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The article presents an argument that civilization plays two seemingly contradictory functions in Mordecai Kaplan’s thought. Kaplan's general inclusive concept of Judaism as a "civilization" remains one of the most influential contributions to modern Jewish thought. However, his interest in civilization has enabled him to pursue the conflicting pulls toward acculturation and differentiation by exploiting the multiple valences of civilization. Furthermore, the author concludes that the ultimate function of the term was its ability to advocate mutually exclusive and often contradictory objectives. Nonetheless, the author acknowledges Kaplan’s sustained effort to reconfigure American nationalism.

The article discusses Mordecai M. Kaplan’s proposal of the most original and far-reaching program for revitalizing Jewish life in America. Furthermore, he also offered the most penetrating analysis of the challenges facing Jews in 20th century America. He envisions America to be a country where in Jews are ensured of the health and survival of democracy. According to the philosopher, though the Jews depended on the democratic system to guarantee their religious and communal freedoms, the country has also benefited from them by improving the country’s democracy by asserting their individuality and ethnic distinctiveness.

The article talks about the personal history Mordecai Kaplan, a philosopher who was deeply influenced as he was by John Dewey. Kaplan was seasoned by the different cultures that surrounded him. His first and greatest influence was the European culture. Then, he came to experience the republican Paris, as well as the intrusive world of New York. The philosopher had also looked up to different philosophers ahead of him. However, one of them has the greatest influence on Kaplan. That was Ahad Ha'am. Kaplan realized how influenced he was by Ahad Ha'am. Kaplan tried to move away from a strict adherence to many of his most central teachings. However, the influence was persistent that it became the very identity of his philosophies.

The article focuses on philosophies of Charles Sanders Peirce. In this paper, Peirce is described as a theoretical philosopher. Moreover, views of Peirce on morality are presented. His philosophy of religion is also highlighted in this paper. In addition, Peirce's pragmatic epistemology, philosophy of science and theory of signs are also discussed.

The article focuses on the analytic philosophy of philosopher Charles S. Pierce. This article mentions the association of Peirce with analytic philosophers. Moreover, the theory of signs of Peirce is highlighted. The article also discusses the concept of analytic naturalism. In this paper, the differences between pragmatic naturalism and analytic naturalism are provided.

This essay discusses the rhetoric used by writer James Joyce in his novel "Finnegans Wake," as he deals with the disparity between time and the instant of its figuration. For philosopher Henri Bergson, any comparison of time with numbers (for calculation and measurement) becomes a description of time as space. In the novel, time and space are considered as identical twins in a stereotypical sibling relationship with jealousy and instincts of self-assertion. Treatment of time in the novel is extravagant and the representation of reality is fluid.

This essay discusses the connection between the philosophical views of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche and poet T. S. Eliot on the future of art and of artistic production. It gives reference to Nietzsche's essay "Vom Nutzen und Nachtheil der Histoire für das Leben," and Eliot's essay "Tradition and Individual Talent," to show similarities between their views on literary innovation. Nietzsche defines history as anathema to life while Eliot views history as events that occurred in the past and also views history as presence.

This article focuses on environmental philosophy. This concept emerged as a series of investigations into the question of whether an ethic of the environment was necessary and possible. But a few philosophers reject environmental philosophy. Because they thought that the real business of philosophy dwells far away from environmental concerns in Platonic and Cartesian questions about knowledge, truth and mind. The grounding of knowledge that this collection proposes make epistemology more earth-bound and attentive to the ecologies in which it takes place.

This article talks about putting facts and values in place and in order. But one can not deny the fact that humans have powers of dis-placement too. Knowing and appropriately respecting vital life processes will be required in greening one's belief. Richard Rorty urged philosophers to elide the urge to escape from the finitude of one's time and place. Nature and culture are two kinds of environments where humans are embodied persons. Moreover, some organisms have abundant cognitive capacities for gaining information during their lifetimes. Human faculties encompassed one's acting, knowing and valuing.

The article discusses the validity and significance of final causation in the context of modern theories of casual explanation and pragmatism by philosopher Charles Peirce. It identifies the difference between the Aristotelian and modern concepts of causation and its relevance to final causation in Peirce's pragmatism and developmental teleology. Aristotle views final causes as responsible for the explanation of the being of individuals and substances. The modern concept of causation is concerned with the physical events and the principle of motion governing such events.

The article discusses the account of human origins by pragmatist George Herbert Mead specifically his account of the evolutionary emergence of thinking and the contributions of American philosopher John Dewey to such account. Mead suggests that abilities and not genes are the focal units of biological and cultural evolutionary explanation. Dewey's concept of experience which is a full-fledged interactive process in its own right is consistent with Mead's notion of act. Absolute idealism is revealed through Mead's account of freedom, moral consciousness and subjectivity.

The article analyzes how American philosopher Charles Peirce understands the concept of reality. He identifies the real as that which is independent of what any individual thinks about it and as a type of cognition and as the object of inquiry. Obtrusive realism and projective realism are the two central elements in Peirce's thoughts on reality. A set of problems relating to Peirce's assumption that inquiry must ultimately focus on true beliefs about reality is also presented.

Looks at the classification of sciences identified by scientist-philosopher Charles S. Peirce. Life background of the philosopher; Information on the different classification of sciences studied by Pierce; Importance of communication between members of a science community to the advancement of knowledge and development of sciences.

Describes the homogenous and heterogenous personality of philosopher William James. Evidence of the divided personality of James; View of James on pluralistic moralism; Information on other philosopher's portrayal of James.

Discusses the definition of potential continuity by philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce. Definition of arithmetical continuity according to Bertrand Russell; Information on the concepts of potentiality and actuality; Meaning of topology according to Peirce.

Comments on the relation of philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce to Georg W. F. Hegel. Attitude of Peirce toward Hegel; Information on how Peirce used Hegel's thoughts to explain the pragmatic doctrine of continuity; Discussion on Hegel's dialectical stages of thinking.

Criticizes the book "Fateful Shapes of Human Freedom: John William Miller and the Crises of Modernity," by Vincent Colapietro. Views on Miller's philosophy; Information on Immanuel Kant's critical philosophy; Discussion on Miller's of philosopher Rene Descartes.

Discusses several points of disagreement with accounts of history and philosophy of John William Miller. Information on the philosophy of Miller through the perspective of Vincent Colapietro; Views of Colapietro on Miller's work; Information on the book "Fateful Shapes of Human Freedom," by Colapietro.

Emphasizes the themes of history and conflict in presenting philosopher John William Miller. Meaning of action in Miller's sense; Discussion on tradition as a crucial form of historicity; Comments on the interpretations of Miller by authors Douglas Anderson, John E. Smith and Cushing Strout.

Analyzes the philosophical outlook of politics maintained by philosopher William James. Arguments made by commentators against James' writings; Significance of the essay "The Fixation of Belief," by Charles Sanders Peirce; Description of the contemporary political life.

Discusses several aspects of Americanization, with reference to writings of philosopher George Santayana. Influence of the U.S. to a country's national identity and heritage; Details of Santayana's contact with the U.S.; Background on the Generation of 1898 movement in Spain.

Although philosophers often focus on the essays of Leopold's Sand County Almanac, especially "The Land Ethic," there is also a normative argument present in the stories that comprise most of the book. In fact the shack stories may be more persuasive, with a subtlety and complexity not available in his prose piece. This paper develops a narrative ethics methodology gleaned from rhetoric theory, and current interest in narrative ethics among literary theorists, in order to discern the normative underpinnings of the stories in Part 1. The narrative ethics approach sidesteps the need to ground the land ethic in ethical theory--which has been a reconstructive and problematic task for the philosophical interpreters of Leopold--and suggests, instead, that it emerges in Leopold's very effort to narrate his, professional, personal, and practical experience with nature. The involves examining the stories in terms of their emotional, logical and performative aspects. The result is an analysis that shows not only how these stories express normative claims, but also justify them. One conclusion of the analyses is that, in the narratives, there is less emphasis on the problematic notion of an over-arching "community" than in the prose pieces, and more emphasis on the metaphor of other living things as "fellow travelers" in the "odyssey of evolution." Second, the narratives take on an ironic attitude toward the ecological order, less discernable in the prose essays. The order itself may not be ethically admirable, but should be preserved since it makes possible any ethical relations within it. Thus, the narrative reading suggests some temperance to the usual holistic interpretation of his land ethic and its concomitant criticisms especially the charge of ecofacism. We should not take the land ethic imperative at its face value, in the sense that the good of the order itself is an intrinsic good. In the narratives, individuals are shown not merely to be means to the ecological... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the nature and importance of environmental narratives. Definition and capabilities of narratives according to writer Martha Nussbaum; Reason for creating narratives by philosophers; Qualities required to comprehend narratives.

Rooted in the 1940s,the debate on African ethnophilosophy foreshadowed and preempted what was to become a global debate, whose tenets have now brought the natural and social sciences close together. Mediated by philosophers' skepticism toward objectivism ((also called realism), scientists on both sides clearly agree that all knowledge is human-centered or driven by human interests, and therefore indigenous in various respects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the perversity and debauchery in the thinking of philosopher Charles S. Peirce. Comments on the form of perversity of thought that Peirce identifies in "How to Make Our Ideas Clear." Pattern of healthy thought for Pierce; Problems with the methods of fixing a belief that essentially perverse.

Talks about philosopher Herbert Schneider and the ideal of an intelligent society. Political implications of pragmatism according to judgments at the beginning of the 20th century; Identification of pragmatism with a certain concept of democracy; Influence of pragmatism on the works of Schneider; Factors that affected Schneider's fascination to Italian Fascism.

Talks about pragmatism and belief in substance from the views of philosophers Charles Peirce and George Santayana. Differences on the approach of the two on philosophy; Definition of knowledge; Details on the centrality of belief.

Talks about pragmatism and the philosopher Giambattista Vico. Details on the complexities of pragmatism; Dependence of Vico's thought and pragmatism on the open texture of his tropos on which he grounds the truth of mathematics; Discussion on Vico's rejection of the myth of the given and spectator theory of knowledge.

Talks about factors that made philosopher George Santayana depart from and at the same time belong to the Classical American philosophers according to philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. Agreement of the two on the limits of scientific understanding; Discussion on the illusory character of human experience and the cognitive account of aesthetic contemplation.

Discusses similarities and differences on the views of philosopher Charles Peirce regarding names and references and those of the casual theory. Explanation on reference or designation in terms of designating chains; Details on names as rigid designators; Focus of Peirce on the semantic, pragmatic and semiotic features of reference.

Reports on Ferdinand Canning Scott Schiller's interpretation of Protagoras' work. Controversy between Protagoras and Plato.

Presents a response to comments concerning an article on the theory of pragmatism according to philosopher John Dewey. Background on claims of a lack of the tragic aspects of human existence in the pragmatism of Dewey; Views on the compatibility of tragedy and pragmatism; Importance of developing competent methods for social inquiries.

Examines the presence of elements of a philosophical ethics in the metaphysical theory of philosopher Alfred North Whitehead as discussed in his work 'Process and Reality.' Views of Whitehead on the significance of the moral concerns of human beings to his metaphysics; Challenges in determining a philosophical ethics in the metaphysical system of Whitehead; Background on the elements of a philosophical ethics.

Discusses principles of classical conservatism according to British philosopher Michael Oakeshott. Background on the concept of rationalism in relation to classical conservatism; Analysis of criticisms of rationalist thinking by Oakeshott in connection to the theories of philosopher John Dewey on moral and political practices; Views of Oakeshott on the role played by method and technique in practices.

Discusses a document that features an address delivered by philosopher John Dewey, on March 30, 1930, which deals with the works of philosopher Josiah Royce. Details of the text of the speech; Background of the document; Information on Dewey's dissents from Royce.

Discusses the relationship of the philosophy of philosopher Charles Peirce with Kantianism. Details on the semiotic transformation of Kantian philosophy; Views of Peirce on philosopher Immanuel Kant's noumena/phenomena distinction; Information on Kant's characterization of logic.

Discusses the views of philosopher William James and former U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt on the philosophy of strenuous mood and strenuous life. Background of James; Details of the exploration on strenuous mood conducted by James; Comparison of the views of James and Roosevelt on strenuous life.

Discusses the development of a pragmatic conception of substance in relation to philosopher Charles Peirce's scholastic realism. Details of Peirce's categories of substance; Arguments presented by Peirce regarding the reality of laws; Factors to consider in the conception of substance.

Discusses the views of philosophers John Dewey on intellectualism and the views of philosopher Alfred North Whitehead. Information on Dewey's essay 'The Philosophy of Whitehead'; Details of Whitehead's philosophical approach; Views of Dewey on Whitehead's philosophical method.

Discusses the Roman influence on the philosophy of philosopher George Santayana. Influence of stoicism on Santayana's philosophy; Effect of the poetry of Lucretius and Virgil on Santayana; Information on Santayana's works, including the book 'Reason on Religion.'

Discusses the traditional interpretation of the work of Ralph Waldo Emerson that portrays him as a champion of nature, wilderness or country life and an opponent of the city, technology or urban life. Conflict in his views on the city and nature; Background on his emergence as an anti-urban philosopher; Value of natural objects in harmony with spiritual activity.

The article discusses the attempts of the Jews to become part of the intellectual community in Europe during the time of the Enlightenment. The Gentile philosophers accepted them only with considerable ambivalence. The conflict between 18th-century cultural exclusiveness and idealistic universalism is demonstrated by the exchange of letters between Voltaire, the philosopher who is well-known for his hostility to the Jews, and Isaac de Pinto, a Sephardic writer and patrician in Amsterdam, Netherlands. De Pinto's strong commitment to a transitional cosmopolitanism is distinctive compared to similar arguments by non-Jewish intellectuals.

Focuses on philosopher Charles Peirce's theory of truth. First step in the development of a theory of truth; Relation between truth and reality; Classes of counterexamples.

Examines whether philosopher Charles Pierce's logic was intensionalist or extensionalist. Distinction between an extensionalist and an intensionalist logic; Information on the method of extension and intension; Definition of nominalism.

Talks about the pragmatic philosophy of philosopher Frederick L. Will. Information on his contribution to the pragmatic canon; Details on his career as an analytic ordinary language philosopher; Analysis of the meaning of knowledge from the book 'Is There a Problem of Induction.'

Deals with the importance of a passage from philosopher Charles Peirce. Details on the symbolism of Peirce's inkstand and its relation to thinkers; Cognitive role of mathematical notation; Discussion on orality-literacy transformation.

Considers Peircean semiotics in the study of iconicity in language. Discussion on iconicity and the Linguistic Theory; Information on the foundations of the theory of iconicity in the semiotics of philosopher Charles Peirce; Details on endophoric iconicity in texts and the essence of poetry.

Deals with the means-end continuum and the reconciliation of science and art in the works of philosopher John Dewey. Identification of the principal elements of Dewey's analysis; Discussion on the artistic potential of everyday practice; Democratization of science as a method of realizing potentials.

Talks about temporal realism according to philosopher George Herbert Mead. Reasons for the disapproval of Mead on metaphysical interpretations of space-time; Argument of Mead that philosophical interpretations of the theory of relativity are dubious hypothesis providing power to estimate the future; Details on Mead's interpretation of special relativity.

Deals with the reflections of philosopher Charles Peirce on musical signs and subjectivity. Presentation of intuition as an independent faculty; Discussion on problems concerning the application of semiotic thought to music; Information on the article 'Questions Concerning Certain Faculties Claimed for Man,' by Charles Peirce.