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Distribution grid resiliency enhancement is urgently needed in coastal communities, given the severe power outages induced by natural disasters, such as hurricanes, floods, among others. In this paper, a holistic coastal community resiliency enhancement framework is implemented through multiple networked microgrids (MGs) surrounding marine energy resources (MERs) and energy storage units (ESUs) with minimum capacity requirements. Particularly, the real-time sectionalization scheme of coastal communities is determined online driven by an optimization algorithm to maximize the load restoration during and after severe power outages, and more importantly, to ensure operational continuity in coastal communities, the distributed and resilient control schemes are developed at the MER asset level in coordination with system-level reconfiguration plans to enable autonomous and networked MGs. Further, based on the proposed networked MGs control schemes, system stability is evaluated considering various operation modes. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed framework is validated using a 13-bus coastal community distribution feeder test system.

Economic Model Predictive Control (EMPC) has recently been researched in many areas, especially in terms of energy. The development of advanced control algorithms has promoted the cost reduction of marine energy generation and improved the efficiency and reliability of marine current turbines. By reducing the loss on the marine turbine system, better economic indicators can be achieved. Based on this, the maximum marine power can be captured such that the entire marine current turbine system can obtain maximum economic benefits. In this paper, it is mainly based on the economic model predictive control framework to optimize the ocean current turbine power generation system. The system index is directly used for the objective function of the EMPC problem, as EMPC has the advantage of dealing with system constraints and cost functions. Compare the performance of the proposed control framework with the performance of commonly used basic MPC controllers, simulation results show that the proposed controller can reduce the loss of the turbine system and gearbox, indicating that more energy capture can be obtained for the system to achieve better economic effects.

Large Marine diesel engine is the core equipment of Marine power industry to achieve high quality development, in order to improve the localization of matching rate, implementation technology of autonomous control, the high temperature gas pipeline valve adopts the domestic independent research and development on the way, but the special working condition of the diesel engine make the traditional valve can not be run reliably for a long time. Based on this, combined with the traditional valve failure problem, using innovative design ideas and manufacturing methods, through continuous tests, developed a high quality large diesel engine special high temperature butterfly valve. Taking the high temperature butterfly valve used in a large diesel engine of a certain type of ship as an example, the structure design, strength calculation and manufacturing process of key parts of this high temperature butterfly valve are described.

Recent developments in maritime vessels have seen a continuous drive towards All-electric Ships (AES). DC distribution enables highly efficient integration of primary storage, energy storage and loads in confined spaces. However, ensuring reliable fault protection for such systems is paramount to meeting the stringent reliability and availability requirements of marine power systems. In this regard, solid-state circuit breakers (SSCB) demonstrated to provide fast and reliable fault interruption using well-proven semiconductor technologies. In previous work, RB-IGCTs have been demonstrated to be a promising candidate for SSCBs, providing high efficiency and robustness. In this paper, we present a comprehensive investigation of a complete SSCB design based on RB-IGCT technology for high power, future-ready electric ships. Moreover, experimentally validated robustness of the SSCB technology is also presented. This experimentally validated DC SSCB technology is a strong contender to become backbone of DC power systems in next generation marine and electric ship applications.

In order to solve the problems of sustainable energy supply and environmental pollution, integrated energy system has become the hot spot in the field of energy. Taking electric energy as the core, integrated energy system integrates solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, ocean energy, geothermal energy and other clean and renewable energy at the source end, and realizes the generation combined cooling heating and power at the terminal. However, there exists the information interaction among resource individuals, integrated energy system and external network at different levels of horizontally and vertically. It is necessary to study how to build information model for integrated energy system. Therefore, this paper systematically summarizes the top-level architecture of integrated energy system information model, common schedulable resources in the integrated energy system and their standardized information model, and information interaction mechanism for integrated energy system. Finally, combined with the integrated energy strategy and future development status, the development prospects and typical application forms of integrated energy information modeling technology are discussed.

This paper proposes an algorithm to design ship power systems in the preliminary design phase. As a case study, an embedded control is integrated into the preliminary design of the ship power system, at the level of Energy Management System (EMS). The embedded control developed for the algorithm aims for cost, availability, safety and emissions optimization from the top layer. At the power system level, a few alternatives are considered such as full electric propulsion and fuel-based energy producers. Different Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), Key Exception Indicators (KEIs) and Key Improvement Indicators (KIIs) for design are evaluated for cost optimization purposes. Power plant sizing results of an Offshore Supply Vessel based on batteries or Generating Sets (GENSETs) power contribution are extracted with the proposed pro-clean power plant design algorithm structure. The result of this first simplified simulation not just include a comparative evaluation between 7 different types of batteries for an all electric ship sizing but also a maximum and instantaneous Depth of Discharge (DoD) of the batteries among the OSV load profile register which could be used as a control bandwidth to consider at the EMS level. The presented algorithm structure is a preface for later hybrid systems power plant sizing generalization.

Due to its large reserves, wide distribution and strong regularity, ocean tidal current energy is considered as the most potential and valuable marine energy. Therefore, in order to solve the problems of poor reliability of convective device and low energy capture efficiency of blade in horizontal axis tidal power generator set, a novel variable flap impeller structure is proposed in this paper. In order to improve the reliability of the unit and the energy harvesting efficiency of the impeller, a flap is set at the trailing edge of the blade, and the curvature of the blade is increased through the variable flap structure to enhance the lift of the rotor, so as to increase the power generation of the unit. Through flume experiments, the data of flow velocity, rotor speed and unit power under different variable wing angle are measured, and the influence of variable blade angle on unit power generation efficiency under different flow velocity is studied. The research shows that the variable flap impeller structure can increase the generating efficiency of the unit on the premise of meeting the adaptive two-way flow.

The objective of this research is to improve the performance of marine electric power load forecasting based on PSO-Elman neural network. Considering the stochastic characteristics of marine power load variation, using the arbitrary approximation ability of Elman neural network, transform the prediction problem into a function fitting problem to establish a marine electric load forecasting model, and the Elman neural network learning method is optimized by particle swarm algorithm to avoid falling into local optimum. Simulation results obtained have shown that through the learning of a ship’s electrical load data, the load forecasting model based on PSO-Elman neural network can describe the changes in marine electrical load and improve the prediction accuracy and stability.

One of the most promising renewable energy sources is solar energy. Recently it plays a major role among the other renewables like wind, biomass, tidal, ocean energy etc. throughout the world. Important of photovoltaics (PV) through semiconductor technology spreads everywhere. For correct evaluation and performance analysis of a solar module, a quality modelling is necessary. In this paper single diode solar cell model with mathematical equations is presented. Also, the performance of a mono PERC solar module is studied using the manufacturer datasheet and is compared to it through simulated data. The whole work is established through Matlab simulation and efficiency, fill factor is found from I-V and P-V characteristics varying environmental parameter like temperature and sun irradiance. In the end, conclusions are drawn.

In this paper, an effective control method of using a rack and pinion type power take-off system is discussed, and the performance of the whole system is analyzed. The bidirectional motion of the pinion is converted into unidirectional motion by applying the ratcheting method. This increases the overall efficiency of the system. A wave energy converter containing a buoy and a mechanical motion rectifier (MMR) based rack and pinion mechanism are designed and simulated in MATLAB Simulink environment. This system consists of a buoy that is semi-submerged into the water. The ocean waves exert force on the submerged buoy. The up and down movement of the buoy is then converted into unidirectional rotation by rack and pinion mechanism. Through a gearbox, this rotational motion drives the generator to produce electricity. The control strategy keeps the generator's velocity and waves excitation force in resonance. Time-domain system analysis is applied for solving the equation of motion that describes the relationship between the buoy motion and hydrodynamic forces with regular waves. The simulation results for the regular ocean waves are presented and compared with another state-of-the-art power take-off system.

It is well known that a vast amount of energy is stored in the ocean. Tidal energy is a form of ocean energy which is yet to be exploited in South Africa and it can be considered as an alternative energy resource or renewable energy sources. The implementation of tidal technology can address the electricity crisis in the country and also minimizes the huge reliance on coal for power generation. The study covers the tidal phenomenon, the concept of tidal energy, energy conversion process and electrical energy generation. An overview of the two dominant tidal energy conversion systems; tidal barrage and tidal stream was done. The aim of this paper is to carry out a resource assessment, identify optimum characteristics for establishing a tidal plant and proposed the energy conversion system that is suitable for South Africa. Thus, based on the tidal resource available in the country, a suitable site is identified. The tidal resource, extractable power and the impact of the turbine configuration are evaluated using MATLAB.

In the era of technological advancement, numerous energy sources have been discovered for facilitation of human life on earth across the globe. Major renewable sources for energy are solar, wind, hydro, ocean/tidal, geothermal, and biomass. Ocean energy is a form of hydro energy which is captured by wave or tidal current stream. Marine tidal stream is reflected as a reliable renewable power generation source owing to its predictability present in tidal current. Globally, tidal energy production for the coastal areas, is estimated around 1 terawatts (TW/h/) per annum. On the contrary, availability of useful energy for power generation by tidal resource vary between 120 and 400 GW, dependent on the location and the prospective potential for conversion. Currently, Pakistan is facing power crisis which needs to be catered by utilizing various energy resources. The total energy requirement in Pakistan is about 25000MW approximately. One of the potential renewable sources that can cater energy need is tidal power generation. Pakistan owing to its vast coastline of about 1040 km long have a great potential to invest in tidal energy generation. In the year 1988, the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) executed a study resulting that the coastal belt of Pakistan can have sufficient tidal energy generation at 17 creeks locations at economical rates. Therefore, energy shortfall in Pakistan can be catered via tidal energy. Enabling Pakistan to enter in the pool of green tidal energy generation region globally. In this paper, we will discuss energy sources, recent technology in renewable, tidal energy generation, benefits, and challenges for renewable energy generation using tidal energy. Furthermore, its comparison with other energy generating sources in Pakistan. For instance, coal, hydel, solar, wind, biogas, solid waste and nuclear power generation. Hence energy potential from underwater tidal turbine can be exploited for benefit of Pakistan.

The demand for high-precision positioning is increasing in modern marine applications such as marine engineering, marine transportation, marine energy development, and marine monitoring. The improvement of China’s BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (hereinafter referred to as BDS) with the capability of global coverage service has made it possible to achieve high-precision positioning of the ocean using BDS sea-based augmentation technology. In this paper a high-precision positioning terminal deployed on a BDS-equipped buoy is proposed, with emphasis on the composition, key techniques, functions, and performance indicators involved. Multiple experiments have been conducted on the coastal area of the East China Sea in Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province to test the positioning accuracy of the proposed terminal. The experimental results have demonstrated that the average positioning accuracy based on the BDS sea-based augmentation system can be achieved at centimeter accuracy level, which meets the high-precision positioning requirements of marine users. These results also indicated the promising potential of BDS to provide comprehensive functions and optimal performance.

In order to reduce the world greenhouse gas emissions every year, International Maritime Organization has set up Emission Control Area in the world. Ships sailing to the waters of these areas need to be replaced with cleaner oil with sulfur content no more than 1% and the requirement has been improved to 0.5% in globally since 2020, it is very urgent and necessary to study the replacement of ship new energy in the large emission of ships. This paper focuses on the new energy utilization technology of ships. Firstly, it introduces the necessity and urgency of new alternative fuels. Then, it makes a comparative study and analysis of new alternative fuels for ships, focusing on the technical research from liquefied petroleum gas, LNG, hydrogen, biofuels, and methanol. Finally, it makes a detailed comparative analysis of each energy source and puts forward the realization path. The results of this study are helpful to the utilization and development of new marine energy, and have important role for the greenhouse gas emission reduction of international shipping.

The marine energy reserves available for development in China are huge, and the coastal areas are highly concentrated in China’s power load area, so the research and development of marine energy is of great significance. Aiming at the problem of large fluctuation and poor predictability of offshore wind power generation, a combined power generation system of offshore wind power and tidal current is proposed. This paper analyzes the time and space complementary characteristics of offshore wind power and tidal current energy, designs the integrated power generation platform, establishes the system model based on DC bus network, and determines the evaluation index of the system. Based on the Homer software, the optimal allocation of system capacity is analyzed, which verifies that the economy of wind tide combined power generation system is better.

In order to meet the requirement of ocean energy power generation, a novel linear rotary permanent magnet machine (LRPMM) is proposed with E-type stator structure and interlaced poles. The adjacent interlaced PM poles in the circumferential direction are staggered half pole pitch in the axial direction. The optimization design of LRPMM is analyzed by analytical calculation method and 3-D finite element method (FEM), and the best optimization variable values are achieved. Compared with the results of the traditional topology analyzed by 3-D FEM, the electromagnetic characteristics are increased and the amplitudes of the cogging torque and detent force are reduced. An energy storage system of LRPMM is built, which can improve the effective utilization of wave energy and tidal energy.

The underwater microgrid is becoming an emerging application for the ocean energy, which integrates ocean current energy converter systems, underwater loads, and the onshore main utility. The multi-layer hierarchical control is employed to maintain the underwater microgrid stability. Under this control architecture, the wireless communication networks between the centralized controller and the local controllers require a detailed evaluation in the underwater environment. This paper evaluates the most conventional wireless communication network technologies for data transmission in the underwater microgrid. First, the different communication modulation technologies and antenna configurations are reviewed and compared in the aspects of the error rate, latency, and capacity. Then, their performances on the frequency restoration by secondary control in the underwater microgrid are evaluated in simulations. The analytical results are dedicated to providing the future research with the innovative insights and the design guidelines.

Hybrid wind-wave farms are emerging as a solution to make the wave energy cost competitive and the wind energy more dispatchable. Harnessing the combined wind-wave energy resources involves an appropriate understanding of the site and the conversion technology. In this paper, a case study is used to demonstrate an integrated approach for the resource estimation in the ocean and the selection of energy conversion technology at the intended site for a hybrid wind-wave farm. The assessment and characterization of the wind and the wave resources are carried out in terms of the wave power flux, the wind power density, the wave mean directionality and the other related parameters. The wave energy conversion technology requires a more detailed investigation as compared with that of the wind technology because of its variability in terms of the size and the operating principle for each technology. The power performance comparison is made for six commercial wind turbines with different rated power. Six pre-commercial wave energy conversion technologies are evaluated for their power performance and the hydrodynamic performance in terms of capture width ratio. An 80 MW hybrid wind-wave farm with 50% mix of each resource is proposed to better demonstrate the integrated approach for the intended coastal site in the Illawarra region of Australia.

This paper proposes a novel multiport magnetic bus (MMB) based hybrid wind-wave ocean energy generation technology. The wave energy converters (WECs) generate voltages with varying amplitudes and frequencies, which produce significant dc-link voltage ripples at the outputs of the ac/dc rectifiers. A new control technique is proposed to strictly regulate the output voltage and current waveforms of the MMB that integrates multiple WECs. With the proposed MMB-based technology and control technique, the high voltage ripples can be mitigated without the need of utilizing high value capacitors or supercapacitors. For the modeling of the WEC, an Archimedes wave swing-based conversion method is adopted. To extract the maximum power from the waves, a damping controller is designed. The MMB contains multiple active bridges, which are operated as dc-dc converters and provide an isolation between the WEC and the wind energy converters. For the wind energy generation system, a doubly fed induction generator-based technology is considered. Simulation results validate the superior performance of the proposed ocean energy technology in terms of both ripple reduction and stable performance under the uncertain nature of the wave and wind in the ocean.

The National Marine Energy Test Site of China is located in the Yellow Sea, north of Chudao Island and about 2 km away from Shandong Province. It is mainly aimed at the deployment and testing of small-scale prototypes of wave energy and tidal current energy converters. In this study, wave energy and tidal current energy resources around the test field were evaluated using ocean models. A spectral wind-wave model and a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model were used to simulate the wave energy and tidal current energy, respectively. The simulation results were validated using the observations, and showed good agreement with the observed wave, surface elevation and tidal current. Further, wave characteristic and wave energy resources were analyzed and the results showed that the spatial distribution of wave field was nearly coincident with an isobath, and gradually decreased from the outer sea to the coastal zones. The 10-year averaged significant wave height in the sea was about 0.6-0.8 m, and wave energy density was 2.0-2.8 kW/m. For the latter, we observed a significant difference with the seasons, the energy density being stronger in winter up to 6.5 kW/m, and weaker in summer with no more than 1.0 kW/m. Evaluation of tidal current energy resources showed a micro-tidal zone, and relatively weak tidal current energy. Tidal current energy density of the test field closed to the island was relatively stronger than that observed in the north, with the maximum tidal energy density of about 125–200 W/m2, which could only be used to test small-scale tidal energy converters.

Marine renewable energy (i.e., wave, tidal or ocean current, thermal gradient, and salinity gradient) or MRE can revolutionize ocean observing capabilities. Five use cases representing a range of ocean observing platforms were developed based on end-user feedback. Drawing from these use cases, common needs or functional requirements were developed to help guide the integration of MRE power delivery for ocean observation structures and functions. The functional requirements were determined from descriptions of the use cases, specifications of hardware that are used or closely associated with existing ocean observation platforms, and direct feedback from ocean observation sensor/platform developers and users. Twenty types of functional requirements were identified, including those associated with power and energy use; physical system requirements; temperature and depth; electrical, acoustic, and motion interference; and reliability. Each set of functional requirements is illustrated as features of the use cases. By defining functional requirements for MRE technology integration in ocean observing platforms, and focusing on end-user requirements, barriers to developing MRE-driven ocean observation missions can be reduced.

Tidal energy is one of the important form of marine Energy. The tidal energy is extracted from naturally occurring phenomena of rise and fall of the ocean's water level. When the angle made by sun, and moon with respect to earth is zero degree the highest and lowest tides produced due to adding up of pulling forces, called spring tides. When the angle made by moon and sun with respect to earth is 90 degree, the tides produced are not as high or low as at other times of the month, called neap tides. Tidal energy is one of the most predictable and promising form of ocean energy due to its non-polluting, clean, reliable, and non-depleting nature. Number of techniques like Tidal barrages, tidal stream turbines to harness tidal energy are under development. Thus, they provide the best opportunity to harness energy from the oceans. In this paper, the Indian tides location and some tide location all over the world, tidal power plants all over the world are discussed.

This paper presents the analysis of a hydraulic transmission model used in various types of wave energy conversion systems. In this case, a multi-point absorber wave energy converter is used because its structure is simple and efficient. This design offers some advantages such as greater energy harvesting and stabilization of the output power. In this way, the union of the hydraulic system and electric generator in detail is presented. The objective of the proposed approach has been to maintain the speed in the electric generator and reduce the effect of wave energy fluctuation on the output power. At the same time, an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control algorithm is incorporated. Its purpose is to obtain maximum efficiency of the proposed system. In addition, the system uses an HVDC line and high-power DC/DC converters to connect to the power grid. The different modules are connected in parallel on the side of the buoy-farm and in series on the HVDC transmission line to achieve high power and high voltage. The developed model also incorporates a decentralized hybrid energy storage system (dHESS) based on ultracapacitors. In many cases, ESS is necessary for the grid integration of marine energy due to flicker restrictions in the devices, which allows us to attenuate the oscillations of energy injected into the HVDC line. The WEC system and the dHESS model have been simulated in Matlab-Simulink. In this way, different simulations have been developed to verify the basic characteristics of the proposed system. The results of the simulated model and the conclusions obtained are also presented in this document.

As an indispensable part of underwater intelligent operations, underwater unmanned system is an important research direction for consolidating China’s ocean security, national defense security, and helping the country’s great strategy of “ marine power “. Its environmental awareness and cognitive capabilities will become an understanding Fundamental and key issues of the ocean and the economic ocean. Existing systems have great deficiencies in underwater perception and detection capabilities, and they cannot all meet the requirements of operations in complex underwater changing environments. This article conducts technical research on the generation of underwater high-definition panoramic 3D data. Therefore, the distributed sonar and binocular vision hybrid system is used as the perception source, and the efficient data access strategy is adopted to update the weight of the corresponding voxel. The integrated low noise high dynamic range chip is used as the imaging terminal, and the underwater optical communication is used to complete many High-precision stereo vision measurement of scenes with point coordination and the generation of refined panoramic 3D data.

The electric load demand on marine vessels is constantly changing during some operational modes, such as in harsh weather or complex operations. Therefore, diesel engines are typically used to handle these variations. Gas engines reduce the CO2 due to lower carbon content in LNG compared with diesel oil. However, they may not be able to handle the load variations of a marine power plant. There are multiple other energy sources with strict rate constraints, such as slow speed diesel engines and fuel cells. In such cases, a battery may be used to take care of the variations, while the generator set produces a slowly varying power. In this paper, a common power flow controller for the battery and the generator set is proposed. It utilizes the rotating inertia in the generator set as energy storage, in addition to a battery. This is done by allowing a small excursion in the speed of the generator set; the speed change will change the kinetic energy of the generator set and this is used analogously to energy storage. The controller is compared with a baseline controller based on virtual inertia and speed droop. A simulation study is included to demonstrate the performance of the control methods. The simulation study shows that the gas engine (with strict constraints) is not able to handle the given load series. Nonetheless, it can be used in combination with a battery to handle the variations. The power plant can handle a measured load series from an offshore vessel when either speed-droop control or model predictive control is used. However, the study indicates that by using MPC, the aging of the batteries and fuel rate variations can be reduced. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. For more information, see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

The research performed is focused on the impact of solar generation sites on the existing power grid. The area of focus for the study is the customers served by Tideland EMC in Beaufort County, NC. Beaufort County North Carolina has a population of 47,079 people with a household size averaging 2.5 people per household [1]. With the average household consuming 1072kWh a month, this means Beaufort county consumes around 17.1 GWh per month [2]. Tideland EMC is the Cooperative that provides electric energy in this area, and several other nearby counties: Washington, Dare, Hyde, Pamlico, Craven, Ocracoke island [3].

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions becomes a top priority in the world with the emergence of global warming and environmental problems. Various renewable energies appear during the last decades. Ocean captures and stores huge amounts of energy, which could satisfy five times of world energy demand. Due to technology limitations and economic considerations, marine current energy appears the most attractive choice compared with the other ocean energy form. Although the existing expertise and technology in offshore wind energy conversion system can be partially transferred to marine current energy conversion system due to the similar structure, there are still many technological challenges to overcome. Meanwhile, the system operates under the water will inevitably have some negative or positive impacts on the surrounding environment. In this paper, it shows the interest and the principle of the marine current energy, and also discusses the advantages and disadvantages. The environmental impacts around the devices, the technological challenges, and the essential support structures are presented as well. The state-of-the-art horizontal axis turbines and their relative technologies and the latest projects are described finally. This review paper gives the useful information about the attraction and challenge of the marine current energy, and the newest development of the technologies and projects.

In India, the navigational buoy is a standalone system to guide the ship in the navigational channel of the port. Conventional navigational buoy is usually powered by solar energy and the continuous operation of the buoy may be affected during prolonged rainy weather and cloud cover. The indigenously developed wave powered navigational buoy produces electrical power from ocean wave and the same is utilised to electric power up in situ components as marker lamp, oceanographic sensors and its data logger along with a wireless communication system.Based on the results of experimental studies conducted and results obtained during open sea trials, this paper elaborately describes about power take-off system and power assessment of power module which includes sizing of battery, integrated sensor and power circuit, power mangement etc., In this paper elaborated about energy generated during open sea trials in the year 2019 (June-Novemebr). This buoy generated electricity which is self sutatined for power requirement of the buoy.This standalone wave powered navigational buoy is successfully demonstrated for longer periods at all weather conditions in Kamarajar Port limited, chennai. It may be useful product for ports and harbours in India as a stand alonewave power device.

With the concept of "everything can be interconnected", the Internet of Things technology has entered all areas of people's life and work. Monitoring of marine energy generation has always been a more difficult problem for people. Compared with the traditional monitoring methods, The particularity of the equipment working environment, this paper proposes a universal ocean energy monitoring system that uses NBIOT technology with LWM2M protocol to connect to the open IoT platform ONENET, and transmits the power and flow rate data collected at the front end to the ONENET cloud platform. An application interface corresponding to the data flow is established on the ONENET cloud platform. The PC and mobile phone are used to monitor the ocean energy power generation data through the platform application interface, and the platform issues an alarm signal when the data is abnormal. All the collected power data and alarm signals can be historically queried on the ONENET platform, and all data can be exported through the platform for staff to study.

The development of marine integrated power systems has enabled all-electric ship, with electric propulsion systems to be powered from diesel-generators. In addition, vessels with DC hybrid power sources such as fuel cell, super-capacitor, and battery have been emerging in recent decades. Despite several studies related to hybrid-electric vessels, the integration of hybrid power systems and its application for the marine industry still requires additional research tasks since marine power concepts have unique features, which are different from well-known hybrid vehicle concepts in respect of the number of generators & size, system response, and load profile characteristic. Especially, efficient power management in terms of load sharing among different hybrid power sources is one of the critical issues in the marine hybrid system. In this paper, the load frequency-based approach is proposed for power management and load sharing in DC hybrid electric ships. The main idea is that each power source has distinctiveness with respect to response time. By the application of several low-pass filters, an acceptable range of load frequency for each power source can be classified and distributed to each power controller. The integrated modeling & simulation of the DC hybrid powered vessel is developed to verify the proposed method. The simulation test is implemented as a feasibility study of the proposed load-sharing model for marine applications. As a result, the load frequency-based power management provides an effective load distribution scheme in terms of charging/discharging intervention of hybrid systems, and it is able to protect the generator from the sudden load variation which leads to tears & wears in mechanical systems as well as poor quality of power in electrical systems. © 2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.

This article is dedicated to the study of an innovative architecture for the conversion of renewable marine energy into electrical energy. It consists of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) combined with a three-phase Vienna rectifier. This last converter is not reversible but has the advantage of minimizing the number of active switches. This improves the operational reliability of the chain, which is necessary in the context of marine energy exploitation where access to the installations is not easy. The study focuses on the behavior analysis of electrical chain conversion, and the study of phase and neutral current according to the conduction’s states of the switches of the Vienna rectifier is being investigated. Despite the high non-linearity of this architecture, this control is made possible through to the dynamic performance and control of the maximum switching frequency of the self-oscillating controller called the Phase-Shift Self-Oscillating Current Controller (PSSOCC).

Renewable energies are growing fastly worldwide, especially solar and wind generation. However, the diversification of power sources is key to have more stable and resilient power systems. Marine energy has one of the highest potentials and most of the world population is near the sea. Wave energy is one of the most promising forms of marine energy, which is achieving commercial viability with bigger projects and more mature designs. However, the environment hostility and difficult access are still one of the main limitations of this technology. This paper presents the state-of-the-art of wave energy conversion (WEC), the power to take off (PTO) devices, and the specific challenges of the converters and generator drives. Finally, a field oriented control (FOC) with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is proposed for a linear permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The simulation results show the proper control and the specific characteristics of these types of generation.

DC distribution electric propulsion is the trend of ship power development in the future. The problem of selective relay protection for bus-connected equipment has not been properly solved, which directly threatens the safety of navigation. Therefore, on the basis of analyzing the short-circuit fault principle of marine DC distribution system and the simulation and experimental verification, a relay protection scheme using solid-state circuit breaker instead of the bus-tie fast fuse is proposed. The scheme uses high-speed interruption to isolate the impact of fault on bus voltage on the normal side to ensure the continuity of power supply and navigation safety. Finally, the realization method of selective relay protection for DC distribution system and the strategy of power supply recovery after fault are put forward, which meet the requirements of marine power engineering application.

This paper presents an analysis of energy savings in typical university campus buildings due to Daylight Saving Time (DST) in Mexico. The electricity demand load profiles are analyzed in five facilities of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) central campus. Each facility presents different demand characteristics according to its usage. Demand data have been obtained through electrical measurements using Survalent ONE SCADA system®. The last week winter period demand profile compared to the first week summer period demand profile are shown and analyzed. Results have shown DST effects on energy consumption in university facilities. With these results, it is also possible to develop decision-making programs to drive energy efficient plans in university campus. In addition, this information can be used to promote efficient and clean energy micro grids. Including ocean energy generation for isolated communities.

Special underwater robots play an important role in military strategy and marine energy exploitation. Aiming at the complex underwater environment and the influence of uncertain factors, the research on path tracking technology of special underwater robots have great difficulties and challenges. The traditional active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) method is particularly suitable for the uncertain state. But the parameters of the ADRC are not well optimized, it is difficult to obtain the ideal tracking control effect when it performs path tracking. This paper focuses on the optimization characteristics of the enhanced fireworks algorithm (EFWA) and applies it to the control parameter optimization of ADRC. Taking the special underwater robot fish as the research object, the error model of path tracking is established, and its parameters of the traditional ADRC controller are optimized by the enhanced fireworks algorithm in this paper. So, its forward and steer controller of robot fish is controlled in this paper. The results of simulation show that special underwater robots based on the novel EFWA-ADRC has strong robustness and high path tracking accuracy in the path tracking process.

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and Linear motor (LM) are important parts of ocean power generation. This paper describes the general situation of magnetohydrodynamic ocean power generation in modern new energy sources, and the application fields of magnetohydrodynamic ocean power generation in marine new energy sources. This concept can be basically understood by comprehensive reading of the literature. We summarized and summarized the related problems of MHD ocean energy generation.

As the energy sector experiences a paradigm shift towards cleaner and greener generation sources, the need for evaluating the applicability of marine energy for grid-based applications has intensified. This is because marine energy (ocean, wave and tidal) may be utilized to provide unique benefits to electric grid operations, especially in conjunction with other established renewable technologies (such as wind and solar) or technologies like energy storage. In this work, we focus our attention on some specific characteristics of one type of marine energy resources i.e. tidal based resources. Specifically, we perform a comprehensive temporal analysis using a suite of metrics on resource data to characterize the inherent predictability of the resource across various time scales of interest. We also investigate the correlation of tidal power generation profiles with energy demand and comment on the effectiveness of having such resources in the overall generation portfolio.

Energy store batteries play very important roles in the marine energy power station. Monitoring batteries’ state for PHM study is necessary. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is commonly used in battery state monitor. It can acquire detailed health features of batteries. This paper purposes a Fast-EIS measuring method, including the hardware design and frequency-mixing measuring algorithm based on the Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT). It can measure the EIS with a frequency range from 0.01Hz to 10kHz, and reduce 2/3 of the measuring time compared to the commercial electrochemical workstation, with enough accuracy. This method is suitable for implementation and engineering applications.

The current economic, political, and social trends in Cuba indicate that energy sector will change in the future. The energy consumption will increase and Cuba, like most island nations, lacks a large energy resource base and satisfies most of its energy needs with imported fossil fuels. The aim of this work is a summary of renewable energy sources (solar, wind, bioenergy and marine) presented in the island and the development in the next society of the future.

In order to study the aging laws and mechanism of Li-ion batteries under accelerated aging power profile, a cyclic aging experiment is designed to obtain the health characteristics of the battery, such as the capacity and resistance. The EIS and ICA methods are also used to analyze the reasons of aging. Aging around higher SOC will cause more obvious capacity fade. The results may further help to improve the reliability and safety of the energy storage system in marine energy power station.

With the increasing demand for energy resource, the development of marine energy harvesting technology has attracted widespread attention. Herein, a spherical electret wave power generator is designed and constructed for ocean wave energy harvesting. Based on electrostatic induction from electret material, the generator converts wave energy into electric energy through the bias voltage of the folded electret power generation unit. With ultra-low excitation frequency at 2Hz, the peak-to-peak output voltage and output power can be reached up to around 300 V and 20 mW, respectively. Compared with other traditional wave energy generators, the utilization of space in the sphere is improved by the folded structure, which also has the advantages in terms of simple structure, high-energy conversion efficiency, light weight and small size. The generator is also capable of collecting low-frequency vibration energy in random directions, as well as realizing large-scale power supply after deploying an array of structures.