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Given a language query, temporal grounding task is to localize temporal boundaries of the described event in an untrimmed video. There is a long-standing challenge that multiple moments may be associated with one same video-query pair, termed label uncertainty. However, existing methods struggle to localize diverse moments due to the lack of multi-label annotations. In this paper, we propose a novel Diverse Temporal Grounding framework (DTG) to achieve diverse moment localization with only single-label annotations. By delving into the label uncertainty, we find the diverse moments retrieved tend to involve similar actions/objects, driving us to perceive these interest moments. Specifically, we construct soft multi-label through semantic similarity of multiple video-query pairs. These soft labels reveal whether multiple moments in the intra-videos contain similar verbs/nouns, thereby guiding interest moment generation. Meanwhile, we put forward a diverse moment regression network (DMRNet) to achieve multiple predictions in a single pass, where plausible moments are dynamically picked out from the interest moments for joint optimization. Moreover, we introduce new metrics that better reveal multi-output performance. Extensive experiments conducted on Charades-STA and ActivityNet Captions show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of both standard and new metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite pedestrian detectors having made significant progress by introducing convolutional neural networks, their performance still suffers degradation, especially in occlusion scenes with more false positives (FPs) and false negatives (FNs). To alleviate the problem, we propose a novel Sequential Attention-based Distinct Part Modeling (SA-DPM) for balanced pedestrian detection. It takes one step further in constructing more robust representation that supports detection with fewer FNs and FPs. Specifically, the Sequential Attention serves as one internal perception process that captures several distinct part areas step by step from each pedestrian proposal (full-body). Different from the previous either-or feature selection, the following Joint Learning attempts to seek a reasonable trade-off between part and full-body features, and combines both features for more accurate classification and regression. Evaluation on the widely used pedestrian datasets including Caltech and Citypersons shows that the proposed SA-DPM achieves promising performance for both non-occluded and occluded pedestrian detection tasks, especially on Caltech Heavy Occlusion set, which yields a new state-of-the-art miss rate by 30.18% and outperforms the second best detector by 6.32%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual relationship detection, as a challenging task used to find and distinguish interactions between object-pairs in one image, has received much attention recently. In this work, we devise a unified visual relationship detection framework with two types of correlation exploitation to address the combination explosion problem in the object-pairs proposing stage and the non-exclusive label problem in the predicate recognition stage. In the object-pairs proposing stage, with the exploitation of relative location correlation between two objects in one pair, one location-embedded rating module (LRM) is developed to effectively select plausible proposals. In the predicate recognition stage, one label-correlation graph module (LGM) is introduced to measure the implicit semantic correlation among predicates; and then assign discrete distributed labels to predicates to improve the precision of top-n recall. Experiments on the two widely used VRD and VG datasets show that our proposed method outperforms current state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scale variation of pedestrians in a crowd image presents a significant challenge for vision-based people counting systems. Such variations are mainly caused by perspective-related distortions due to the camera pose relative to the ground plane. Following the density-based counting paradigm, we postulate that generating density values adaptive to object scales plays a critical role in the accuracy of the final counting results. Motivated by this, we distill the underlying information from depth cues to obtain scale-aware representations that can respond to object scales considering the fact that the scale is inversely proportional to the object depth. Specifically, we propose a depth embedding module as add-ons into existing networks. This module exploits essential depth cues to spatially re-calibrate the magnitude of the original features. In this way, the objects, although in the same class, will attain distinct representations according to their scales, which directly benefits the estimation of scale-aware density values. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of the effects of the depth embedding module and validate that exploiting depth cues to perceive object scale variations in convolutional neural networks improves crowd counting performances. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on four popular benchmark datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Constructing a framework to evaluate consciousness is an important issue in neuroscience research and clinical practice. However, there is still no systematic framework for quantifying altered consciousness along the dimensions of both level and content. This study builds a framework to differentiate the following states: coma, general anesthesia, minimally conscious state (MCS), and normal wakefulness. Methods: This study analyzed electroencephalography (EEG) recorded from frontal channels in patients with disorders of consciousness (either coma or MCS), patients under general anesthesia, and healthy participants in normal waking consciousness (NWC). Four non-linear methods—permutation entropy (PE), sample entropy (SampEn), permutation Lempel-Ziv complexity (PLZC), and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA)—as well as relative power (RP), extracted features from the EEG recordings. A genetic algorithm-based support vector machine (GA-SVM) classified the states of consciousness based on the extracted features. A multivariable linear regression model then built EEG indices for level and content of consciousness. Results: The PE differentiated all four states of consciousness (p<0.001). Altered contents of consciousness for NWC, MCS, coma, and general anesthesia were best differentiated by the SampEn, and PLZC. In contrast, the levels of consciousness for these four states were best differentiated by RP of Gamma and PE. A multi-dimensional index, combined with the GA-SVM, showed that the integration of PE, PLZC, SampEn, and DFA had the highest classification accuracy (92.3%). The GA-SVM was better than random forest and neural networks at differentiating these four states. The ‘coordinate value’ in the dimensions of level and content were constructed by the multivariable linear regression model and the non-linear measures PE, PLZC, SampEn, and DFA. Conclusions: Multi-dimensional measurements, especially the PE, SampEn, PLZC, and DFA, when combined with GA-SVM, are promising methods for constructing a framework to quantify consciousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]