Search

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) enables the next generation mobile communication systems to achieve extremely high data rate with better connectivity and higher spectral efficiency. In downlink NOMA, multiple user-equipments (UEs) are grouped in a single cluster so that a single composite power signal can be transmitted from the evolved nodeB (eNB) for all UEs belong to that cluster. Each UE in the cluster then retrieves its own signal from the composite power signal while implementing successive interference cancellation (SIC). However, in NOMA uplink transmission, each UE is unaware about the transmission of other UEs in the cell. Hence each UE is considered as a unique individual entity in uplink and therefore transmits power independently. Therefore in uplink, multiple UEs cannot be grouped into a single cluster so as to transmit a single composite power signal to the eNB. In order to achieve spectral efficiency in uplink NOMA, in this paper we exploit the concept of Heterogeneous network (HetNet) model and propose a two-step power allocation scheme. UEs belong to a specific geographical area are grouped in a small cell alike cluster and a cluster-eNB (ceNB) is defined for each cluster. UEs inside the cluster transmits individually and independently to the ceNB during the first step and afterwards the ceNB multiplex multiple UEs in a single superimposed composite power signal while allocating distinct power levels to different users in the second step. Finally, the ceNB then transmits the superimposed composite power signal to the eNB. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed technique outperforms the conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) technique.

This paper uses a new intelligent method for the diagnosis of fatal breast cancer. The method combines the information gain method and the subtractive clustering adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (IG-SCANFIS). Information Gain method was applied to reduce the attributes dimension and then applies the selected attributes as input to SCANFIS. The SCANFIS model uses the subtractive clustering algorithm to cluster the input data to obtain the fuzzy rules and establish the neural fuzzy reasoning system. The system is used to diagnosis the breast cancer. The data sets used for training and testing were obtained from the University of California, Irvine (UCI) machine learning library. The simulation result shows that the proposed method has high prediction accuracy and the accuracy rate is as high as 99.44%.

Tele-teaching and distance-learning concept is getting much consideration these days since it poses easy access and availability of well-known instructors' lectures and presentations. In relation to video lectures, one of the utmost important concerns is professional video recording. Video recording inside lecture halls requires experienced camera-work professionals, who can record video lecture in an eye-catching way that keep the viewer concentration. To eliminate the overhead of expensive camera-work professionals, recently, image recognition algorithms combined with camera controllers make automatic lecture recording possible. In this article, we present real time implementation of the field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) based automatic lecture recording system. The system comprises of FPGA board, which can take input from analog and/or digital video camera, the ARM processor unit, and camera mounted stepper motor. Real time Image recognition algorithms are used to detect the region of interest (ROI) boundaries, instructor's face, and instructor's movement direction. The stepper motor rotates the mounted camera as directed by the FPGA controller to follow the lecturer and board. Further, the proposed system is designed in a compatible manner that can take input from a variety of video formats. Successful video lecture recording at Hanyang University lecture hall validated the performance of the system.

With the rapid increase in urban population and hence the automobiles, parking has emerged as a resource with fair amount of energy consumption, air pollution and traffic congestion in almost every major city around the globe. Therefore, its efficient management in terms of both energy and space is not only necessitated to save a lot of energy, but also plays a pivotal role to obtain environment friendly green cities. In this article, we proposed a smart energy efficient parking system, which integrates the image recognition techniques for license plate recognition, infrared sensor for group control and wireless sensor network (WSN) for intelligent light emitting diode (LED) lighting. The system offers better guidance to parking position, controls LED lights based on traffic distribution for maximum energy efficiency, and offers enhanced security as compared to its counterpart conventional system. The system is built on ZigBee based Wireless Mesh network (WMN) nodes equipped with image sensor and RF module. The vehicles in the parking lot are detected and recognized using the grid based algorithm and license plate image recognition. The concept of zoning or lighting group control algorithm is integrated with moving object tracking algorithm to control the array of lights to attain the maximum energy efficiency and reduced Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. In comparison to conventional parking and normal lighting, the proposed system presents the substantial amount of energy savings, less environmental pollution and enhanced surveillance. Moreover, the embedded advantage of improved reliability, reduced maintenance and low cost due to smart control suggests very satisfactory and optimistic results for future implementation of the system as an integrated part of smart cities.

Digital multiplexers 12 (DMX 512) is a standard for digital data transmission mainly to control stage lighting. Conventional DMX512 employs bus topology in a daisy chain network. The network consists of one master and one or more slave devices connected through wires. Although wired connection validates reliable data transfer, yet it increases network complexity, specifically, where wires can be prohibitively lengthy. Additionally, wired connected DMX512 devices limits mobility and scalability while on other hand it increases labor and cost. Hence, there exists a need to replace the wired DMX512 with the wireless one. In this paper, we propose a wireless DMX512 system. Keeping in consideration the characteristics given by the DMX512 standard, we propose a novel design where master and slave can transfer DMX512 packets wirelessly. Simulation results and successful implementation validated the performance of the system.

We study bidirectional amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying network consisting of two end-terminals and multiple relays, where each node operates in a half- duplex mode. A best relay is selected from multiple relays in a distributed manner to help communication between two end-terminals. Specifically, we first consider relay selection (RS) scheme for bidirectional AF relay network based on a max-min criterion to maximize the information rate and to minimize the outage probability. Then based on this RS scheme, we derived the close form expression of outage probability. From numerical and observations, we see that the proposed RS scheme gives better outage performance than random relay selection scheme and equal power multiple-relay scheme in symmetric as well as in asymmetric channels.

Home security and control is one of the basic needs of mankind from early days. But today it has to be updated with the rapidly changing technology to ensure vast coverage, remote control, reliability, and real time operation. Deploying wireless technologies for security and control in home automation systems offers attractive benefits along with user friendly interface. In this paper, implementation of a novel security and control system for home automation is presented. The proposed system consists of a control console interfaced with different sensors using ZigBee. Suspected activities are conveyed to remote user through SMS (Short Message Service) or Call using GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) technology. Upon reply, the remote user can control his premises again through GSM-ZigBee combination. Besides, traditional burglar alarm enhances security in case of no acknowledgment from remote user. This system offers a low cost, low power consumption and user friendly way of a reliable portable monitoring and control of the secured environment. Using the concept of serial communication and mobile phone AT-commands (Attention Telephone/Terminal commands), the software is programmed using C-language. The design has been implemented in the hardware using ZigBee EM357 module, Atmega128 MCU (microcontroller unit) and Sony Ericsson T290i mobile phone set.