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WSN playing a vital role in today's scenarios and have open environment medium for various crucial applications and other factors exist in WSN to make vulnerable various attacks. Although many authentication, cryptography and security mechanism protects at some level, but these are not alone sufficient to cope with conceded node attack. Therefore to cope with such types of node's attack, a secure routing approach is needed to secure entire wireless senor network. In this paper Secure Energy Aware Routing (SEAR) approach has been proposed and evaluated. SEAR is based on trust evaluation and detects malicious nodes. A strategy based on multi-factor is considered for this routing which includes: node's trust value, hop length and residual energy. SEAR balances the energy consumption throughout the network and transmits the data through trust nodes. Simulation has been done on MATLAB considering various nodes 100–500. Proposed approach has been compared with existing protocols namely EAD and EASER on different parameters includes, packet delivery ratio, network throughput, energy consumption, packet loss, end-to-end delay and prolongs network lifetime. Simulation results show that SEAR performs better and increases packet delivery ratio 12 %-15%, throughput 18%-22% and reduces energy consumption 30%-35%, packet loss 15%-18%, end-to-end delay 20%-25%.

Alongside the quick development in the populace thickness in urban areas,the requests for more offices and assets is developing step by step. To address the issues of city improvement, the use of Web of Things (IoT) gadgets and the savvy frameworks is the brisk and profitable source. The interconnection and correspondence of thousands of IoT gadgets with each other over the web brings about producing tremendous measure of information, called as Large Information. The reconciliation of IoT benefits alongside Enormous Information preparing in a systematized route for the advancement of keen city is a critical activity. To beat this problem, we proposed a framework for brilliant city improvement in light of IoT utilizing the investigation of Huge Information.Sensors sending is utilized including keen home sensors, vehicular systems administration, climate and in addition water sensors, shrewd stopping sensor, and observation objects, and so on. The gathered information from all brilliant framework is prepared at constant to accomplish shrewd urban areas utilizing Hadoop with Start, VoltDB, Tempest or S4. We utilize existing datasets by different specialists including supportability, keen homes with savvy machines, shrewd stopping alongside the utilization of advanced cells, climate investigation, and speed control of vehicle for examination and testing. All the datasets are replayed to test the ongoing proficiency of the framework. At long last, we assessed the framework by proficiency in term of throughput and time for preparing. The aftereffect of investigation demonstrates that the framework we have proposed is adaptable and proficient.

The request of cutting edge optical fiber correspondence frameworks is high information rate like 20 GB/s, 40 GB/s up to 100 GB/s per channel. That is extremely testing to send more channels into one single fiber channel separating needs to diminished from 250GHz to 50GHz or much littler. The consequence of that straight and nonlinear corrupting impact will be serious in such high information rate optical frameworks. The examination of a few diverse adjustment designs and produce unearthly proficient regulation configuration in rapid information rate lightwave frameworks are investigated. NRZ, RZ, Duobinary, Manchester, and Manchester Duobinary are under the proposed examine. As a matter of first importance, framework exhibitions of NRZ, RZ, Duobinary and Manchester more than a few existing transmission strands are thought about at various information rate, length and laser control and got the prevailing corrupting impact is subject to information rate; length, and laser control. Manchester Duobinary is observed to be the most spectral productive among the examined adjustment groups. Furthermore, last, examine about in what manner can enhance the Quality factor of Manchester Duobinary when information rate increment for future research.

This paper presents a variable phase shifter in Substrate Intergrated Waveguide (SIW) technology for beam steering antenna application. With this design, the phase difference between antenna array elements can be varied which results in changing the direction of maximum radiation. The proposed structure is designed by interfacing of a 3 dB directional coupler and — 300 phase shifter. The optimized design produces 30% bandwidth at 10 GHz operating frequency. In the 8.5–11.5 GHz band, isolation between input ports is higher than 20 dB and the return loss is better than 15 dB. By changing the feeding port, the phase difference of 600±20 and 1190±1.50 between the direct and coupled port are achieved. This circuit is useful in beam steering radar application.

In this paper, a design of Substrate Intergrated Waveguide (SIW) Phase Shifter is designed by placing multiple rows of air holes in a single substrate which modifies effective dielectric constant of the material and as a result, the phase of the propagating wave is modified while maintaining insertion loss less than 0.8 dB. The proposed design operates in X band (8–12 GHz) having reflection coefficient better than −15 dB within a band of 3 GHz (31.5%) and a phase shift of 24.8°±4.7° throughout the operating band.

With the advancement in the technology, this era of Internet has witnessed a bloom in the Social Networking sites popularity. Social Networking sites facilitate the users with features like sharing personal information, making friends, developing new relationships, giving rise to new privacy concerns, etc., allowing only reliable people in one's network. Here comes in the concept of `Trust'. How can we assure that a person is trustworthy and what factors account to build the trust between two persons, known or unknown to each other? This requires an exploratory insight into users' intention to share information. This paper aims to understand the factors of trust, trust levels based on trust ratings from others and probability of accepting the other person in his/her network.