Search

The Physical Internet (PI, or $\pi $ ) paradigm has been developed for a global logistics system that aims to move, handle, store, and transport logistics products in a sustainable and efficient way. To achieve this goal, the PI requires a higher level of interconnectivity and interoperability in terms of physical, informational, and operational aspects, which, by following the principle of the digital Internet (DI), is enabled by an interconnected network of intermodal hubs, collaborative protocols, and standardized, modular, and smart containers. Meanwhile, digital transformation (DT) has become mainstream in Industry 4.0 to innovate many industries, including logistics and supply chains, through the use of breakthrough digital technologies in the fields of information, communication, connectivity, analytics, and computing, such as the next generation of communication and networking (i.e., 5G), the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), big data analytics (BDA), and cloud computing (CC). In this context, the introduction of DT in the PI vision has many implications for the development and realization of an efficient and sustainable global logistics system. This study investigated the perspectives of PI under the impact of DT. The major challenges and associated open research regarding the adoption of DT in PI have been thoroughly investigated.

Sea Toll implementation provides opportunities to promote and improve welfare amongst the people of Indonesia, especially those living in the underdeveloped, remote, outer region, and the bordering areas. A study undertaken by the Ministry of Transportation in 2017 shows that Sea Toll faces challenges of low return cargo load factor of 9.5 percent. The low return cargo load factor in turn contributed to high operational cost of the Sea Toll. Physical Internet (PI) is as global logistics system based on the interconnection of logistics network by a standardized set of collaboration protocols, modular containers and smart interfaces for increased efficiency and sustainability. One of the objectives of invention of PI is to solve inefficiencies of logistics chains, including underutilized transports and distribution centers. A project exploiting PI, called Modulushca, has already been completed by the European Union (EU). Project outcomes include finalization of PI framework to enable interconnected FMCG logistics system, and identification of obstacles and success factors of a PI-enabled system. The purpose of this research is to propose high-level information technology architecture for implementation of PI in Indonesia with the objective of increasing effectiveness of Sea Toll logistics operations. The proposed architecture is modelled after that of EU’s Modulushca and will exploit existing Indonesia’s National e-Logistics Architecture, specifically the Indonesia National Logistics Ecosystem.

This paper proposes a proximity-aware extensions to the current Bitcoin protocol, named Master Node Based Clustering (MNBC). The ultimate purpose of the proposed protocol is to evaluate the security and performance of grouping nodes based on physical proximity. In MNBC protocol, physical internet connectivity increases as well as the number of hops between nodes decreases through assigning nodes to be responsible for propagating based on physical internet proximity.

Physical Internet (PI) is a novel concept for the future logistics supply chains and is a complex system. In this paper, we propose a smart IoT system which will enable a part of the Physical Internet concept. Our approach takes the basic building blocks of the Physical Internet into account and implements a system which captures smart PI-containers and provides digital ID and GPS data using a PI-mover system. It is based on a Single Board Computer, an UHF RFID reader with a Near Field antenna and supports LoRaWAN networking so that the received information from the RFID reader, finally reaches to the cloud and LoRaWAN Server successfully. Modeling of the system using SysML and experimental results of various test cases are presented.

The Physical Internet (PI, or $\pi$) paradigm has been developed to be a global logistics system that aims to move, handle, store, and transport logistics products in a sustainable and efficient way. To achieve the goal, the PI requires a high level interconnectivity in physical, informational, and operational aspect enabled by an interconnected network of inter-modal hubs, collaborative protocols, and standardized, modular, and smart containers. In this context, a full-fledged PI becomes promisingly a key logistics channel for military logistics activities since it, as combined with emerging technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain can fulfill efficiently and effectively the special requirements of military logistics operations. This paper aims at providing perspectives regarding the application of PI concept and the advanced technologies in the military logistics.

Over the last years, a new developed paradigm known as Physical Internet (PI) has been appeared, and studied in logistics management. The purpose of this global and open system is to deal with logistics grand challenge by setting up an efficient and sustainable Logistics Web. Methodology and approach: the purpose of this paper is to review of scientific articles dedicated to Physical Internet topic, and to provide a clustering strategy enabling to classify the literature on the Physical Internet, to follow its evolution, as well as to criticize it. The classification is based on three factors: Logistics Web, organization, and resources. Results: Several papers about Physical Internet have been classified and analyzed along the Logistics Web, resources and organization views at a strategic, tactical and operational level, respectively. A developed cluster analyses shows that Physical Internet needs more studies and more analyses to be adopted. Outcomes: The Physical Internet system has attracted several researchers in the last 4 years, and since then more articles have been published. However, this topic is still on papers and it needs more practice.

The Internet is known for its ability to scale and adapt its routes to every change. These routes are made by every Autonomous System (AS) peering with each other as neighbors with the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Unfortunately, this amount of trust, between all these Autonomous Systems allowing protocols like the BGP to function properly, is not found in the Physical world between logistic service providers. The Physical Internet, however, with its standardized PI-Containers and Internet-derived protocols, has every promising aspect to face this challenge. We propose in this paper a new routing approach based on the PI-BGP (Physical Internet-Border Gateway Protocol) equivalent of the BGP in the Internet. We developed this new protocol to offer a new perspective to tackle the problem of routing the PI-containers in the Physical Internet.

The Physical Internet (pi) concept was developed to address the current unsustainability problem of the current logistic systems. One of the key elements in the Physical Internet is pi-containers designed to be world-standardized, smart, green and modular boxes such that they can be handled and transported throughout an open global logistic infrastructure. Logistic processes such as partial loading/unloading or composing/decomposing of pi-containers play an important role for a successful Physical Internet. However, the large variety of these physical transformation processes can introduce desynchronisation between the physical and informational flows of the supply chain management system. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes to integrate wireless sensors into pi-containers and then develop an algorithm for this wireless sensor network to monitor the pi-containers as well as the logistics operation efficiently. The proposed methodology evaluated by simulation processes shows that our proposition can be realized practically in the era of Industrial Internet of Things.

With the continuous development of science and technology, as well as the rapid development of electronic and communication technology, the Internet cannot satisfy people's growing application requirements. Using radio frequency identification technology, wireless data communication technology and so on, a kind of physical Internet called Internet of things is constructed for realizing global goods information in real time on the basis of computer Internet. On the basis of Internet of things, the future based on individual user's single finger is the design concept. Through this system, people can get the support and help of the modern Internet of things system in all aspects such as clothing, food, shelter and travel in daily life.

E-commerce logistics park is zoned and planned to achieve highly efficient order fulfilment process while adapting to the increasing demands. However, how to improve the sharing, coordination and synchronization of resources (e.g. operators, machines, spaces and tools) across multi-echelon E-commerce logistics chain is still challenging. This paper introduces a multi-layer physical internet (PI)-enabled cloud platform to enable logistics assets virtualization and real-time control, reconfigurable task coordination and execution as well as simultaneous-and-punctual process synchronization.

Ecommerce has been an efficient way for manufacturing enterprises to receive customer orders. One typical characteristics of Ecommerce production orders is that they usually require several different types of products. Synchronous production of different products for one customer orders, referred to synchronization in this paper, plays a critical role in lowering inventory level and meeting customer delivery demand. To facilitate the synchronization, an advanced planning and scheduling (APS) system is developed by using the Physical Internet (PI) technology. Several innovations are significant. Firstly, execution-level activities are integrated with planning and scheduling decisions through PI to support real-time data collection for synchronization. Secondly, the production progresses of products and customer orders are monitored real-timely and fully considered in scheduling. Thirdly, scheduling is conducted by the joint efforts of schedulers and workshop supervisors to further guarantee the synchronization.

The supply chain is considered as a network composed of heterogeneous structures geographically distributed, that processes a large volume of data which change instantly; it makes the task of logistics deciders very complex, hence the need for distributed intelligent systems, which provide services capable of absorbing the complexity of such networks, and meet the expectations of logistics managers. In this paper, we will present the most recently used systems as intelligent transport systems or even collaborative systems between transport providers, such as multi-agent systems, the physical internet and the Internet of things. Our contribution in this paper concerns the proposal of a distributed hierarchical framework model, composed of four layers, and which will aim at the creation of a collaborative environment for the transport of goods.

In the past (classical supply chain) the supply of goods generally flow starts from factory or producer, then producer sent to a storage area called the warehouse. When finished goods are collected, the goods from storage area or warehouse (WH) is distributed to the distribution center (DC). Then after the goods were placed in the Distribution center, then the goods are shipped to the retailer (retailer). The drawback of this system is when there is a shortage of goods at the retail level, it takes a long time in the distribution of goods, from warehouse into the retailer. With the approach of the Physical Internet (PI), where the objective is to combine into a unified logistics network, the system is inter connected, the inventory can be shared through hubs that serve the market and distribution of resources. In other way, the function of warehouse and distribution center was replaced by hubs that serve to optimize transport and inventory. Although the physical internet inventory control model better than the classical model, but the model of inventory management with database synchronization better than the physical Internet. With the aproach database synchronization, several hubs can be combined into one hubs, and the plant can also sending goods directly to the retailer. In addition to optimizing transport and inventory, this analysis allows to choose a dynamic source when an order is placed: source substitution. Although this calculation is working on a computer simulation, the main intent of this paper is to define new research model inventory controlling better than classical inventory model and physical internet inventory model, which is inventory management model in synchronized database.

This paper proposes a job-shop scheduling model which converts the real-time captured data as feedbacks into the model for more precise and reasonable decision-makings. The experiment shows that, from practice implementations, the proposed model is able to achieve good performance though comparing the concerned WIP inventory, Production Cycle, and Product Ratio from the case company. The lessons and key findings are converted into managerial implications for supporting decisions in PI-enabled production shop floors.

PhyNetLab is a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) test bed for conducting research on ultra-low power electronics for WSN, energy harvesting, energy-neutral devices, suitable communication protocols and software strategies focussing on implementations in the field of materials handling and warehousing. The interaction and data exchange between machines, handling systems and storage facilities is important; to facilitate communication of various physical entities a network of physical entities is required. Henceforth, the WSN test bed described here is named PhyNetLab. This article introduces PhyNetLab facility and describes its architecture design and implementation of software and hardware components, network topology, data flow within the nodes and a facilitation tool with state-of-the-art techniques to easily deploy ultra low power WSN devices. The PhyNetLab design is also intended to be a model for a WSN implementation of Industry 4.0 systems.

International audience; Cross docking is defined as a consolidation process which integrates intermediate nodes into a transportation network where the goal is to reduce the inventory holding and the service time. This paper presents a review of the existing literature about the cross-docking under uncertainty. The discussed researches are classified based on the type of uncertainty (external and internal uncertainty). The cross docking hub in the platform of the physical internet is presented.

The geographic layout of the physical Internet inherently determines important network properties and traffic characteristics. To give insight into the geography of the Internet, we examine the spatial properties of the topology and routing. To represent the network we conducted a geographically dispersed traceroute campaign, and embedded the extracted topology into the geographic space by applying a novel IP geolocalization service, called Spotter. In this paper we present the frequency analysis of link lengths, quantify path circuitousness and explore the symmetry of end-to-end Internet routes.

Although Internet and WWW phenomena are often described using spatial metaphors, the commonest means of geographic orientation - the map - is little used in online navigation. Maps of the physical world are however available online, as are maps illustrating physical Internet topography, semantic maps showing content linkages and maps of gaming environments, usually realistic simulations. Lacking an underlying geography, maps of entire virtual spaces such as cooperative knowledge spaces seem impossible or impractical as long as their sites are conceived only as unstructured or at most hierarchical) addresses. The ViCToR project (Virtual Cooperation in Teaching and Research) at the Technische Universitat Berlin uses a room metaphor to implement a shared, user-defined space for carrying out cooperative work in education and research. So far navigation in the hierarchically structured rooms is poorly developed. This paper explores the possibilities for implementing map-based domain navigation using a community-created local geography based on coordinates.

The scalability and efficiency of P2P systems are determined largely by two factors: the degree of matching between the P2P overlay and its underlying physical network, and the efficiency of the P2P application routing scheme. Most current P2P systems address one or the other but not both in an integrated manner. This paper proposes PIPPON, a two-layer architecture to address these performance issues. At the overlay network layer, the paper proposes a simple but effective geo-LPM/geo-partitioning scheme for constructing overlay that mirrors the physical Internet. At the application routing layer, the paper introduces a dynamic key tree that is built on the optimized overlay to rout P2P messages efficiently. Simulation results indicate that PIPPON is scalable and efficient, and holds promise as a platform for large scale P2P applications.