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Vehicle theft detection is becoming as an increasingly important challenge in many urban areas. Some of the factors that affect the detection of such thievery are: a change in the original vehicle number plate, dismantling and mismatching the parts of the vehicle, and alteration in the original vehicle colour. These complications have led to serious difficulties in identifying the theft vehicles. In order to reduce the effort required in tracking the stolen vehicles, this research work has developed a system that can efficiently detect the theft vehicle irrespective of its altered vehicle number plate and colour. The proposed vehicle theft detection process is done with the help of microcontrollers and some modules.

The main source of lung cancer is to gasping the tobacco smoke regularly, which affects around 90% of lung cancers. Cancer cells are to be carried to and from the lungs within the blood or lymph fluid ambience the lung tissue. Early diagnosis and treatment can save life. In this, the image processing techniques have been utilized to identify the lung cancer. Initially, the CT scan image is pre-processed for removing the unwanted signals and smoothing them by employing Improved Kaun Filter (IKF). Subsequently, the preprocessed image is portioned by an Active contour method to get exactness of segmented results. Next, specific features are extracted to raise the anticipated accuracy. At last, the tumour has been categorized by Elman Neural Network (ENN) and weights are optimized with PSO and compared the accuracy results with SVM, RBFN and ANFIS.

Gyrotrons are very powerful coherent sources of radiation. In coaxial cavity gyrotron, an insert is present in the cavity which leads to reduction in the voltage depression and change the eigenvalue, depending on the radii ratio. As a result a coaxial cavity can be fine- tuned for very higher power at very higher frequencies in comparison to cylindrical cavity. In this paper design studies of a coaxial cavity for 170 GHz, 4 MW gyrotron are given. The insert is corrugated with triangular corrugations. The advantage of such a corrugation type is that it allows more number of slots to be included on the insert, without causing the problem of localized heating. Single mode self consistent calculation is carried out for the calculation of output power and efficiency. Wall losses and diffractive quality factors for desired and competing modes have been calculated.

In this paper, a two-cavity W-band frequency doubling gyroklystron amplifier has been designed. The single mode nonlinear analysis for studying the beam-wave interaction behavior in a frequency doubling gyroklystron amplifier has been developed by combining the theory of harmonic operation of gyroklystron amplifier with the fundamental mode operation. Consequently, the RF output power, efficiency, and bandwidth of the gyroklystron amplifier has been computed. The results from the developed nonlinear analysis predicted a stable RF output power of 116 kW at 94 GHz, with 20.6 dB gain, 32.2% efficiency and a bandwidth of 0.32% for a 60 kV, 6 A gyrating electron beam.

In this paper, RF behavior studies of a 2MW triangular corrugated coaxial cavity gyrotron is presented for the operating frequency of 283 GHz to explore the possibility of multi-frequency operation in an already proposed dual regime gyrotron (220/251.5 GHz). The cavity mode for the 283 GHz operation is chosen as TE 62 , 38 . Cold cavity analysis, mode competition studies and self consistent single mode calculations are carried out for this operating frequency. Time dependent multi-mode calculations are performed to verify power growth in the desired mode and the possibility of power in the competing modes. Startup analyses are carried out using the electron beam parameters obtained from the electron gun design studies for both partial and complete space charge neutralization cases. These studies confirm that 2MW, continuous wave (CW) operation can be obtained at all the three operating frequencies (220/251.5/283 GHz) in the proposed coaxial cavity gyrotron.

To improve the spectrum efficiency, Cognitive Radio technology is introduced with dynamic spectrum access. To achieve the dynamic spectrum access, the cognitive radio network is emerging with spectrum key functionalities such as spectrum sensing, spectrum management, spectrum sharing and spectrum mobility. Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol has an important role in most of the spectrum key functionalities like scheduling the available spectrum resources to choose the best channel based on QoS requirement, negotiation between the users for avoiding the collision and vacate the channel when the primary user is detected. In this review, the roles of MAC protocol in cognitive radio functionalities are analyzed. This review concentrated on the research publication in MAC protocol of past ten years. MAC protocols in cognitive radio network are classified and tabled based on the characteristics such as spectrum access, cooperation between the primary and secondary users, the structure of the network and common control channel. Finally, the advantages and the research challenges of the MAC protocol are identified and described.

In this paper, effect of the insert misalignment on the eigenvalue of the modes in a triangular corrugated coaxial cavity is studied. By using the Graff's addition theorem, dispersion relation is derived for the coaxial cavity with misaligned inner rod. Analysis shows that due to the structural misalignment, superposition of the wave functions must be considered in the field equations so as to satisfy the boundary conditions. The effect of insert misalignment on the eigenvalue of the operating mode TE 34 , 20 in 170 GHz, 2MW coaxial cavity gyrotron is studied. Results show that there is a significant modification in the eigenvalue of the mode due to the insert misalignment.

Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) has been emerged as a hopeful solution to utilize a statically allocated spectrum in an optimistic manner with dynamic spectrum access. At present, there is no workflow describe the way of whole data transmission including all the spectrum functionalities. This research work presents a framework of the CRN based on Common Control Channel (CCC) with a notion concerning channel selection algorithm, spectrum sensing and spectrum handoff to avoid collision between users and improve the throughput of Secondary Users (SUs) without affecting Primary Users (PUs). This research concentrates CCC based control message exchange along with design and finds CCC is optimal. Finally, this research proposed framework for CCC based channel selection and spectrum handoff to CRN.

In this paper, design study of a quasi-optical launcher (QOL) for a 2 MW, 170 GHz coaxial cavity gyrotron designed for plasma heating application in the experimental tokamak is presented. The operating mode is chosen as TE 34,19 . The launcher is designed for converting the higher order operating mode into a linearly polarized Gaussian like beam. Design parameters of the launcher is numerically optimized through a commercial software Launcher Optimization Tool (LOT). The designed launcher efficiently converts the operating mode into Gaussian like beam with a minimum diffraction loss.

In the present scenario, majority of the population uses the ATM machine to withdraw cash. At the same time, there are many ATM robberies that have occurred in many areas, even if the CCTV cameras are placed in the ATM center. Hence the security system needs to be changed. In order to reduce these kinds of robberies, we present a security system for ATM theft by using a smart and effective technology. This system also analyses various physical attacks on ATM's. In our proposed system we use Face Recognizing Camera to capture the face of the person, who is entering. Tilt and vibration sensors are used to detect the irregular activities that are done on the ATM machine. The purpose of the Temperature sensor is to determine the degree of temperature present in the ATM booth. The main aim of our proposed system is to send an alert through social media's like Facebook, twitter, and Gmail using IOT and GSM network. Liquidator chloroform is used to spread the chloroform to make the thief unconscious. This system caters realistic monitoring and control

In this paper, design of a Magnetron Injection Gun (MIG) for a 4 MW, 170 GHz coaxial cavity gyrotron is presented. The operating mode is chosen as TE 52,31 . A triode configured coaxial MIG is designed for the generation of the annular electron beam with the desired beam parameters. The supporting magnetic guidance system is also designed. The initial gun design parameters are obtained using our in-house code Gyrotron Design Suite version 4.1 2016 (GDSv4.1 2016) and the geometry of the MIG is finally optimized through particle trajectory code ESRAY.

This paper describes the attitude control approach of a nanosatellite in different scenarios of reaction wheel failure. The approach to allocate the control torques across the 4 wheels is explained considering the cases of one and two wheel failures. A Linear Quadratic Regulator is used to find the gains of the Proportional Derivative (PD) controller employed to determine the control torques to be generated by the reaction wheels in order to correct a specific attitude error and damp angular rates. The different analysis done in attempts to stabilize the satellite for all the aforesaid conditions has been presented. The paper also describes the electrical modeling of Brushless DC motor to get the transfer function and obtain P, I (Integral) and D parameters for optimum motor performance. ARM STM32F407 is used as the main microcontroller for the satellite. The operation flow of the implementation of control approach is explained. An account of different interfaces and peripheral used to realize control system design is described.

The web contains huge amount of data that is increasing in volume and dimension day by day. Data mining applications that make use of Web data is referred as Web mining. Web mining is one of the hot topics in the field of data mining. Web mining is classified into three types based on extracting knowledge. They are Web Structure mining, Web content mining the Web usage mining. Web usage mining process can be divided into three interdependent stages: data preprocessing, pattern discovery and pattern analysis. This paper is mainly related to web usage mining. The contribution of this paper is based on the investigation of data preprocessing and is used to determine the effectiveness of the algorithms, its limitations, and their stands are verified. Various preprocessing algorithms and its heuristics are applied and examined by implemented using programming languages. Data preprocessing algorithms are used to parse the raw log files that involve splitting of the log files and then cleansed to obtain superior quality of data. Based on this data, the unique users are identified which in turn helps to identify user sessions.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is the technology that uses an RFID tag on objects or people, so that they can be identified, tracked and managed automatically. Due to its wide application in the automobile assembly industry, warehouse management and the supply chain network, RFID has been considered as the next promising technology in serving the positioning purpose. Since the goods need to be monitored it should be tracked in both indoors and outdoors. Existing positioning technology such as Global positioning system (GPS) are not available indoors as the terminal cannot get the signal from the satellites. To enhance the availability of the positioning systems for indoors, the development of RFID positioning system for locating objects or people have became a hot topic in recent research. GPS is mainly used for outdoor tracking. This paper deals with the process of goods which is to be tracked in both indoor and also outdoor environment and to monitor the goods with the IOT anywhere and also at anytime.

In this paper, mode selection procedure leading to interaction circuit design of a 2 MW, 204 GHz coaxial cavity gyrotron suitable for Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating of plasmas in future fusion experimental reactor DEMO tokamak is presented. By considering all design constraints, operating mode is selected as TE44,26. Diffractive quality factor, ohmic wall losses and coupling coefficient are calculated for the desired mode and competing modes of the designed structure. Surface Impedance Model (SIM) has been used for the calculation of the ohmic losses.

The growing cost of traditional stabilizing agents and the need for the economical utilization of industrial and agricultural wastes has prompted an investigation into the stabilizing potential of coal ash (CA), groundnut shell ash (GSA) and bagasse ash (BA) in highly expansive soil. In this study an attempt has been made to utilize the industrial and agricultural wastes such as coal ash, groundnut shell ash and bagasse ash as stabilizing agent. The effect of industrial and agricultural wastes under individual and combinations (equal proportion) of mix proportions on certain properties of soil such as Optimum Moisture Content (OMC), maximum dry density (MDD), Unconfined Compressive (UCC) Strength and CBR has been studied. Index properties of natural soil showed that it belongs to CH in the IS classification system, soils under these groups are poor engineering benefit. It has been observed that 30% of C.A and 8% of GSA and B.A for individual mix proportions and 12%C.A + 12%GSA, 16%C.A + 16%B.A and 16%B.A + 16%GSA for the combinations of mix proportions, are the optimum percentage that give the maximum CBR value.

The design and simulation of 94 GHz metal PBG cylindrical waveguide with a wraparound co-axial coupler has been presented. A WR-8 rectangular waveguide drives a combined wraparound co-axial / MPBG cylindrical waveguide system. The wraparound co-axial input coupler converts a dominant TE10 rectangular waveguide mode into a TE411 resonator mode and which is then coupled into the MPBG waveguide for the desired TE01 circular mode. The designed structure has been cold analyzed with the 3-D electromagnetic CST Microwave studio code. The Eigen mode analysis ensures that how the RF magnetic field couples the co-axial waveguide through four azimuthally spaced apertures. Further, this analysis shows the confinement of the desired TE01-like mode only in the defect portion of the PBG triangular lattice structure and all other competing spurious modes have been suppressed. The transient analysis confirms good propagation and mode selectivity of PBG waveguide through the calculation of insertion loss. The coupler offers a return loss and insertion loss of -20 dB and -0.5 dB respectively with a wide bandwidth about ~6%.

Vehicle detection from aerial images is becoming an increasingly important research topic in surveillance, traffic monitoring and military applications. The system described in this paper focuses on automatic vehicle detection in the aerial images. This paper introduces a morphological neural network approach to extract vehicle targets from high resolution aerial images. In the approach the Morphological Shared-Pixels Neural Network (MSPN) is used to classify image pixels on roads into vehicle targets and non-vehicle targets, and a morphological preprocessing algorithm is developed to identify candidate vehicle pixels. The proposed method is going to compare with the existing system Dynamic Bayesian Network(DBN). It is going to be proven that the experimental results in MSPN have a good detection performance. The proposed system is going to record all pixel value of aerial images sequentially and filter out the batch or portion of the several vehicle edges. This method is quite better than existing algorithms in identifying the vehicles automatically in aerial images.