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This investigation reports all optical parity generator and checker based on quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers at 200 Gb/s. The proposed circuit has been realized by using SOA-MZI configuration with quantum dot as active region in SOA. Parity generator consists of three inputs and utilizes 2 XOR logic while parity checker employs 3 XOR logic with 4 inputs. Cross phase modulation in SOA has been exploited in the design of XOR logic. MZI configuration converts phase modulation to amplitude modulation to achieve desired Boolean equation of XOR. Wide and clear eye diagram has been obtained with extinction ratio above 10 dB and Q factor of above 12. Obtained results validates feasibility and confirms practical implementation of proposed scheme.

Embedded SRAMs enable high performance operation of processor and become an essential block in modern SoCs. Memory instances occupy almost 70% of area of the embedded microprocessors and constitute a large part of power budget. So, designing dense SRAMs with low leakage power is a key focus for SRAM designers. This paper presents design and benchmark of different topologies of 4T SRAM cells and conventional 6T SRAM cell in 65nm Low Standby Power(LSTP) Technology. Our analysis shows that not only iso-stable 4T cells are 10-25% denser than conventional 6T SRAM cell, they also have upto 65% lower leakage. These density and leakage gains are enabled by a 20% loss in speed which is an acceptable trade-off for higher level caches with multi-cycle access.

Energy management plays important role in any business. The productivity of an organization will be increased by efficient use of the energy. Energy management reduces system cost and also helps user in analyzing the total energy consumed. In this paper the energy management is carried out efficiently at Siemens by collecting data from the power meters consumed by building and developing a web application in cloud using Raspberry Pi and Modbus Communication protocol. The paper also gives the configuration details of Node RED in Raspberry Pi.

In present scenario, electricity is important for day to day activities, but unfortunately electricity is not available in many areas due to difficulties of power grid systems. The best choice for those rural areas is to place local stand-alone power system to provide the required power to people for their better livelihood. Mostly Diesel Generators are using for power generations, but it is not economical and eco-friendly due to increasing price of diesel day by day and it release carbon products along with noise while power generation. The alternative is placing a renewable energy based stand-alone power system. The wind based power generation is most popular among the renewable energy power systems and Photovoltaic based power systems also gradually rising in society. The integration of two or more renewable systems will give more reliable in stand-alone power systems. In this paper, proposed hybrid wind and solar based stand-alone power generation system for rural application. Maximum power point tracker (MPPT) converters also included to achieve the maximum available power from renewable sources. For more reliable, a battery is also incorporated to system with proper voltage based controller. Moreover, Most of the distribution loads are unbalanced in three phase power system, hence, balanced voltages should be maintained for good power quality at load bus. In order to maintain the good power quality, controller is designed for inverter to maintain the single phase voltages at its reference values. Extensive controllers are design and tested in MATLAB Simulink in both the balanced and unbalanced load conditions. The performance of controllers is quite satisfactory under various possible conditions.

The hybrid electric vehicle which is driven by a motor (PMSM) powered with electric power generated by multiple power sources is stated. By considering the emission of greenhouse gases from the present day vehicles, the idea of hybrid vehicles have a raised, by this paper we are making excessive efforts to reduce carbon emission while transport. Present day scenario the world is looking for solar energy based electric vehicles. But solar (Photovoltaic (PV) cells) itself cannot provide sufficient power to the vehicles for applications of long drive. So, that standby and alternate power sources are mandatory and those should be green able/renewable sources for making system/vehicle as green able technology. For consideration of economic issues and long drive applications, incorporate battery (which is chargeable by AC source), hydrogen fuel cell to the system. So that the system makes hybrid and more reliable. Here Proposed a new controller based PMSM drive to drive the vehicle. In spite of this, DTC allows decent torque control in both steady and transient state. The Major issue with this Classical DTC is having high torque & flux ripples. In this project two-fuzzy controller along with the Space Vector Modulation (SVM) technique is applied to 5 level low cost multilevel inverter to overcome this issue. For this application we have designed special structure of multilevel inverter and develop new SVM technique. Several variations of DTC-SVM with low cost multilevel inverter have been proposed and discussed in this paper. By using MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation software to simulate our results.

The charging of a mobile phone is the most important function to operate mobile. by charging the battery. Unfortunately, it will take long time for the process of full charging of a mobile phone battery and considering present generation mobile phones it is very much time taking process in to charge its battery because they are having a lot of functions need to be operated. so that The battery will be discharging quickly when mobile is working with multi functions. This process leads to be switched off the mobile. This problem is reduced with backup power banks. However, many disadvantages are present in these types of models. We can include more functions in mobile if we can able to provide power backup for long time by providing more space in the mobiles This is possible by two ways but both the ways are in opposite nature. Those are, long time power can be supply to mobile by increasing the size of battery, however this will not be a proper approach because to include more functions in mobiles the majority space in mobile will be occupied by battery. This problem can be rectified by providing alternative power to the battery continuously, hence small size battery will be sufficient to operate mobile with more features. This alternative power can be supplied by Photovoltaic (PV) cells and the possibility is to insert the PV cells on the battery. In this paper, the PV cells are used to charge the mobile battery and simulation results are presented with experimental results in various possible conditions. The proposed setup can be designed as an integrated chip, so the size of the charger will be reduced and the battery can be charged continuously from the solar power. It has been established that the performance of the proposed method is quite satisfactory during both in transient as well as in steady state is quite satisfactory under both MATLAB and experimental analysis.

The charging of a mobile with direct DC supply at low cost is becoming an innovative technology. A new approach to recharge the mobile battery by direct DC supply without the conversion of AC to DC is reported. The approach applies a three terminal voltage regulator 78M05 IC to give a constant voltage 5V and current ≈500mA from a 9V rechargeable battery connected parallel to the voltage regulator. It is observed that the voltage difference of the rechargeable battery drops when the mobile phone battery is charged and a voltage regulator is added in addition to regulate constant voltage finally. The analysis was also done by the AC power supply via the mobile charger. The charger is helpful for the charging of the mobile phone battery when there is no AC power supply. The entire setup can be reduced as an integrated chip along with the mobile phone charger, so the size of the charger remains same. Based on extensive simulation results using Matlab/Simulink and experimental results, it has been established that the performance of the controller both in transient as well as in steady state is quite satisfactory.

The operation of the distributed generation system with Fuel Cell (FC) is analyzed in this paper. FC is incorporated to distribution system with inverter and inverter controller is proposed to supply the real power to distribution system as well as to work as DSTATCOM. Highlights the benefits of using DSTATCOM are presented in this paper. The purpose of DSTATCOM is to mitigate the voltage sag and to make proper power flow control in the system. Then hybrid controller is proposed for inverter in this paper, so this controller mitigates sag, compensate reactive power and improve voltage stability. Hence, the system maintains good power quality at load. Based on extensive simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink it has been established that the performance of the controllers is quite satisfactory under both in transient as well as in steady state condition.

At present, induction motors are the dominant drives in various industries. It is quite cumbersome to control an induction motor (IM) because of its poor dynamic response in comparison to the DC motor drives. The central theme of Vector Control (VC) is to decouple the stator current of the IM into two orthogonal components and is to control these two components individually so as to achieve an independent control of flux and torque of the IM. VC is still very complex to implement. Direct Torque Control (DTC) is an improvised VC method. With the DTC scheme employing a Voltage Source Inverter, it is possible to control directly the stator flux linkage and the electromagnetic torque by the optimum selection of inverter switching vectors. The modeling of an IM drive employing DTC with application of fuzzy is performed in this article, it is better to understand the DTC and its difficulties. The reference voltage vector is then realized using a voltage vector modulator. Several variations of DTC-SVM have been proposed and discussed in the literature. The work of this review paper is to study, evaluate and compare the various techniques of the DTC-SVM applied to the Induction Motor.

The paper investigates the dynamic operation of novel control scheme for Distributed Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) with 9-level inverter. The performance of proposed controller is simulated by the MATLAB/Simulink. The DSTATCOM scheme and the electric grid network are modeled by specific electric blocks from the power system block set, while the control system is modeled using Simulink. In this paper 9 level converter is used instead of 48 pulse converter for DSTATCOM operation in distributed system. In general 48 pulse converter requires 8 transformers and 8 six pulse converters. Hence, it is expensive and complex in operation. In order to overcome these problems, proposed 9 level multilevel inverter based DSTATCOM and it is tested under balanced and unbalanced load condition. Moreover, results also presented for reactive power and non-linear load compensation. In our proposed structure have only one transformer and single 9 level converter, therefore, operation in controlling is very easy and cost effective compare to general configuration.

In this paper, voltage control of stand-alone "Photovoltaic (PV)-Diesel Generator (DG)-Battery" system is presented when subjected to faults on distribution feeders. During the period of occurrence of fault and opening of fuse, high current flows through inverter leg which stops its operation. Moreover, fault creates huge unbalance due to opening of fuse of faulty phase(s). Therefore, a novel inverter control is developed to deal with those situations. Further, loads on distribution system are in non-linear in nature. These problems cause poor power quality at point of common coupling (PCC) where DG and loads are connected. Therefore, integrated control of inverter is proposed to maintain good power quality at PCC. The novel inverter control helps in eliminating negative sequence and harmonic current from DG. The detailed MATLAB results are presented by considering different case studies.

Electric Vehicle (EV) technology provides an effective solution for achieving better performance compared to conventional vehicles. This paper highlights the use of a bidirectional buck-boost converter for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) driven EV. The bidirectional buck - boost converter interfaces the low-voltage battery with a high-voltage dc bus and maintains a bidirectional power flow. The batteries are at low voltage to obtain higher volumetric efficiencies, and the dc link is at higher voltage to have higher efficiency on the motor side. PMSMs are known as a good candidate for EV due to their superior properties such as high torque/volume ratio, power factor and high efficiency. This paper also includes Space Vector Modulation (SVM) based Direct Torque Control (DTC) which controls the PMSM to reduce the ripples in both torque and speed. A closed loop control system with a Proportional Integral (PI) controller in the speed loop has been designed to operate in constant torque and flux weakening regions. Extensive simulation work was carried out using Matlab/Simulink, and the results established shows that the performance of the controller both in transient as well as in steady state is quite satisfactory.

Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm was introduced to resist classical methods of cryptanalysis (i.e.) from linear or differential attacks. The cryptographic strength of the AES depends strongly on the choice of S-box. The result of the new attack methods shows that there may be some lacuna in the design of S-box in the AES algorithm. The setback is the weakness of the existing linearity structure in the S-box. After a detail analyze on the AES algorithm and a new performance scheme for rising complication of nonlinear transformation in the structure of S- box is presented in this paper. In order to resist from the new attacks and to execute the AES with the protected encryption and decryption by using JAVA and to provide a further more protection a Bio-metric scheme has been used in both the encryption and decryption schemes. The result shows that the new nonlinear implementation of the AES S-Box by using JAVA provides enhanced security with good enough speed for encryption and decryption.

In this paper a stand-alone Photovoltaic (PV) systems is presented for water pumping. Solar PV water pumping systems are used for irrigation and drinking water. PV based pumping systems without battery can provide a cost-effective use of solar energy. For the purpose of improving efficiency of the system perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm based Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) is connected to this system. The aim of this paper is to show how to achieve an effective photovoltaic pumping system without battery storage. Results are presented based on different cases of irrigation pumping application and availability of solar irradiance. Simulation results using MATLAB/SIMULINK show that the performance of the controllers both in transient as well as in steady state is quite satisfactory.

Direct Torque Control is a control technique used in AC drive systems to obtain high performance torque control. The conventional DTC drive contains a pair of hysteresis comparators, a flux and torque estimator and a voltage vector selection table. The torque and flux are controlled simultaneously by applying suitable voltage vectors, and by limiting these quantities within their hysteresis bands, decoupled control of torque and flux can be achieved. However, as with other hysteresis-bases systems, DTC drives utilizing hysteresis comparators suffer from high torque ripple and variable switching frequency. The most common solution to this problem is to use the space vector with multilevel inverter depends on the reference torque and flux. The reference voltage vector is then realized using a voltage vector modulator. Several variations of DTC-SVM with three level inverter have been proposed and discussed in the literature. The work of this project is to study, evaluate and compare the various techniques of the DTC-SVM with three level inverter applied to the induction machines through simulations. The simulations were carried out using MATLAB/ SIMULINK simulation package. Evaluation was made based on the drive performance, which includes dynamic torque and flux responses, feasibility and the complexity of the systems. It is better technology in electric vehicles.