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Universities require faculty who have the quality in the process of learning (PBM). Therefore, it is necessary to level the quality of teaching faculty grouping which aims to assist the academic authorities in determining the quality of teaching faculty decision. Material treated in this study were 104 faculty assessment in the form of questionnaires in the academic year 2018/2019 are sourced from the student and processed using the k-means and then implemented using rapid miner software. The results of testing the accuracy of clustering quality of faculty performance against this method is 100%. The results can be concluded from this study is very precise k-means is used to classify the level of quality of teaching faculty.

This paper presents a methodology for topic extraction from a corpus of unstructured posts submitted to the online health forum r/Cancer. Topic extraction is important in many fields. It can provide an understanding of how patients and their caregivers manage the disease and related treatments. Reduced vector embeddings are generated for each post using a combination of a pre-trained language model and dimensionality reduction. These embeddings are then clustered with particle swarm optimization (PSO). An embedding size of 300 produced a topic model with a quality of 0.44. This quality level was obtained without biasing the words in the vocabulary towards a specific topic as currently practiced.

Worker performance is highly significant in the construction industry since it affects the productivity, safety, and quality level of the project. Construction activities are considered labour-intensive as they heavily rely on human effort. This study aims to evaluate and rate the impact of the factors affecting construction worker performance in the Sri Lankan construction industry. The factors identified through the literature review were categorized into different 11 groups by their nature. The most suitable factors were selected and grouped by using a specific structured approach. Structured questionnaires comprising all the selected factors were used to gather the relevant data from directors, managers, technical officers, engineers, and other professionals. All the gathered data were analysed and were ranked using the Relative Important Index (RII). Improvement strategies were also proposed, and a framework had been developed for improving worker performance. The results of this study will be worthwhile information to improve the performance of the project as part of the research was involved in investigating the interaction relationship of the key factors affecting worker performance to improve the labour productivity in the Sri Lankan construction industry.

For quality control of special steels, the microstructure of the steel is visually inspected on the basis of microscopic images. In this study, aiming to eliminate the effect of personal differences between inspectors and reduce inspection costs, a system for automatically estimating quality level (hereafter, “automatic-quality-level-estimation system ‘’) based on machine learning is proposed and evaluated. Collecting the images is a manual task performed by the inspector, and it is difficult to prepare multiple training samples in advance. As for the proposed method, overfitting, which is a problem in training with few samples, is suppressed by data expansion based on variation distribution of correct-answer values. The correct-answer rate for judging quality level by an inspector was about 90%, while the proposed method achieved a rate of 90%, which is sufficient to render the method practically applicable.

With the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, sanitizing procedures have become fundamental in work environments, where surfaces and objects are frequently touched by multiple people, enhancing the risk of exposure to the disease. To assure safe working conditions, it is of primary importance to assess the adherence of the sanitation activity to the recommended protocols with a certain level of accuracy. In this work, we propose a methodology able to estimate the accuracy level of sanitation procedures by applying clustering techniques on multiple features extracted from wrist-mounted accelerometric sensors measurements.

In view of the complex changing characteristics of English teaching quality, in order to obtain high-precision English teaching quality evaluation results, an English teaching quality evaluation algorithm based on principal component analysis and artificial intelligence is designed. This paper constructs the influence index of English teaching quality, optimizes and selects the evaluation index of English teaching quality by principal component analysis, and obtains the evaluation result of English teaching quality grade by artificial intelligence. The test results of specific application examples show that the proposed evaluation algorithm can accurately evaluate the English teaching quality level, and the evaluation results can provide valuable information for improving the quality of English teachig.

Vehicular communications allowed the vehicles connected to traffic lights, road signs, or building infrastructures. Adaptive modulation enabled the system to maintain the quality level as the vehicles moved through different environments. In this paper, QPSK, 8PSK, and 16-QAM modulation schemes are utilized for low, medium, and high noise environments with the AWGN channel model. Reinforcement learning is implemented in the V2I scheme with an epsilon-greedy algorithm to decide which modulation scheme should be used based on the environment condition. The simulation showed promising results with most selected modulation scheme in low noise environment is 16-QAM, in medium noise is 8PSK, and in high noise is QPSK.

At present, China's economy is changing from the stage of high-speed growth to the stage of high-quality development, and the promotion of high-quality development is inseparable from the innovation of quality management. This paper takes the typical representative port manufacturing enterprises as an example to deeply analyze the development and experience of enterprise quality management innovation, so as to provide reference for the improvement of the quality level of similar enterprises and lead China's economy towards high-quality development.

Smart backpack is an application-specific design which guarantees a safe journey for travelers. The smart backpack has a different combination of services connected to a single system. It has a unique design that helps to fulfill its services. The system provides the health status of travelers and environmental status by measuring the quality level of the nearby atmosphere. As a security feature, it contains a human detective sensor-based security system. As well as the research consists of an undying power resource which charges by solar cells, the power source can be used to power up the system and to recharge traveler's devices through a USB power outlet. The Backpack has a user-friendly mobile application. This system also provides a health monitoring feature, which monitors the heart rate and body temperature of the traveler. The traveler can share his/her health status with the system and compute the real-time health condition from the outputs of the health sensors integrated into the backpack. The bag model design and building play a major role and has removable unique mini compartments for all hardware components. It should carry maximum weight with minimum pressure for the back of the traveler with minimum cost.

The paper deals with the impact of transport service quality in bus transport on the demand of passengers. The demand for transport services is determined by several factors at the same time. The impact rate of these factors varies while the impact of individual factors of demand are different also in terms of the groups of passengers realizing demand for bus transport. In order to assess the quality level, it is necessary to propose not only appropriate procedures for measuring quality criteria including the transformation of the quality loop but also to quantitative methods for expressing the quality level of transport services. In the next phase, a methodology for quantifying the impact of transport service quality on the demand for bus transport within the current needs and habits of passengers in the conditions of a particular region of the SR is proposed and applied. Improving the quality of transport services can help to stabilize the constantly decreasing demand for bus transport. By improving the quality of transport services, the objective is to increase the competitiveness and sustainability of the demand for bus transport and thus to eliminate negative impacts of individual car transport.

Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) is used to detect parameters showing further information than conventional instruments. This information is represented as a spectral signature, whose reflectance values can be applied in an artificial neural network (ANN) for detection, classification and prediction of the most important parameters in fishmeal. Currently, in many fishmeal companies there is a lack of control aimed at real-time detection of quality parameters such as protein, moisture, ash, fat, among others, whose correction is feasible during production. The problem is established at the exit of the drying process, where the optimization of the final quality parameters is possible through the controlled re-entry of the product into the dryer to reduce moisture to the optimum percentage, in a homogeneous way and without burns on the product. The present investigation applies the methodology of Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to solve the problem by developing an algorithm able to predict the main parameters to determine the quality level of fishmeal in a non-invasive way giving the possibility of improving the drying process. As a result, a good correlation between reflectance, provided by Hyperspectral Imaging, and the main quality parameters is obtained after implementing a Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network algorithm.

The paper is concerned with the features of the PLC-technology and describes the common circuit solutions of data communication devices along power lines. The research group proposes an original type of a data communication device based on making use of new physical phenomena, which have never been applied in the PLC-technology before. An inverted magnetoelectric effect in multidimensional composition material is used to transmit a signal; this effect is a combination of the piezomagnetic and the piezoelectric effects connected by elastic interactions. The proposed data communication device does not have either a transformer or a galvanic coupling between the power high-voltage line and the low-voltage information lines, thus eliminating the influence of the high operating voltage of the power line on the low-voltage lines of high-frequency equipment. The proposed variant of the data communication device can be easily incorporated into standard high-frequency equipment, thus providing higher quality level of its operation. The developed data communication device was tested by experiment as part of an experimental security and fire alarm system.

For the field assembly problem of large-scale complex products, many assembly processes are manually done by highly skilled operators. To improve the efficiency and quality level of assembly, a digital twin-based human-machine collaboration and application approach is proposed. On the basis of laser projection aided assembly, the operation mechanism is discussed in detail for visual assembly assistance of human-machine collaboration. The feasibility of the proposed approach is illustrated by an experimental case study.

In order to achieve highly compact representation for videos, we propose an adaptive quantization based perceptual video coding (PVC) scheme in this paper. Because human only perceive the limited discrete-scale quality levels, the perceptual quantization is transformed into the problem of how to determine the maximum quantization parameter (Qp) under the same perceptual quality level. So, the relationship between perceptual quality level and quantization parameter is analyzed with the statistical way in this paper. The frame-level Qp value for each quality level is determined based on the maximum probability criterion. Then, the just noticeable distortion is estimated to guide the Qp adjustment in the coding unit level (CU-level). In summary, the perceptual quantization is achieved in both the frame level and the CU level according to characteristics of human visual system (HVS). Experimental results show that the proposed PVC scheme achieves substantial bitrate reduction with better subjective and objective quality in comparison with other PVC schemes.

Packaging structure is one of the important field of device quality. In order to help the engineers to improve quality level and reduce the failure rate in using of lamp LED product, we should realize the failure mode, failure mechanisms and root causes of lamp LED package. Method: First, more than 100 failure analysis cases about lamp LED package have been carried out by the authors. And the authors made a summary of these cases. The main failure modes of lamp LED package are introduced. Then, based on these failure modes, the possible mechanism of each type of failure mode and the root causes of failures are analyzed in detail. Finally, A lot of cases are used to support the analysis in this article. Result: all failure modes, corresponding failure mechanisms and root causes are summarized in a form for reference to engineers and technicians engaged in failure analysis and product improvement. Conclusion: The failure mode of lamp LED package in the use is no light, or intermittently no light, or the intensity of light is weak. But its failure mechanism and related reasons are directing to packaging process, structure and materials.

During the construction period of major infrastructure projects, the free-riding effect among construction contractors will seriously affect the enthusiasm of each contractor to improve their subunit construction quality level and the overall project quality level. This paper focuses on the contracts of the high-quality construction incentive, when considering the free rider effect among contractors. After establishing the income function and behavior selection model of different contractors, the game matrix is obtained to analyze the influence of different contractor’s construction behavior choices on the interests of themselves and other contractors. Finally, through the incomplete induction method, the key factors that affect the efficiency of high-quality construction incentive contract are found. When the difference of the high-quality construction incentives of different grades is greater than the construction cost coefficient of the highest construction difficulty in the construction contractors, the high-quality construction incentive contract can encourage all contractors involved in not choosing to be a free rider. Instead, the subunit project and the overall project will all achieve the high-quality construction level.

In this IP session, there will be 2 presentations focusing on how to increase the in-field quality level of A/MS devices. The 1st presentation will discuss how to increase the observed return rates of Automotive ICs to 10ppb but at the same time as removing the costly burn in stage.

This paper proposes an algorithm based on convolutional neural networks for the estimation of the quality level of voice signals transmitted through cellular communication systems. The objective is to take advantage of artificial intelligence methods to estimate the MOS parameter and obtain a similar accuracy to that obtained by methods and procedures established in the international norms and international licensed standards. The proposed algorithm uses the MOS results obtained by the method detailed in the ITU-T P.862 standard. The values were obtained for different signals acquired at different reception points. With this information we proceeded to design and train a convolutional neuronal network of 4 layers, achieving very satisfactory results. For the validation, the mean square error was used to measure the degree of similarity of the MOS values obtained by ITU-T P.862 and by the proposed algorithm. The results show a mean square error of 0.00007 for the proposed algorithm.

In this paper we present a decision analytic to analyze different product development scenarios and obtain the optimal recommendation on the product development time. These scenarios differ in many aspects such as the product complexity level, the competitor's quality level, price demand-sensitivity. The objective to generate managerial insights on how much time should a company spent in the development when theses market characteristics differ. In general, product development time is sensitive to this market and yet the optimal strategy varies.

A platoon of vehicles is composed of vehicles moving at a fixed distance and speed, this offers to the driver a comfortable car trip and release him from the stressful driving task. In addition, platooning schemes could also be used to improve the delivery of videos about entertainment, such as movies and news, to increase the user experience. However, such platoon-based services require an efficient Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V)communications via Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC)and Visible Light Communication (VLC). This paper presents a comparative simulation study to evaluate the quality level of videos transmitted via DSRC and VLC in a platoon-based driving scenario. The simulation results show the benefits of VLC in delivering videos with Quality of Experience (QoE)30 % better compared to DSRC, in scenarios with a different number of hops between the source and destination, as well as videos with different characteristics.

Distribution transformer is one of the key equipment for the power grid. It is significant to the safe and stable operation of power grid. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the investment of distribution network construction will reach 1.7 trillion RMB, which makes a big market for Distribution transformer. In recent years, the manufacturing industry of Distribution transformer in China develops rapidly with high competition. The quality risk of Distribution transformer cannot be ignored. Sampling inspection has become an important means of quality control for Distribution transformers, but due to the diversity of sampling mode strategy, sampling results vary greatly. It is significant to study on optimization of sampling inspection mode and strategy, which can improve the efficiency, quality level, and the reliability of power supply. The research status and theory of sampling inspection are analyzed. The evaluation index system of transformer sampling efficiency is put forward, including the unqualified inspection rate, the qualified rate of the item, the qualified rate of the product, and the sampling efficiency index. At last the evaluation index put forward is verified by the real example.

This paper investigates the recycling decision for used products in uncertain environment. Two single-cycle recycling models of manufacturing/remanufacturing hybrid system are established considering two kinds of inspection policies. In our models, random variables of known probabilities are used to describe the uncertainty of quantity and quality of recycling products, where the amount of collected used products is assumed as a function of buy-back cost and the quality level of collected used products follows a known distribution. And we describe the differences of remanufacturing costs by quality grading. In order to maximize the total profit of the system in the cycle, the best recovery price and the lowest quality acceptable level are found. Then, the dynamic adjustment strategy is introduced into the quantum genetic algorithm and the corresponding solving process is designed. Finally, a case study is addressed to verify the feasibility of the algorithm and the sensitivity analysis of the parameters are given.

In this paper, we develop a dual-channel supply chain model consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer. Analyzing and comparing the optimal decisions of price and quality level under both centralized and decentralized decision-making models. We found that under the dual-channel supply chain structure, the pricing of product under online channel is always lower than the retail price. The opening of online channel helps to improve the quality of products. When consumer acceptance of online channel is at higher levels, product quality under centralized decision is always better than product quality under decentralized decision. From the perspective of cooperation between manufacturers and retailers, this paper studies the compensation strategy for the coordination of the quality of the dual-channel supply chain, and demonstrates that this coordination strategy can achieve the quality coordination of the dual-channel supply chain and can ensure the dual-channel supply chain members win-win within a certain range. Finally, a case study is conducted to further verify the effectiveness of the coordination strategy designed for the coordination of the dual-channel supply chain.

One of the methods to improve the quality level of outgoing lot, during the inspection is rectifying inspection. In this study, rectifying multiple deferred state sampling plan is proposed as the proportion of nonconforming items is imprecise. The obtained results show that the outgoing lot quality is always better than the incoming lot quality under the operation of the proposed plan. An industrial example is provided to illustrate how the proposed plan can be applied to the real world.

In this IP session, there will be 3 presentations focusing on how to increase the in-field quality level of A/MS devices. The 1st presentation will discuss using optical inspection data with electrical test data such that the combined data can be used to further screen out potentially bad devices that would have normally passed electrical testing. The 2nd presentation discuses using a top level fault injection method to determine the ASIL levels in the ISO26262 standard. The 3rd presentation will discuss the current progress of the P2427 Standardized Analogue Test Coverage Working Group and how this standard can be used to increase quality levels of A/MS devices.

Dependence of the integral evaluation of the human-machine system quality from the parameters of the operator labor organization is modeled based on a simulation model. The simulation model describes employee activities in the form of sequences of work and rest intervals. It is obtained the family of dependencies curves of private quality indicators and integrated assessment of the human-machine system quality from the number of rest intervals at different values of the initial work activity, the intensities of fatigue and recovery of operator.

The assembly quality of diesel engine is one of the important factors affecting the quality of diesel engine. Diesel engine assembly clearance is a key factor affecting the quality of diesel engine assembling. In this paper, the data source is the assembling clearance parameters of a kind of domestic diesel engine. By studying the theory of clustering-based rough sets theory, a decision system which is based on rough sets and k-means clustering algorithm is established to dig up the approximate dependencies between assembling clearance parameters and quality level of diesel engine.

Olive batches classification is crucial to obtain the best possible oil in milling extracting process. Nowadays, this selection is done manually and it takes place before starting the milling process. This work proposes an automatic classification system of olives batch, based on computer vision, whose goal is the online differentiation of the olives batch according to their quality level. The proposed system has been installed and tested in production condition, working with real lots of olives brought to the mill for the famer. Two full setups have been installed in the factory: before and after the olive washing process. The proposed methodology uses a feature vector of the samples that concatenates the olive image histograms from different colour spaces and the result values of two algorithms used to determine the texture (image entropy and grey level co-occurrence matrix). As classifier, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used. For the experimental validation, 6325 images from 100 batches were analysed showing good classification results (success ratios of 97.1% before the washing stage and 96.4% after).

The requirements for production and learning process quality are different in various manufacturing, business and educational organizations. A new approach to fit these requirements and evaluate the closeness of realistic (actual) quality of production or learning processes (based on quality indicators of output or scores of examination tests) is proposed in the paper. The technique uses the strictly defined approximation procedures and allows users automatically evaluate of closeness of actual quality level when changing quality requirements.

Consider a co-opetitive supply chain comprising a manufacturer and a key component supplier. The latter may develop its self-branded business and hence become the manufacturer's upstream partner and downstream competitor. Given the quality level of the manufacturer's product, we study whether the supplier should enter the market and if so, what's the optimal quality level. We also study whether the manufacturer should withdraw orders and produce in house at a higher cost. We find that the supplier's quality level will not be higher than the manufacturer's. We also find that it's conditional for the supplier to drop the contract manufacturing business.

In this study, we propose a microfluidic device with a diffuser type chamber to differentiate the sperm velocity by gradually lowering down the flow speed in diffuser by gradually increasing the width of the channel. When the sperms' moving speed match the flow speed, the sperms tend to have the ability to flow against the stream, thus separating the sperms at different specific positions along the diffuser according to their motility becomes gentle and fast. Most of the motile sperm will stay in the expanding area and the non-motile sperms will drift to outlet. Different from the previous study we proposed in IEEE NEMS, 2012 , here we have three improvements: (1) Sperms can be separated in more detailed quality level. (2) Sperm will be more activated by passing through a dumb bell area than by the traditional methods. (3) The space in the device can accumulate large amount of sperms (~millions).

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is widely used in subsurface utility mapping for extracting the position (x, y) and depth (z) information of the utility. This information is crucial for subsurface facility management, in particular as reference in excavation works. The locational and depth information of the utility features is therefore of very important in subsurface mapping, apart from the reliability of the entire data acquisition and information retrieval method. This study investigates the effects of GPR data acquisition techniques to the locational and depth accuracy retrieved. The techniques examined are: (i) widely used perpendicular to pipe scanning; (ii) along pipe scanning; and (iii) variation angles scanning. Results indicated that along pipe scanning reported better penetrative power, higher detectability and best detection accuracy. Most importantly, this acquisition accuracy conforms to Quality Level A utility data requirements of the utility industries, hence offers the opportunities of GPR as measuring tool for underground cadastre system.

Many scholars think that the patent authorization and its surviving time represent the quality level of the patent — which means the patent with higher authorization rate and longer surviving time has higher quality than the one with lower authorization rate and shorter surviving time. This paper firstly makes a comparison of the authorization and surviving time of China's environmental and non-environmental patents. Then it compares the technical complexity of them with patent classification number. After the comparison, we found that both the quality level and the technical level of China's environmental patent are lower than that of its adjacent non-environmental patent technology. This paper analyzes the major reason is that not all sectors of the society with government as the main body have paid enough attention to the research and development of environmental patents for a long time. At last, it puts forwards thoughts on the development of China's environmental patents.

With the rapid development of tourism, the coverage of tourism land and the required land types have been expanding continuously. And the land quality is closely related to the quality of planning and design of the scenic spots. Guilin is a very important tourist city in our country, and the quality level of tourism land will affect tourism development, Therefore, the paper conducts a land quality evaluation based on the current situation of land utilization in Guilin City.

Construction project quality, the basis of construction, is crucial process to survive and grow for construction. In order to assessment the construction quality scientifically, provided a good method for the work of competent administrative department of construction quality management, this paper constructed a construction quality assessment indexes system according to the construction quality management related theories. We confirmed the weight of each index quantitatively by means of information entropy according to an established index system. Then, we defined the elements of an assessment matrix and a quality assessment model for construction project was set up. An example is analyzed with the system, it can improve the validity and the precision of evaluation. Consequently, it can reflect the quality level of construction project.

Process evaluation is a common yet important problem in industry. Among the key measurements such as quality, processing time, cost, and robustness, production yield is one of the fundamental criteria frequently adopted to evaluate the quality level of a process. A process with high yield is better capable of producing products meeting the requirements preset by customers. However, general evaluation procedures that count the number of defectives become inefficient especially when yield rates are high. This paper considers the processes evaluation problem by comparing the yield index S pk of two production lines with high quality. An effective and efficient approach is proposed to solve the problem. The analytical method examines the difference of two yields. The approach requires small sample sizes but sensitively distinguishes production yields. The results provide useful information to practitioners.

By establishing the partnership, enterprise of service in tourism can realize the resource and risk sharing and to partners, and achieve a win-win situation. In order to avoid the one-sidedness and blindness of selecting partners, we select partners by the fuzzy synthetical evaluation method, and manage to partnership, so as to improve the overall quality level of supply chain and the service competitiveness of enterprise in tourism tourism.

In a liberalized electricity market, it is not surprising that different customers need different power quality levels with different price. So how to achieve the synthetic grading evaluation of power quality becomes a concerned problem. In this paper, the idea of classified evaluation of power quality is emphasized, and the major differences between the continuous and event-based power quality problems both in the characteristics and time scales are analyzed. In addition, least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) theory is applied to the comprehensive evaluation of continuous power quality. Meanwhile, power supply reliability index is introduced to evaluate the overall quality level of the event-based power quality. On this basis, subjective weighting method is used to achieve the comprehensive evaluation of two types of power quality problems. Comprehensive evaluation of power quality based on meaningful classification not only highlights the two types of power quality problems, but also achieves the overall level of power quality.

Key elements of systematic yield optimization used for SOI 90, 65 & 45nm microprocessors performing between 1.5 – 5 GHz (Table 1) will be reviewed. A method for isolating, measuring and acting upon systematic yield elements is shown. Models for optimizing performance limited yield and optimizing FET performance for maximum yield are reviewed. Finally, techniques for ship product quality level yield optimization are shown.

Daqu is important for Chinese liquor production, and it determine the yield as well as quality of Chinese liquor. Daqu can be evaluated through the physical and chemical indicators such as liquor force (LF), esterifying power (EP), aroma force (which is divided into ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) and transforming ability of starch (TAS)), volume weight of caky starter (VWCS), moisture (M) and acidity (A). These indicators have different effect in liquor production. According the role in liquor production, Daqu's quailty is divided into three levels. Due to Daqu's different storage time and production month, the relationship between Daqu's indicators and its quality are different. Duqu's significant physical and chemical indicators, as well as the relationship between these sigmificant indicators and Daqu's quality, are studied using rough set theory. The information table has been built, with all seven physical and chemical indicators of two kinds of Daqu produced in July, the latest Daqu and that after a month's storage, as conditional attributes, with the Daqu quality level as decision attribute. The table is quantized and reduced. For the latest Daqu the liquor force, the transforming ability of starch and the acidity are selected as the significant indicators deciding the quality of Daqu according to the result of reduction, while the liquor force, the esterifying power and the acidity are selected for the Daqu after a month's storage. The realtionship between significant indicators and Duqu's quality are represented through the corresponding simplified rules of the table.

Daqu is important for Chinese liquor production, and it determine the yield as well as quality of Chinese liquor. Daqu can be evaluated through the physical and chemical indicators such as the esterifying power($EP$), liquefying power($LP$), saccharifying power($SP$), fermenting power($FP$), acidity, starch and moisture. These characters have different effect in liquor production. Duqu's significant physical and chemical attributes affected on liquor quality are studied using rough set theory. The information table has been built with these seven physical and chemical indicators of Daqu as conditional attributes, with the Chinese liquor quality level as decision attribute. The table are quantized and reduced, then it is shown that the acidity, esterifying power and saccharifying power are the main indicators impacting on the liquor quality. Based on the conception of weight, we find that the weights of three indicators are $25\%$, $25\%$ and $50\%$, which indicates that, the saccharifying power has most effect on the liquor quality, while the effects of acidity and esterifying power are the same.

The aim of the work is ultimately to establish a theoretical foundation for economical decision making on whether to test; how far to test; whether testing is feasible; and, otherwise, whether there is an alternative to defect tolerance with little or no testing. In this work, a new defect tolerance for the circuits and systems under the circumstances where little or no testing is allowed or feasible, is to be investigated. New methodologies for the design for defect tolerance will be presented and theoretically validated.

The research covered in the suggested article is meant for ecological monitoring in the broad sense. The express-method of water solution quality level estimation and the technique of fast response to the quality level of industrial, agricultural and domestic wastewaters along with food products are proposed. The novelty of the proposed technique roots in the implementation of suggested methods and means of electric parameter measurement aimed at the quality index controlling of nonelectric qualimetry objects. Relevant research includes the exploration of water-solutions as well as different-level purification of industrial and domestic spillage waters, colloid solutions (cream, milk with the known contaminants), mixtures of superficially active substances and chlorine-containing substances.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology introduces the opportunity for increased material and product visibility by facilitating easy tracking and identifying of containers and their contents. Throughout the manufacturing or distribution processes, this technology has been utilized by various organizations. In addition to wide use of disposable RFID tags, reusable RFID tags premises desired economic and efficient supply chain management Considering the reusable RFID tags, the price of the tag,related quality level and logistics policies are crucial. In this study, a conceptual framework for economic analysis of RFID reverse logistics via simulation is presented. Proposed methodology is demonstrated through a hypothetical case study.

We developed the flip-chip bonding technology on chip-on-chip (COC) package with ultra-fine pitch bump, which leads advanced high performance devices. On this package, the realization of the metallographic behavior in the micro-bump interconnection is the substantial issue for achieving good bondability and reliability. In this paper, to implement flip-chip BGA package with COC structure (COC-FCBGA), the metal systems of micro-bump and the dimension especially metal plating thickness have been optimized by precise analysis. And it is confirmed that the specification we fixed on this package would meet sufficient quality level for fine pitch bonding. This COC-FCBGA technology will meet demands for high-end system solutions in very near future.

In the last years it's most underlined the permanent monitoring of the influence of different human activities, specially the industrial ones, over the surrounding medium, and also it is underlined the issuing of some methods for prevention or reduction of the negative effects. The environment monitoring consists of a series of activities regarding the supervision, evaluation, prognosis and alerting the organizations interested in the evolution of the environment quality, to be able to intervene in optimum time for the maintenance of the equilibrium in the ecosystem. The occurrence of the informational flow through the monitoring and quality level evaluation system is visible due to the taking over, conservation, probes' analysis and database creation activities. This way this paper presents a monitoring system for security parameters and environment quality in closed mining areas. There are underlined the main measurements necessary for the analysis of the security state of the mining area, the necessary equipment and the monitoring system's architecture, presenting the components, the functions and the informational flows at local and dispatcher level

This paper discusses the use of stuck-at fault coverage as a means of determining quality levels. Data from a part tested with both functional and scan tests is analyzed and compared to three existing theories. It is shown that reasonable predictions of quality level are possible for the functional tests, but that scan tests produce significantly worse quality levels than predicted, Apparent clustering of defects resulted in very good quality levels for fault coverages less than 99%.

The quality of manufactured SMD-boards depends on a lot of factors. There are influences of the used material (printed boards and components) and the quality capabilities of the used processes. To reduce the costs connected with a high quality level (six-sigma-quality) of the produced boards, it is necessary, to detect the most effective factors for increasing quality. The base of this analysis is a statistical model of the whole mounting process. A simulation program was created, to get very quickly results of the expected quality of a concrete combination of process and material properties

Electrocardiograms of poor technical quality present challenges to accurate interpretation. Poor technical quality ECGs may result from muscle tremor, AC power inteference, electrode motion, or baseline shifts. A system which assesses the ECG lead quality is described. An analysis algorithm assessed the ECG for artifact nnd assigned the ECG a lead quality level of green (good), yellow (marginal), or red (poor). A totul of 120,698 physician-confinned ECGs were retrospectively analyzed by the lead quality algorithm and the GE Healthcare 12SL analysis program. The discordance rates (percentage of ECGs in which the rhythm from the 12SL analysis differed from the rhythm of the conjhned ECG) were reported by lead qualiry level. While less than 5% of the ECGs were of marginal or poor lend quality, the discordance rute was found tu markedly increase as the lead quality degraded.