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Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) is a representative boosting algorithm that can build a strong classifier by optimally combining weak classifiers in such a way that subsequent weak classifiers are tweaked in favor of instances misclassified by previous classifiers. However, AdaBoost is known to be susceptible to overfitting problems due to the static nature of its weight-updating process. In this paper, we propose a new boosting algorithm, named FlexBoost (Flexible AdaBoost), that can enhance classification performance by employing adaptive loss functions, i.e., by adjusting the sensitivity of the conventional (exponential) loss function for each weak classifier. The performance benchmarks on 30 binary classification problems taken from the UCI and Kaggle datasets are presented to empirically validate the proposed algorithm.

This article is devoted to modern information and communication methods of weight and dimensional control over time. The paper analyzes the existing systems, discusses the problems of determining the mass in dynamics and methods for solving them using signal filtering.

The performance of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms have shown to be very sensitive to the main control parameters. Due to this sensitivity, various approaches have been developed to dynamically adjust the value of these control parameters in an attempt to remove the necessity of prior control parameter tuning. A large number of these adaptive approaches are different ways in which the inertia weight value can be adjusted during the search process. Recent studies have shown that these adaptive approaches are not very efficient. This paper supplements previous studies of the different inertia weight control strategies, focusing on the roaming behavior of particles under the different control strategies. It is shown that a number of these inertia weight control strategies exhibit excessive roaming behavior, resulting in wasted search effort.

We demonstrate 4-channel weighted addition in a silicon microring filter bank with 3.8 bit accuracy. Scalable calibration techniques are developed for thermal cross-talk and cross-gain saturation. Practical weight control is essential for large-scale photonic processing based on microrings.

As a unique structural system in the float-over installation, DSF supports topside weight in the load-out and tow process, and cushions collision loads of the topside and the barge in the mating process. Based on the float-over installation of LW3-1CEP topside, the paper makes deeply studies on DSF from many aspects, such as general layout, span change, DSU layout, special cap limit, space bound, member optimization, weight control and so on. And then this paper discusses a new type of DSF system with greater capability to support topside weight of up to 27,000 metric tons, meeting functional requirements of super-heavy topside float-over installation. The research of the new type of DSF will be a guide and reference for future heavier topside float-over installation.

In order to increase the active component, saponins, of the ginseng and improve the quality of it, the fresh ginseng is prepared to become the red ginseng through steaming ginseng and drying process. The steaming ginseng, which steam the fresh ginseng at 98~100°C for 3 hours, of the red ginseng process determine color and amounts of active components of the red ginseng. However, the red ginseng's quality will be low because the occurred cracks on the ginseng's surface expel active components. The cause of crack formation seems due to water absorbed into the ginseng. Therefore, in order to reduce cracks on the ginseng's surface, we propose a control system that maintains constantly the weight of water absorbed during steaming. To conduct the proposed method, an apparatus measuring the weight of ginseng in real-time is constructed and then a control system to keep the ginseng weight by manipulating the steam and hot-dried air is designed. As a result of steam and air inflow control, the crack formation would be minimized, improving yield of the high quality red ginseng.

This study designed a body weight support system controlling load on a patient during gait training. The designed system consisted of a tow device, elevation and rotation device, and load control device. The tow device tows a patient using an electric winch, and the elevation and rotation device elevates and rotates the body weight control system using a motor and bearings. And, the load control device controls load on a patient during gait training using elasticity force of two motors and spring. Load on a patient during gait training is measured by a load measurement sensor equipped in the load control system. The load control system controls load on a patient during gait training using the value measured by the load measurement sensor. This study modeled a body weight system to obtain design variables for motors and springs of the load control device by using a dynamics interpretation package, and made a control system to perform a control simulation of the body weight control system. Based on the simulation result, this study intended to design the proposed system as a system controlling load on a patient during gait training.

Obesity is a serious public health concern in the current society, mainly, in developed countries. Common and key treatments for obesity include dieting and frequent physical activity. But more important, it requires a strong individual discipline, motivation, and constant monitoring of the food intake. This paper presents SapoFitness, a mobile health application for a dietetic monitoring and assessment. SapoFitness is customized to its user keeping a daily personal health record (PHR) of his/her food intake and daily exercise. This PHR contains vital health information that will evaluate the nutritional state of the patient (user). The application supports continuous user monitoring and sends alerts/messages concerning his/her diet program taking into account his/her physical activity. SapoFitness is a challenged mobile application that delivers the action to the user, anytime and anywhere, motivating him for a healthier life style. The proposed system was evaluated in several Android-based mobile devices and it is ready for use.

With the competition of rhythmic gymnastics athletes, rhythmic gymnastics workers in every country all general realized having an ideal heavy is one of the indispensable factors of improving rhythmic gymnastics technical value. Studies in athletes have shown that L-carnitine supplementation may foster exercise performance. In this paper the mechanism of negative energy balance principle and L-carnitine supplementary for rhythmic gymnastics athletes' weight control are presented. The results of control experiment show both the mechanism of negative energy balance principle and L-carnitine supplementary are effective to rhythmic gymnastics athletes' weight control. And the L-carnitine supplementary is more efficient. Study shows that rhythmic gymnastics athletes eat L-carnitine three times every day, 2g/d and last 4 months, the thickness of sebum would be reduced 4.71 cm, the decrease rate reached 7.5%.

According to the mechanism of precision injection molding, the influence of the product quality in the precision injection molding and the settlements, this paper proposes the importance of the on-line measurement of polymer melt density to improve the weight repeatability accuracy of the precision injection work piece. It analyses the limitation that the control of injection volume is unable to effectively realize precision control of the injection weight in the traditional injection molding process and also the limitation of PVT process control to improve the injection weight accuracy in the injection process in principle. It also discusses the feasibility of the injection weight control based on the on-line measurement of polymer melt density to improve the work piece weight repeatability accuracy using the equivalence injection principle of the injection molding and investigates the weight control approach in the injection molding process.

The 7000 m deep-ocean rock drill is an important equipment of prospect for ocean mineral resource. It is made up of orientation outfit, turning outfit, pushing outfit, drill tool, framework, control system and safeguard system, etc. The main parameters are accounted, and the basic structure, function, working principle and technical parameters of the 7000 m deep-ocean rock drill are introduced in this paper. The key technical difficulty of drill tool manufacture, tiny landform adaptability, safeguard system, the control of low force when chisel in, the control of weight with whole machine are resolved.

Non-fragile robust control problem of a paper basis weight is studied. It is pointed out that this problem is really a non-fragile robust performance problem, the problem with both non-fragile robust stability and performance requirements(bandwidth and disturbance attenuation). It is also suggested that the design of the non-fragile robust performance can be formulated as a μ-synthesis problem, if the uncertainty weighting function and the performance weighting function to system bandwidth and disturbance attenuation are revised appropriately. The μ-synthesis non-fragile robust PI controllers of the paper basis weight control system are solved. The results show that the proposed method is efficient and feasible.

The ion adsorption of cobalt (2+) on the oxide sorbents with different concentrations of the ions of Co2+ and pH has been experimentally studied. The acid-base model of adsorption, which makes it possible to optimize the technological regimes of the adsorption of Co2+ on the inorganic sorbents (Co2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, SiO2 and other) has been proposed. The special feature of model is calculation the double electrical layer (DEL) at the oxide-solution border.

The looper control is important control items in hot strip mills because it can affect the strip quality as well as strip threading. The loopers are placed between each rolling stands, it is very important to control stably both a looper and strip tension at their each target values. In the paper, the problem of designing an innovative control scheme for the looper of the hot strip mills is considered,and H ∞ controller for looper system was designed. Design method of state feedback is described in this paper, also showing strong robustness. At last, we compare the performance of conventional PI control with the proposed H ∞ control.

At present, the weight control accuracy of tablet has to meet more strict demands. In this paper, the operating theory, which is to adjust the weight of tablet through testing the pressure exerted on it, is introduced in detail. And on this foundation, an approach which is to apply grey forecast control scheme in the weight control of tablet is proposed. By this approach, the next tablet pressure can be predicted according to the last tablet's. And then, the depth of filling drug powder will be adjusted by comparing with the standard pressure to control the weight of tablet. Later, this approach is employed in the tabletmachine whose type is ZP145A, and the experimental results show that the weight accuracy of tablet could be controlled nicely. The tolerance reached ±3.00%, and meets production requirements well.

This paper investigates the influence of the different gains of weight branches to the dynamic characteristic and interference cancellation ratio (ICR) of an analog adaptive interference cancellation system (AAICS). We solved the transient-state and steady-state characteristics of weights. And the rule of ICR varying with the different gains was studied. The difference of the gains of weight control branches leads the convergence speeds of the two weights are different. The convergence speed of the system is decided by the slower weight. Enlarging the gains will improve the average convergence speed and ICR. The analyses are in agreement with the computer simulation. For the different gains, the system is a time-variant system. The more the difference of gains is, the severer THD (Total harmonic distortion) will be. And the new interference will appear.

The effects of a novel, low-temperature ( 4 process at similar deposition temperatures. The PETEOS process provides > 2.5x via sidewall coverage than the PE-silane based process in medium-high aspect ratio vias and also exhibits superior electrical characteristics at these temperatures, with measured electrical leakage values 10 MV.cm−1. Successful Cu plating results of via test structures are also shown.

In this paper, structure and control of a fuel cell hybrid electric scooter for mass production are presented. The zero emission scooter development will improve air quality and protect the environment, especially in Asia and Europe where over 25 million scooters are produced annually. The generic advantages of low-pressure hydrogen storage of the fuel cell powered scooter are explained and control strategies of a fuel cell hybrid scooter are presented. Also, experimental verifications and discussions are presented, based on a prototype system controller.

This paper describes a method of part-based gait identification under substantial clothes variations. When clothes types between a gallery and a probe are different, silhouettes fairly change for some parts and subject discrimination capability decrease for those parts. Therefore, we exploit the discrimination capability as a matching weight for each part and control the weights adaptively based on a distribution of distances between a probe and all the galleries. As a result of experiments with our clothes-variation gait dataset, the proposed method achieved much better performance than a whole-based approach.

This paper gives a detail analysis of needed technical quality for addressing control and command mass market. The WPC technology provides a low cost, small size and low consumption solution compliant with market requirements.

In 2006 it became clear for the Royal Netherlands Army (RNLA) that the traditional concept for exchanging data in the mobile domain, based upon hierarchical radio nets, could not offer sufficient performance for the future Battlefield Management System' (BMS). The C2 Support Centre, who develops the BMS, became aware of the insufficient performance through theoretical studies, lab experiments and field trials with currently used and various new radios. It also became clear that In the foreseeable future potential vendors of VHF radios could not offer radio's that provide the performance that was needed for the BMS system. These insights led to a concept where geographical related Information is exchanged to all vehicles in the immediate vicinity, Instead of through the traditional hierarchical way. The concept, which was named 'Geographical Based Situational Awareness ' (GBSA) aims to maximize the situational awareness In all vehicles in a geographical area without the need for communication up and down the hierarchical command chain). The benefits of this approach are increased timeliness of information and a significant reduction of the amount of information communicated along the hierarchical lines. The main operational benefit is a significantly improved support for fratricide prevention due to more timely position reports. As a first step in the development of the GBSA concept the C2 Support Centre choose to develop an abstract of the concept for Position Updates only. It was decided to run tests with 50 nodes as an average in the network and to continue with a simulation with up to an estimated maximum of 200 nodes. This paper discusses the recent development aspects that led to the GBSA concept. It furthermore describes the developed software, performed lab experiments, and the modelling and performance simulation of the mobile Position Update (PU) system. Simulation studies indicate that the GBSA-PU system is flexible enough to maintain an awareness of the position of vehicles in their local environment. The characteristics of the GBSA-PU system, its current and foreseen development as well as its relation to the hierarchical networks will also be presented. ©2007 IEEE.

This paper addresses the problem of controlling the motions of a cargo-carrying vehicle where the cargo can "move" ("rattle") with respect to the vehicle. Two methods of modern control design are used to develop controllers that "minimize" the cargo movement ("rattle") during vehicle motion.

The huge progress in microsatellite performance has improved satellite capabilities in the field of Earth observation and, yet more precisely and cost-effectively, in imaging the Earth's surface. The paper presents the characteristics of the BALKANSAT microsatellite platform, the special challenges of the scientific programs, the expected results and their applications. The paper makes an economic and scientific survey of the various microsatellite missions and their applicability to regional and national tasks related to monitoring Earth objects and atmospheric influences. Furthermore, the role and suitability of the proposed devices and the expected multispectral data in investigating environmental performance in various time periods is explained. The future objectives are related to establishing an economically and ecologically effective framework using microsatellite technologies to evaluate environmental issues, providing an objective and scientifically sound framework as a basis of the progress in Earth monitoring.

Lemur IIa, the second-generation Limbed Excursion Mechanical Utility Robot, is a six-limbed walking robot developed at NASA' s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Lemur is distinct in part because each limb was designed be used for both walking and manipulation. It is intended to be a prototype of a dexterous, operationally flexible robot for on-orbit assembly, inspection, and maintenance. This video illustrates some of the current capabilities of this platform. Demonstrations included are omnidirectional walking without rotating the robot, body pose control from a fixed stance, visually guided docking with a recharging station, and manipulation and inspection with multiple tools (on multiple limbs). These capabilities represent a sample of the current tasks Lemur is performing. Please see www-robotics.jpl.nasa.gov for more information and demonstrations about Lemur.

Although there are many advantages associated with UAVs, the production cost as well as operation cost of one of today’s military UAV’s is an overwhelming problem. In this paper, a more basic and fundamental approach to controlling a mission of UAVs is proposed. Based on a combination of low-level behaviors, a swarming hierarchy is derived from three levels of behaviors: basic, individual and group. The proposed hierarchy enables multiple UAVs to successfully conduct a mission using a condition-based switching mechanism and relying on local interactions between each other and with minimal interactions with human controllers who only intervene when coordinating the mission-level actions [1]. From an analytical model of a point mass UAV in a 2D environment where mass, air drag force, initial speed and gravitational acceleration are constant and the only controls for the UAV are the thrust force and its banking angle, several behavior combinations are simulated in order to obtain a family of feasible solutions. The results achieved suggest that the above mentioned condition-based switching mechanism can be used and eventually applied to actual UAVs.

Freight transportation by truck is at the foundation of the economy of the prairie region of Canada. The trucking mode is controlled by a myriad of regulations limiting vehicle weights and dimensions. One important aspect of truck weight regulation in the prairie region concerns their seasonal nature. This seasonal feature is designed to reduce truck loads during thawing periods (using spring weight restrictions) and increase them during freeze-up periods (using winter weight premiums). By limiting loads, spring restrictions help protect pavements when they are in their weakest state. By relaxing load limits on the other hand, winter premiums improve trucking efficiency during those periods when pavements are particularly strong due to their frozen state. Both the spring and winter components of these regulations are matters that can be impacted by climate change, with potentially important subsequent effects on transportation efficiency in the prairie region. In recent years advanced technologies have provided opportunities to effect rationalization and harmonization of seasonal weight limits in the prairie region-with much greater sensitivity to climatic conditions, and changes in those conditions. This paper outlines how and what technologies are being adopted to allow for adaptation and more aggressive real-time knowledge-based harmonization and rationalization of seasonal weight limits in a world of changing climatic conditions.

This paper studies adaptive digital beamforming (ADBF) at the subarray level. We present the signal model, generalize the optimum weights at element level to ones at subarray level directly, get the general form of the conventional weights at subarray level and discuss it based on different criteria. Moreover, by introducing the mismatched vector we improve the optimum weights at subarray level. The improved methods can work not only in the presence of jammers but also in the absence of jammers. The desired quiescent patterns can be obtained without SLL (sidelobe level) losses in the absence of jammers and also the SLL improves remarkably in presence of jammers. Simulation results indicate the validity of the introduced methods

PLATO STAYWELL is a microcomputer program of health behavior change that focuses on the areas of smoking cessation, weight control, stress management, blood pressure management, and fitness behavior. The program is highly individualized, matches people to the program intervention most likely to be effective for them, and is modified while the person is in it as a function of their behavior change in the program. The efficacy of matching and reassignment is evaluated by a mathematical model that enables the program to make increasingly accurate decisions. The program is patient, friendly and supportive, and provides graphic feedbad, of progress. Users receive only information relevant and useful to them, and have the opportunity to apply newly learned information in computer simulation situations.

The paper proposes a linear digital redesign technique for missile autopilots that relies on polynomial methods and linear algebra. The method constrains the complexity of the dual-rate sampled-data missile autopilot while taking into account the linearized missile dynamics and the topology of the continuous-time control system.

We have proposed a novel spatial filtering technique named "virtual subcarrier assignment" (VISA) for OFDM signals, which colors OFDM signals with different virtual subcarrier positions in their spectra to enable an adaptive array antenna at the receiver to accept the OFDM signals selectively (Hara, S., 2003; Hara and Jia, Y., 2004; Jia and Hara; 2004). We now propose an attractive application of VISA with multiple virtual subcarriers to realize easily the coexistence of multiple WLANs in a localized area. In addition, we present a multi-step RLS-based weight control algorithm to support VISA with multiple subcarrier puncturing in an IEEE 802.11a based system. The validity of the proposed system is verified by simulation results.

The development of a novel, stand-alone instrument for the measurement of two gases (namely methane and carbon monoxide) is presented in this paper. The main contribution of this research work is focused on the novel method for the identification of the two gases from a pair of SnO/sub 2/ sensors. Instead of suppressing the cross-sensitivity of each of the sensors, this method is combining the information from both of them to calculate the two concentrations. A two-dimensional information table, obtained from a detailed calibration procedure, is used by this microcontroller-based method which is shown to offer a clear identification and measurement of the concentration of each of the two gases with a measurement error of less than 2%.