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Firms continue to face many challenges with managing global supply chain operations and environmental performance. This paper presents a conceptual relationship framework that associates government, enterprises, industry standards, professional organisations, research institutions and individuals that operate and influence environmental performance. Industry case studies and standards define the various roles and relationships of these major entities in environmental performance and demonstrate the impact that different constituent interactions have on organisations and the environment. This paper aims to advance a greater understanding of environmental programmes, standards and performance through consideration of complex relationships and strategic motives of agents and constituents that interact within these systems. This study illustrates several interactions of various entities related to environmental performance and provides a framework for further research.

Environmental degradation has been a major issue for all nations and societies since the Industrial Revolution. Various organisations promote awareness and help to design and manage Environmental Management Systems (EMSs) in supply chain networks as delineated in the Macro Environmental Management Model. In this paper, the authors discuss the role and activities of two influential organisations, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), and briefly overview environmental performance of China and India. The above-mentioned organisations have had significant impact on global supply chains, and are illustrated with selected case studies and data.

In the recent past, the management of an extended supply chain network (SCN) in terms of risk and security has become very complex. Recent occurrences of earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes and innumerable man-made disruptions such as terrorist attacks, strikes, power blackouts, energy shortages and institutional failures have adversely affected the normal functioning of supply chains world-wide. This paper primarily focuses on the security issues in supply chain networks and is organised in three major sections: security risks, security risk assessment and security measures. These three sections discuss existing issues in supply chain security and present several frameworks for improving the overall security in supply chain networks.