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In recent years, smart mobile devices and mobile technology continue to spread, with the continuous improvement of our country's economic level, the electric power industry is facing great development prospects, and there are all kinds of problems, which have caused serious constraints to the long-term development of electric power enterprises. Therefore, starting with the current situation of the operation of the field operation in the power grid enterprises, the technology is comprehensive. Research and analysis should be a universal practical work. Especially in recent years, with the continuous progress of information technology in China, some information platforms have been introduced to the power grid enterprises. We hope to guide the work environment through these platforms to guide the work environment, so that the efficiency of the power grid can be improved and the electric power enterprises have their own long-term development. This paper, starting with the type of field operation business of power grid enterprises, briefly introduces the business requirements, and then carries out a comprehensive analysis and practice on the information platform, hoping to provide a valuable reference for the related units.

The role of new urbanization in the process of social development of China is increasingly important and it is an inevitable requirement of the Third Plenum of 18th CPC Central Committee. In this paper, we try to study empirically the coordinative development between the quality and scale in the process of urbanization, and at the micro level to research the quality and scale of urbanization in time series for latest nine years. This paper establishes an evaluation index system, including seven aspects: economic development, social development, ecological development, urban- rural integration, land size, population size and economies of scale. This paper adopts two methods, improved entropy and quadrant diagram classification, to specify analysis and exploration. The results show that the quality and scale of urbanization of Hebei province increase gradually, the gap among cities is shrinking, and the coordination between the quality and scale of urbanization is improving as well. Quality ahead, however, results in the relative lack of scale phenomenon that is worthy attention. In addition, whatever the urbanization process or the coordination between quality and scale of urbanization, there are obviously spatial differences.

A new version the water deficit index (WDI) is proposed for measuring the dryness of land surface based on the simplification of the assumption of trapezoidal relationship between surface temperature (T s ) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) using MODIS data. The estimation of WDI is employed to monitor the severe drought in 2009–2010 in Guizhou province in south-western China. The results show that WDI could be a good indicator for dryness monitoring. It is also found that the correlation between WDI and meteorological drought index SPI is generally poor, which implies that droughts indicated by WDI differ from meteorological droughts that indicated by SPI.

To develop the lightning physics and the new lightning protection theory and technology, inversion of thunderstorm charged model is should been done based on E-field data at the ground level, which is a practical way to study the thunderstorm charged structure. Traditional inversion methods always fail, for actual thunderstorm charged structure is extraordinarily complex and objective functions are strongly non-linear. To solve this problem, An Ensemble-Based Variational (EBVar) Inversion Scheme is presented. The inversion solution is obtained as a model state that maximizes the posterior probability distribution, via an unconstrained minimization of an arbitrary nonlinear cost function. This creates an important link between the control theory and Monte Carlo data inversion method. The use of linearized models, or adjoints, required for variational methods, is completely avoided.

A new ensemble-based three-dimensional variational data assimilation method (E-B3DVar) is presented. The analysis solution is obtained by minimization of a cost function that depends on a general nonlinear observation operator. The E-B3DVar belongs to the class of deterministic ensemble filters, since no perturbed observations are employed. As in variational and ensemble data assimilation methods, the cost function is derived using a Gaussian probability density function framework. Like other ensemble data assimilation algorithms, the E-B3DVar produces an estimate of the analysis uncertainty (e.g., analysis error covariance). In addition to the common use of ensembles in calculation of the forecast error covariance, the ensembles in E-B3DVar are exploited to efficiently calculate the gradient of the cost function. The E-B3DVar method is well suited for use with highly nonlinear observation operators, for a small additional computational cost of minimization. The consistent treatment of nonlinear observation operators through optimization is an advantage of the E-B3DVar over other ensemble data assimilation algorithms. The method is directly applicable to most complex forecast models and observation operators. In this paper, the E-B3DVar method is applied to data assimilation indicates potential wider applications of this new E-B3DVar method.

The diffraction and reflection of x-rays by crystalline structures is important in diagnosing the properties of hot, dense, strongly emitting plasmas such as those that are generated by intense laser light. The rocking curve and reflection efficiency of a SiO 2 crystal has been measured for four different x-ray energies, E = 15.690, 16.521, 17.374, and 22.1629 keV corresponding to the Kα lines of Zr, Nb, Mo and Ag, respectively. The crystal is Quartz with Miller indices of [2354]. It is used for x-ray imaging and has a spherically curved surface with a focal length of 25 cm. The x-rays, which were provided by the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory, were collimated and polarized in the horizontal plane with an energy bandwidth ΔE/E ∼ 10−4. The x-ray flux was measured using an ion chamber. The crystal was mounted in a goniometer and swept in the vertical through an angle of 4° in 0.025° steps centered on the expected reflection direction. The reflected x-rays were detected using imaging plates. The rocking curves and reflectivity data will be presented.

The effect of the buffer zone size (BZS) in regional climate model (RegCM3) on the track simulation of tropical cyclone (TC) of Winnie (1997) is investigated. The results show that there is an inevitable simulation error in the track of Winnie, and the narrower buffer zone size will make a great error. However, it was demonstrated that a much broader BZS does not allow a better track simulation of Winnie, and the optimal BZS does not reduce the track error substantially.

In this study, two soil wetness products- Surface Soil Moisture (SSM) and Soil Water Index (SWI), derived from ERS (European Remote Sensing) scatterometer data are validated based on the in situ measurements in north and east China. Results indicate that the soil wetness climatology in the ERS products is similar distributed with the observations, showing wet status in the northeast and southeast, while dry status in the northwest of the concerned domain. Moreover, the SSM and SWI have the ability to represent the principal characteristics of the spatial distributions for the soil moisture anomalies during transitional seasons. Regions of high variability for the soil moisture include northeast China, the middle-lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yellow-Huaihe River Basin in April; while a band of high variability is found along the semi-arid regions in October.

Photoluminescence emission power and lifetime temperature dependence for an oxygen sensitive ruthenium complex is investigated in sparged water and gas surroundings. From near freezing to 40degC studies show a negative linear response to temperature.

The saturation intensity and photobleaching lifetime of tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium(II) chloride (Ru(dpp)3) are measured and applied to the design of oxygen sensitive optodes for enzymatic biosensors. Photobleaching limits the excitation intensity in practical sensor systems.

We have recently proposed a new X-ray imaging method, called multiple-image radiography (MIR), which simultaneously produces images of absorption, refraction, and ultra-small-angle scatter, while rejecting higher-angle scatter. This paper presents a theoretical model of the relevant X-ray propagation mechanisms, thereby explaining why MIR works. Specifically, beam propagation is computed through a stratified scattering medium in an ultra-small-angle regime. This analysis demonstrates that the MIR images are linear with object thickness, which is a requirement for computed tomography by standard reconstruction methods.

We have recently proposed and investigated a planar imaging method called multiple-image radiography (MIR) that concurrently produces three two-dimensional images that reveal information about the ultra-small-angle scattering and refractive index properties of the object, in addition to an almost scatter-free radiographic image that depicts the projected absorption properties of the object. In this work, we develop and implement experimentally a computed tomography (CT) version of MIR, referred to as multiple-image CT (MICT), that produces three volumetric images of these object properties. The appropriateness of a linear imaging model is validated experimentally by use of phantom studies. The MICT method is employed for reconstruction of images of two biological phantoms using measurement data produced by a synchrotron light source.

More and more large farms adopt precision agriculture technology in China. On the base of requirement investigation, the paper designed and developed farm vehicle monitoring and intelligent dispatching system (FVMIDS) for a large farm, which owns 13,000 hm/sup 2/ of land and has the most advanced agricultural mechanism in the world. The principle, technology and method of GPS, GIS, GSM and operational research were used for system design and development. The system could meet the following requirements: vehicle dispatching, vehicle inducing, vehicle monitoring, farming operation analyzing & statistics, means of production dispatching, and so on. The model of vehicle dispatching based on "transportation problem" was emphasized in the paper. Test run shows that the system can meet all the requirements of the farm and decrease vehicle-dispatching cost largely.

Conventional radiography seeks to produce, at each location in the image plane, a measure of the X-ray absorption of the object. In this paper, we present a method of determining a much more complete object description at each point, namely the intensity distribution (as a function of angle) of the emerging X-ray beam. From this distribution one can compute many different images, depicting the refraction, absorption, and scattering characteristics of the object. The method is based on acquisition of multiple X-ray images using monochromator and analyzer crystals, followed by a deconvolution operation (over angle) at each pixel. Parameters of the deconvolved angular intensity function are measured to obtain the various images of interest. We present experimental results obtained using X-rays produced by a synchrotron, along with simulated images showing the effect of noise in a hypothetical photon-limited imaging situation.

Computed tomography (CT) with monochromatic X-ray beams was used to image phantoms and a live rabbit using the preclinical multiple energy computed tomography (MECT) system at the National Synchrotron Light Source. MECT has a horizontal fan beam with a subject apparatus rotating about a vertical axis. Images were obtained at 43 keV for single-energy studies, and at energies immediately below and above the 33.17 keV iodine K-edge for dual-energy subtraction CT. Two CdWO/sub 4/-photodiode array detectors were used. The high-resolution detector (0.5 mm pitch, uncollimated) provided 14 line pair/cm in-plane spatial resolution, with lower image noise than conventional CT. Images with the low-resolution detector (1.844-mm pitch, collimated to 0.922 mm detector elements) had a sensitivity for iodine of /spl ap/60 /spl mu/g/cc in 11-mm channels inside a 135 mm-diameter acrylic cylindrical phantom for a slice height of 2.5 mm and a surface dose of /spl ap/4 cGy. The image noise was /spl ap/1 Hounsfield Unit (HU); it was /spl ap/3 HU for the same phantom imaged with conventional CT at approximately the same dose, slice height, and spatial resolution (/spl ap/7 1p/cm). These results show the potential advantage of MECT, despite present technical limitations.