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Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is one of the most common causes of neonatalmorbidity and mortality in most countries of the world. The objective of my study was to assessthe correlation of clinical findings of perinatal asphyxia with cranial sonography in full termbabies. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Children’sHospital Multan. Period: January 2016 to October 2016. Material and Methods: 100 fullterm babies having history of delayed cry were scanned within three days of birth in NeonatalIntensive Care Unit of Children’s Hospital Multan. Clinically findings including full term babies,birth weight, grunting, cyanosis history of mode delivery, resuscitation history, delayed cry andhypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) grades were taken from baby’s hospital file record andstandard images including coronal and sagittal plans were taken by Ultrasound machine probeof frequency 3-5 MHz. Findings were recorded on data collection sheets and spread on EXELsheets. Correlation was found by using SPSS software. Result: Out of 100 neonates 63 weremale and 37 were female with birth weight (2.4-3.6) having mean ± SD 3.08 ± 0.53. HIE grades(mild, moderate and severe) were found in 12, 83, 5 babies respectively and ultrasound grades0 (normal/ mild echogenic), grade 1 (moderate echogenic) and grade 2 (severe/generalizedechogenic) were found in 32, 52, 16 neonates respectively with r= 0.37 and P-value < 0.05showing moderate positive correlation. Conclusion: Cranial ultrasound is a good screeningtool to evaluate asphyxiated neonatal brain. It has a moderate positive correlation with clinicalfindings.

Objectives: The objective was to determine accuracy of ultrasound in thediagnosis of ureteric calculi confirmed on non-contrast Computed Tomography amongpatients with acute ureteric colic. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: EmergencyDepartment of Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Period: 11-07-2012 to 10-01-2013. Materials andMethods: 100 consecutive patients presenting with acute severe ureteric colic and fulfillingthe inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled for the study from the emergency departmentof Nishtar Hospital Multan. Ultrasonography was done in all patients and USG findings wererecorded for the presence or absence of hyperechoic shadows in the ureteric. All the patientsunderwent CT scan to confirm or refute the findings of Ultrasonography. Result: Mean age ofthe patients was 37.85 + 12.60 years. Males were 53 (53%) while females were 47 (47%). Meanduration of pain before presentation was 14.81 + 6.20 hours. Mean severity of pain on visualanalogue scale was 9.40 + 0.8. Overall 79 patients were diagnosed as having ureteric calculi.Ultrasonography detected the ureteric stone in 75 patients and was all found to have stoneon CT scan and represented true positives. Among 25 patients in whom ultrasound did notdemonstrate any stone, 4 were found to have ureteric stone on CT scan thus representing falsenegative whereas 21 (84%) were confirmed on CT scan not to have any stone, thus representingTrue negatives. The sensitivity of USG for detection of ureteric stone was found to be 94.9%,the specificity was 100%, and positive predictive value was 100% while negative predictivevalue was 84% .There was no significant effect of age or gender on the accuracy of ultrasound.Conclusion: Ultrasonography is a readily available, non-invasive and reliable investigation inpatients presenting with acute flank pain to diagnose ureteric stones with a specificity of 100%and a sensitivity approaching 95%. Thus it is recommended that it should be used routinely forthe evaluation of patients presenting with acute flank pain.