radiation can be cited as one of the prime factor for its occurrence. Current therapy of skin cancer suffers from numerous side effects; for effective therapy, topical application of formulation of paclitaxel (PTX) can be considered as a novel approach., Objective: The present study is an attempt to prepare formulation of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) of PTX for the effective treatment of various form of skin carcinoma., Methods: The SLN were prepared by high-speed homogenization and ultrasonication method. The prepared SLN were characterized. The optimized PTX SLN were loaded in carbopol gel. The prepared gels were evaluated for its gelling properties and finally studied for in vivo anti-cancer efficacy and histopathological study., Results: The particle size distribution was found to be in the range of 78.82-587.8 nm. The product yield (%) was found between 60% and 66% and showed a highest entrapment efficiency of 68.3%. The in vitro release of the drug from SLN dispersion was found to be biphasic with the initial burst effect, followed by slow release. SLN-loaded gel were subjected to permeability study and the results show steady-state flux (Jss), permeability coefficient (Kp), and enhancement ratio were significantly increased in SLN-loaded gel formulation as compared with PTX-loaded gel. The histopathological study clearly reveals the efficacy of the SLN-F3 3G in the treatment of skin cancer., Conclusion: The experimental formulations show controlled release of PTX and thus expected to show reduce dose-related side effects.

Purpose: A curcumin-docetaxel co-loaded nanosuspension with increased anti-breast cancer activity was developed. Curcumin is a potential anticancer agent with p-glycoprotein (p-gp) inhibiting activity may be co-administered with docetaxel as a nanosuspension to enhance its anticancer effect by increasing the oral bioavailability and decreasing drug efflux., Methods: Nanosuspensions of curcumin and docetaxel were prepared by precipitation-homozenisation technique and evaluated for particle size, polydispersity, zeta potential and drug release. The in vitro MTT assay was conducted using MCF-7 for anti-breast cancer activity. The in vivo biodistribution by radiolabeling and tumor inhibition study was conducted in mice., Results: Homogenous nanosuspensions of 80 ± 20 nm were obtained with increased solubility. The drugs as nanosuspensions showed higher cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cell line compared to their suspensions due to the increased in vitro cellular uptake. Due to this increased solubility, sensitization of tumor cells and inhibition of p-gp the in-vivo results showed greater tumor inhibition rate of up to 70% in MCF-7 treated mice. Histopathological results showed higher apoptotic activity and reduced level of angiogenesis., Conclusions: The in vitro and in vivo study of the nanosuspensions has shown that Co-administration of Curcumin as a p-gp inhibitor with docetaxel may have the potential to increase the anti-breast cancer efficacy of both drugs.