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Technology and media change rapidly in recent years. Applying new technical tools may cause privacy concerns, leading to a low willingness to disclose personal information. Information disclosure is an important factor to facilitate the development of a new technology, which often decreases while a user’s privacy concern increases. Technical tools have to reduce user uncertainty through rich information provided. Media richness theory has been discussed in different media platforms for a while. Also, task technology fit (TTF) has been applied to various information systems across diverse task contexts. To examine the relationship between privacy concerns, information disclosure, media richness, and information technologies, the media richness theory was extended with the TTF concept in this study. Six participants were recruited to the study, where technology platforms (iPad vs. Pepper robot) and unmanned store service were included in the experimental design. The findings show that privacy concern has a negative impact on information disclosure. Additionally, the service context also significantly influences information disclosure.

With the development of the internet, live online platforms have attracted a wider audience. In this paper, we are going to focus on Live Online Platforms and investigatefactors which have a significant effect on their users'intention. For this purpose, we combined the uses and gratifications theory, technology acceptance model and media richness theory to provide a new model. Meanwhile, we analyzed impact factors on live online platform users' intention from three aspects: user perception factor, user requirement factor and content factor. We studied DouYu TV live online platform as the case and conducted a survey to collect data from two hundred and twenty users. SPSS and LISREL also were applied for analyzing the data and testing the model. The result of this research can be utilized in improving user satisfaction and attracting more users by live online platform developers and operators.

With the global wave and evolution of Cultural and Creative Industries, Law for the Development of the Cultural and Creative Industries was successfully promulgated in 2010 in Taiwan. It encourages relevant craft industries transforming to Cultural and Creative Industries and establishing private brands. In order to promote Cultural and Creative Industries, the government also reinforces the integration of art creation with culture preservation, culture, and technology. Consequently, the application of cultural and creative products is moving towards diversification. Particularly, digital creative APP (Application) becomes a popular entertainment and interaction platform for modern youngsters. In this case, understanding the cultural advantage and integrating creativity and design are the key factors in the reinforcement of Cultural and Creative Industries with cultural and creative products in Taiwan. Understanding the digital creative APP usage intention and attitudes therefore becomes a primary research issue. This study aims to develop a cultural and creative APP as well as the strict and empirically meaningful digital creative APP usage intention and attitudes scale for digital creative APP users. The characteristics of cultural and creative APP are first generalized the usefulness, hedonism, and media interaction through literature review, expert interview, purification and prediction of measurement items, and the reliability and validity evaluation of formal questionnaire. Churchill (1979) and DeVellis (1991) as well as the suggestions from research with relevant scales are referred to measure the digital creative APP usage intention and attitudes. The results show that the best predictor of practicability, entertainment and media interactive for intention toward cultural creative APP design is use attitude (R2= 0.547), followed by intend to use (R2 = 0.528), practicability (R2 = 0.408), entertainment (R2 = 0.186). This study proposes a general extended technology acceptance model for Intention toward Cultural Creative APP Design. Our proposed model explained 52.8% of the variance in behavioral intention. Overall findings suggest that use attitude and intend to use may augment its function as a key factor for procedural Intention toward cultural creative APP design.

As project teams have become dispersed and communication technology has evolved, organizations have increasingly moved towards usage of synchronous communication technologies such as video/web/audio conferencing and instant messaging to facilitate collaboration among team members although usage of asynchronous communication technologies such as electronic mail, wikis, blogs, and social networks continue to play an important role in the exchange of information within teams. Little however is known about the relationships among a team member's task characteristics, the member's task outcomes, and extent of usage of such contemporary collaboration technologies. To explore this gap in literature, this paper draws upon media richness theory to understand the impacts of a project team member's task characteristics on the member's task outcomes and extent of usage of synchronous collaboration technologies. This paper also has practical implications that guide the adoption and use of collaboration technologies in organizations.

This paper presents a synthesis of the group support systems literature (GSS) with a focus on adaptive structuration theory (AST) and media richness theory (MRT). We analyze 23 papers that use either of these theories in constructing or empirically testing hypotheses and fit these works to a framework for conceptualizing group decision support systems as proposed by Peters [1]. We find that MRT is not robust with respect to empirical analyses, while AST is. We show that the extant literature is narrowly focused with respect to task and that the AST literature is lacking in investigations of the effects of social context cues.

Essay standards are generally determined by teachers' subjective opinions. The tacit knowledge requires choosing correct type of communication media and picking a suitable knowledge transfer mechanism. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to reduce the subjectively in feedback to student essays. The quasi-experimental method is used. The result shows that teaching strategies in writing can enhance student's learning outcomes. With the strategy of information feedback, writing effectiveness is more significant.

Most e-learning systems provide course materials in a variety of formats, such as text, image, and video, and allow students to interact with their classmates and teachers by means of discussion forums, chat rooms, or e-mail. However, most interactions between students seeking technical support are in textual format. To promote effective discussion and interaction between users, e-learning systems should make better use of media. Drawing on the media-richness theory, screenshot-based interaction can be regarded as the best medium for describing problems and troubleshooting in the context of computer software. As this form of interaction between users is based on screenshots, it is termed "screenshot-based interaction." This study entailed the development of a screenshot-based interaction system, which is a system of discussion forums for advanced computer software learners, by integrating the richness of social-networking media with the traditional structure of present-day discussion forums. The system provided students with a convenient and clear means of explaining advanced computer software problems, by uploading screenshots, dragging rectangles, and leaving comments in text boxes. It also allowed students to give and receive individual responses to these problems, thereby enhancing their learning. In addition, the study investigated user acceptance of the screenshot-based interaction system. The results, based on data collected from 418 students, indicated that students' perceived enjoyment had a strong, positive, and direct effect on their behavioral intention, and that colleague opinion had a direct effect on their perceived enjoyment and their perception of the system's ease of use and usefulness, which in turn affected behavioral intention indirectly.

Recent advances in neurophysiological methods are providing IS researchers with new research opportunities. We deployed electroencephalograms (EEG) analyses to compare learning within two organizational forms: computer-mediated and face-to-face decision teams. We collected demographic, psychometric, simultaneous parallel EEG, and performance data from 118 undergraduate students who performed the Ethical Decision Challenge© as part of a face-to-face or a computer-mediated team. Organizational learning was derived from performance data registered at three points during the experiment: (1) individually prior to group discussion, (2) collectively as a group consensus, and (3) individually following the group discussion. The results revealed a significant difference between learning ability between face-to-face and computer-mediated team members, thus supporting propositions of media richness theory. Further, a comparison of brain patterns between face-to-face team members and computer-mediated team members revealed a significant difference in neural activity. Our findings also confirm the role of the left temporal lobe in learning and performance.

Information Richness Theory (IRT), as the basis of Media Richness Theory (MRT), explained information processing inside organization. Both IRT and MRT have decided that face to face is the best medium to solve equivocal and uncertain information problem. Lately, the development of new media for organizational purposes questioned the role of face to face as the richest medium to solve uncertain or equivocal problem. Inter-organizational communication, especially for organization in different regions, increases the use of new media to do organizational teamwork. Communication has become mobile, which means must be able to be conducted everywhere according to the work or activities of agents and clients. This qualitative research studied the information processing between an event organizer agent with its client trough new media facilities like instant messages, short text messages, emails, and phone calls. Qualitative approach was planned to find a deeper understanding about the meaning of sharing among agent and client, to determine the type of symbol (as information) and medium to collaborate. Each staff of the client communicate and choose each kind of symbol and medium, that they use, personally, according to the urgency and competency. This research study discovered that information richness was built personally, with more than one media. While communication must be mobile, character of symbol and medium of face to face communication like direct feedback, cues, language, and personal, can be replaced by mixed new media technology.

This exploratory empirical research looks at the impact of societal culture on organizational social media. Data from 500 organizations regarding their external use of social media has been collected and analyzed. The findings indicate that societal culture is indeed a determinator of organizational social media.

The Internet has become a method of mass communication during disasters and emergencies. Using Media Richness Theory, the design parameters of emergency communication techniques are examined and new methods of using the web are proposed. The objective is to better serve those in need at the time of need with targeted communications that provide value. The new methods proposed are starkly different than those in common use today, but after testing during hurricane Ike in 2008, they appear to offer functionality not currently available through existing methods of communication.

Software development as a knowledge intensive activity involves high requirements for communication and collaboration between its practitioners. In global software development, geographical, cultural and language distances bring additional challenges to communication. While text-based communication is very common in global software projects, recent improvements in telecommunications technology and network infrastructure have enabled ad-hoc audio conferencing as an economically feasible and available communication medium. Media richness theory suggests audio conferencing as a richer medium to have potential in leveraging uncertainty and equivocality, while media synchronicity theory suggests using multiple communication media to accomplish a task. This empirical qualitative study is based on 57 interviews from eight global software development projects. We discovered that self-conception of poor language skills leads to preference to use text-based communication media. We also found out that technical personnel tends to prefer text-based communication media more than non-technical team members.

Many universities and colleges are investing in teaching and learning developments in virtual worlds despite a lack of any clear guidelines or rules for when virtual worlds will provide benefits over established communication media. Among activities that have been successfully tried out so far are interpersonal role play and oral language education, while other practices like traditional lecturing and business transaction oriented role plays seem to be less suitable for successful implementation. Our objective in this paper is to develop an evaluative framework educational for educational activities in virtual worlds based on Media Richness and Task Closure Theories from Management Information Systems. We demonstrate the use of the framework for three educational activities conducted in the virtual world of Second Life.

Recently, there has been a dramatic increase in multimedia message service as a great mobile service in China; however, most of the mobile-phone users have never used it and little is published about what motivates people to participate in this service. This study focuses on extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, media richness theory for the use of multimedia message service. An electronic Web page survey was used to collect the data required for the study. The proposed model was empirically tested using data collected and structural equation modeling technique was used to evaluate the casual model. Our findings indicated that all variables directly or indirectly significantly affected user's behavioral intent. The implication of this work to both researchers and practitioners is discussed.

The portable and immediate communication properties of mobile devices influence the learning processes in interacting with peers, accessing resources and transferring data. How to use communication technologies to improve mobile learning is an important topic in electronic education. Meanwhile, media selection can be a critical issue of supporting various reader devices and providing potential benefits. RSS (Really Simple Syndication) is one method of information exchange that is especially suitable for various front-end devices to read information. This paper aims to assess a ubiquitous learning environment through RSS and analyze communication media richness with RSS, SMS and E-mail based on media richness theory. Moreover, in order to evaluate the preferences toward using RSS into ubiquitous learning environment, student satisfaction is also assessed. Experimental results revealed that ubiquitous learning system by using RSS can greatly promote instructor-learners interaction and learners participation in curriculum activities but have no influence in learners cognition and metacognition. In terms of media richness, RSS is more suitable media for ubiquitous learning environment. According to the results, we suggest that current general e-learning systems can take advantage of RSS techniques to support mobile access and achieve the goal of ubiquitous learning anytime and anywhere.

Social communication technologies (SCT) might be alternative sources of knowledge diffusion and enable employee to achieve their goals. We have investigated that the effects of SCT in the relationship with tasks and social aspects toward task performance. This study can contribute the understanding of contemporary social media usage and its performance in organizations. We collected survey data of 280 employees in companies and analyze it with multivariate regression analysis. In sum, our findings are as followings: Characteristics of tasks (analyzability, urgency, complex) influence the use of SCT and social aspects (social influence, social affinity) moderate the relationship between the tasks and the use of SCT.

Drawing on data from a longitudinal field study, this paper investigates the influence of existing, better and stand-alone technology substitutes on the use of smart phones. By applying prospect theory, media richness theory, and business model literature, the purpose of this paper is to improve our understanding of the role of substitutes, device content fit issues, and implications for business models by asking the question: What is an effective business model to address the relationship between user preference and the fit of the smart phone and everyday task? The field study data suggest the need for business models to recognize that adoption decisions are reference-dependent and strongly influenced by the fit between task and smart phone.

Virtual worlds may be enabling technologies for the next generation of business models, practices and innovations in service. We situate our research within the field of service science and aim to evaluate service innovations. Because of Second Life's visibility as the de facto virtual world for commerce, we apply an immersive business evaluation framework against existing and hypothetical Second Life innovations. We then develop a framework based on Media Richness and Task Closure Theories to evaluate these cases. We thus progress toward theories of immersive business and concomitant evaluative frameworks for immersive business models. We posit the following characteristics of potential Second Life innovations based on our analysis: 1) feedback and interactions between users are not dissipated; 2) tasks that are profitable enough to support can be started and closed by users within Second Life; and 3) users are compelled to form a social presence, which is then leveraged.

This study empirically examines university students' perceptions and their views of when they adopt instant messaging (IM) and short messaging service (SMS) and how they perceive and prefer these two media, in conjunction with other media (face-to-face, telephone, and email), in their university learning activities across two different cultural contexts: Australian university and Chinese university. The overall results of this study support some aspects of media richness theory. Although IM is perceived to be richer than email, it is not perceived to be the most popular medium for any situation. Data also demonstrate cultural differences in media perceptions of and preferences for new media. Specifically, Australian students have higher preference for email than their Chinese counterparts and Australian students also perceive SMS as leaner in terms of medium richness and have less preference for SMS than their Chinese counterparts.

What media do deceivers choose for their deceptions and why do they choose them? Few past studies of media selection have investigated media choice for deception. Media richness theory predicts that the most common media choice for deception would be face-to-face, while Hancock et al’s three-factor model predicts that phone would be the dominant choice. Our data allow us to compare these two perspectives. We also investigate two aspects of communication event context: severity of the problem and familiarity of the deceiver with the recipient. To investigate these issues, we conducted a sample survey of over 500 middle and upper managers. Our findings tend to support media richness theory, as the favored media for deception was face-to-face. The importance of face-to-face was amplified when the recipient was a friend of the deceiver instead of a stranger. The situation's urgency only helped respondents decide if they would lie or not.

Distance learning is becoming a popular option for education. Course management platforms (CMP) are used to deliver distance learning courses. These include an abundance of channels by which to communicate and run a distance class. As such, CMP provide an excellent environment to test the implications of Media Richness Theory. Based upon a review of "interaction" theories, conjectures are formulated outlining anticipated differences based upon the richness used in the CMP. These conjectures are tested with a set of data from an established distance education program. The results show significant differences, in the direction predicted by Media Richness Theory, for satisfaction, communication and interaction, and perceived technology effectiveness.

Work by R.L. Daft, R.H. Lengel and L. Trevino (1987) in media richness theory (MRT) is being used as a major reference in the study of MRT and the place of the new media within the dimension of MRT. There is a gap in the work of Daft and Lengel: lack of analysis of the scale of equivocality. There is no evidence of the unidimensionality of the scale used to measure equivocality. Consequently there is no certainty in its use as a means of measuring equivocality. This gap can be filled by development of a reliable and uni-dimensional equivocality scale through multidimensional approaches. To demonstrate the use of multidimensional approaches the paper presents a longitudinal case study of the introduction of voice mail in an organisation. The study developed an equivocality scale under the guidance of the work of Daft and Lengel. >

Media richness theory has become one of the most cited, yet controversial, theories of media choices in organizations. In this paper, we refine and extend media richness theory by more precisely characterizing its key construct, the concept of message equivocality. We identify two sources of message equivocality, personal nature and ambiguity. We then present results from three studies that demonstrate their differential effects on media choices. Personal nature explains variance in media choices over and above that explained by ambiguity. Further, employees prefer to send personal messages via face-to-face meetings, telephone and voice mail, and impersonal messages via electronic mail, facsimile and memos. Implications for research and new media are drawn.