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As humanity struggles to adequately conceptualize the society of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), some fundamental truths remain: that change is steeped in digital transformation; organizing forms are in flux; and that innovation could be the anchor to the future sustainability of humanity. The Open Innovations Conference (OIC) provides a platform for discourse on these fundamental truths of profound digital transformation, changing forms of organizing and a re-think of the notion of innovation. The 2019 Open Innovations Conference (OI), technically co-sponsored by IEEE, addressed the theme of “New Frontiers of the 4IR” by engaging with policy makers and practitioners shaping the 4IR discourse, and collating scholarly contributions from cognate disciplines germane to the 4IR. The theme of the 2019 Open Innovations Conference sought to unravel the intricacies, contradictions and innovations of the 4IR, but, from a multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary scholarly perspective. The emphasis on open innovations, a paradigm that shifts viewing innovation from an internal to an external orientation, undergirds the value system of the Open Innovations Conference (OIC) series. Several disciplines sought to frame their understandings of the 4IR by investigating the foundations, practices and impact of emerging technologies on human development, particularly within the context of Africa. Contributions at the fore of the 2019 Open Innovations Conference are from Computer Science, Information Systems, Mechatronic Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Civil Engineering, Public Administration, Environmental Sciences, Public Health and Science and Technology Education. From these contributions, the view is that the society of the 4IR needs to envisage a sustainable future thatelevates the role of humanity and the individual in influencing technological change for human progress.

In many organisations, the deployment of information technologies (IT) encounters various challenges such as processes redesign, infrastructure redundancy, and lack of alignment between business processes and IT artefacts. These challenges impede organisations productivity and competitiveness. As a means to mitigate against the challenges, approaches, such as e-governance and IT governance have been employed and practised in some organisations over the years. However, the e-governance and IT governance brings about more complication through their conflicting and duplicating functions in their deployment and use, which is often caused by inability to draw distinction between the two approaches. The implication of the challenges includes the fact that it hampers selection, implementation, use and management of information systems and technologies (IS/IT) artefacts within an organisation. The challenges are more common in developing countries such as Namibia, owing to the newness of the concept in the environment. Thus, this study employed a desk research approach to understand the implication of practice in the interchangeable use of the terms. A total of 52 articles were collected. The keywords egovernance and IT governance) were used as the main search criteria (. All articles were collected from accredited journals databases, such as Emerald, IEEE Explore Digital Library and Proquest. The collected articles were analysed, following the interpretive stance. From the findings, we highlight the commonality and distinction between the e-governance and IT governance. The article therefore proposes ways in which the two concepts can be employed separately or complementarily, to manage IS/IT activities and business processes without conflicts, within an environment.

Structuration theory has increasingly been used in Information Systems studies and has been useful in understanding the interaction and relationship between agents and structure which in structuration theory terms is known as duality of structure. This duality is applicable even to the healthcare sector where services and healthcare data influence each other towards the provision of health services to patients. There exists in the health sector, consciously and unconsciously, huge amounts of data which are scattered, inaccessible and not properly managed. This in some cases has led to many patients being wrongly diagnosed based on insufficient information at the point of care. Consequently, there have been losses and damages to lives which contributed to the mortality rates in the country. This study was undertaken on the premise of the highlighted challenges above. The objective was to develop a conceptual framework that can guide the management of data towards the improvement of healthcare services within the South African community. This study employs the interpretive approach where qualitative data were gathered from existing works. The structuration theory, was furthermore, applied as a lens to guide the analysis of the data. From the findings, which include structure, agent, facility, and agency; a framework was developed. The conceptual framework primarily intends to guide and advance the ways in which data is stored, retrieved, managed, and used for improved healthcare services. The usage of data for healthcare services can only improve if its management effectively understands the influencing factors, from both technical and non-technical perspectives. The application of structuration theory as a lens brings a fresh perspective that can add value as well as quality to the use and management of data for healthcare service delivery. Thus, the study can be useful to health practitioners and academics from both theoretical and practical perspectives.

The e-government concept and healthcare have usually been studied separately. Even when and where both e-government and healthcare systems were combined in a study, the roles of e-government in healthcare have not been examined. As a result., the complementarity of the systems poses potential challenges. The interpretive approach was applied in this study. Existing materials in the areas of healthcare and e-government were used as data from a qualitative method viewpoint. Dimension of change from the perspective of the structuration theory was employed to guide the data analysis. From the analysis., six factors were found to be the main roles of e-government in the implementation and application of e-health in the delivering of healthcare services. An understanding of the roles of e-government promotes complementarity., which enhances the healthcare service delivery to the community.

Even though the abstractive summarisation method has been in existence for over four decades, its popularity, adoption and diffusion have been slow, or limited, in both business and academic domains. This has retarded advances of the innovation and hampered its potential benefits to users. Thus, this qualitative, empirical study was undertaken to examine and understand how the abstractive summarisation method can be diffused to increase its spread and usefulness across business and academic environments. The 1995 theory of Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) by Rogers was employed in the analysis of the existing works. Based on analysis, five main factors were identified as influencing the adoption of the abstractive summarisation method. The factors are complexity, practical effectiveness, experimental, shortened output and lack of friendliness. These factors were discussed towards gaining a better understanding of how the diffusion of abstractive summarisation method can be improved in both business and academic environments.

Many organisations focuses on the utilisation of technology, and others are more interested in innovations for their goals and objectives. Some individuals and organisations take it further, by producing and reproducing technology over time and space through innovations. What is even more important and challenging is to understand the practice and philosophical assumption of the symmetric between technology innovation and social context, which the theory of Diffusion of Innovation (DoI) helps to examine. The theory of DoI has been extensively applied, mainly as a lens, in the analysis of data in information systems (IS) studies. The theory brings a different perspective into the field of information systems, to understand how innovations are diffused within an environment. However, there are implications and challenges on how the theory is applied. The challenges are critical as, the application of the theory have impact, and shapes the result of the study that employs it. This paper presents a deeper view, and guide on how the DoI can be applied in IS studies, and examined the implications and challenges encountered and unforeseen. This was done through review, interpretative analysis, and discussion of existing literature.

Organisations believe that IT projects are the key to deliver solution in any challenges they have. Consciously or unconsciously, many organisations focuses more on technology, and take for granted that IT Project does not happen in isolation. The deployments of IT projects are results of people's action which are carried out through processes. IT projects are intended for the support ad enabling of organisation's processes and activities, primarily for sustainability and competitive advantage. As these events (human actions and the processes that they followed) occur and reoccur, different kinds of risks are potential associates. Unfortunately, not all risks are visible or could be easily detected. Even those that are clearly diagnosed, are not as simple as thought in articulation and management. This could be attributed to lack of understanding of the root cause or its manifestations. Hence it was of vital importance to make use of a lens (of actor network theory) in the data analysis.

Generally, organisations continue to strive for sustainability and competitive advantage. This leads some of the organisations to employ various tactics and mechanisms in attempts to fulfill their aims and objectives, overtime. The challenges of sustainability and competitive advantage could also be attributed to organisations' reliance on technology which has increased significantly in recent years. The increasing competitiveness amongst the organisations drives technology innovations. As technology evolves, more organisations are challenged, hence the quest to explore the concept of open innovation. The paper focuses on the concept of open innovation from both academic and professional (corporate) perspectives. Through interpretivism philosophical assumption we sought an understanding of the impact and implications of the openness in the concept of open innovation.

In the last two decades, reliance on computerised systems has increased rapidly. Some organisations depend totally on computerised information systems to carry out their operations as well as to process, maintain, and report essential information. However, the reliability of computerised data has become a major concern to risk management. Due to the degree of reliance on information systems, risk management has become an increasingly essential part of most organisations' daily operations. If potential risks are not managed, it could have a major impact on the organisation's strategic objectives and could manifest in the derailment of the entire organisation's processes and activities. This study used case study research method to investigate and understand how IS risks are managed in the organisation and how Risk Management Systems (RMS) are deployed. Structuration Theory (ST) was employed for the analysis of the data collected.

Many organizations adopt cyclical processes to articulate and engineer technological responses to their business needs. Their objective is to increase competitive advantage and add value to the organization's processes, services and deliverables, in line with the organization's vision and strategy. The major challenges in achieving these objectives include the rapid changes in the business and technology environments themselves, such as changes to business processes, organizational structure, architectural requirements, technology infrastructure and information needs. No activity or process is permanent in the organization. To achieve their objectives, some organizations have adopted an Enterprise Architecture (EA) approach, others an Information Technology (IT) strategy approach, and yet others have adopted both EA and IT strategy for the same primary objectives. The deployment of EA and IT strategy for the same aims and objectives raises question whether there is conflict in adopting both approaches. The paper and case study presented here, aimed at both academics and practitioners, examines how EA could be employed as IT strategy to address both business and IT needs and challenges.

A satisfactory account of the interwoven distinction between information systems (IS) and information technology (IT) is lacking, at least on an empirical basis. To this point, the terms IS and IT are often used loosely and interchangeably, even by professionals within the two fields and beyond. There is prima facie evidence that the inadequate distinction between the two concepts may have an impact on the processes, activities and structure in the computing environment of an organization. Through interpretive case study, this paper explores opportunities to gain insights into whether the interchangeable use of the terms IS and IT is as result of ignorance or practical unconsciousness. The paper focuses on the implications of the interplay, rather than the fact that this interplay exists.

— Despite impressive technical advances in tools and methodologies and the organizational insights provided by many years of academic and business researches, the underperformance of Information Technology (IT) remains.In the past and even today, organizations experience difficulty in managing technology, changing from system to system, implementing new technology, maintaining compatibility with existing technologies, and changing from one business process to another. These problems impact significantly on business performance and will continue to do so if not addressed. As a result, many organizations have deployed EA in an attempt to address these challenges. However, the design and development of EA has proven to be easier than its institutionalization. The study explored the development and implementation of EA to determine the factors, which are barriers to its institutionalization. Two case studies were conducted.