Search

In this article, a data-based compact Volterra model is constructed to carry out the silicon prediction task. The main motivations are to, on the one hand, make better use of the strong memory ability of the Volterra series, which is suitable for reflecting the large inertia of the blast furnace process, on the other hand, overcome the difficulty that high complexity of the original Volterra models may result in serious overfitting. Six kinds of models, including single-input and two-input linear, second-order and third-order compact Volterra models, are successively designed and verified through a real blast furnace case. The reasonable agreement between the predicted values and the observed values indicates the compact Volterra model, especially the single-input third-order Volterra model, are powerful and competitive for describing the complex blast furnace system. The experimental results can serve as a guide for the blast furnace operators to judge the in-furnace thermal state change in time and further provide an indication on how to control the blast furnace in advance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-perovskite tandem solar cells have great potential to realize the efficiency beyond the Shockley–Queisser efficiency limitation of single junction solar cells. Here we investigate the photon redistribution effect induced by introduction of the optical coupling layer in two terminal (2 T) tandem solar cells. In this work, it is shown that the introduction of the optical coupling layer could not only reduce the reflection loss, but also would affect the redistribution of the absorbed photons in the tandem device due to the optical interference effect, which will disturb the previous balance and complicate the optical modulation. This photon redistribution phenomenon is systemically investigated by combining the optical and electrical aspects. By considering the coupling effect beyond the antireflection function after introducing the optical coupling layer, the new current match could be achieved, which would obviously improve the device performance further. Various materials such as LiF, MgF2, Al2O3, ZnO have been adopted as the optical coupling layer and it is demonstrated that this phenomenon is universal for all the cases. The improvement brought by photon redistribution effect may be even more obvious than antireflection function. Through analyzing the inner optical mechanism and modulating the structure, a higher performance can be achieved by carefully considering the optical coupling effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]